Research article
28 Oct 2020
Research article | 28 Oct 2020
Shear rate effect on the residual strength characteristics of saturated loess in naturally drained ring shear tests
Baoqin Lian et al.
Related authors
Related subject area
Assessment of the physical vulnerability of buildings affected by slow-moving landslides
Qin Chen, Lixia Chen, Lei Gui, Kunlong Yin, Dhruba Pikha Shrestha, Juan Du, and Xuelian Cao
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2547–2565, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2547-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2547-2020, 2020
Short summary
Rainfall and rockfalls in the Canary Islands: assessing a seasonal link
Massimo Melillo, Stefano Luigi Gariano, Silvia Peruccacci, Roberto Sarro, Rosa Marìa Mateos, and Maria Teresa Brunetti
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2307–2317, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2307-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2307-2020, 2020
Short summary
Timing, drivers and impacts of the historic Masiere di Vedana rock avalanche (Belluno Dolomites, NE Italy)
Sandro Rossato, Susan Ivy-Ochs, Silvana Martin, Alfio Viganò, Christof Vockenhuber, Manuel Rigo, Giovanni Monegato, Marco De Zorzi, Nicola Surian, Paolo Campedel, and Paolo Mozzi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2157–2174, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2157-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2157-2020, 2020
Short summary
INSPIRE standards as framework for artificial intelligence applications: a landslides example
Gioachino Roberti, Jacob McGregor, Sharon Lam, David Bigelow, Blake Boyko, Chris Ahern, Victoria Wang, Bryan Barnhart, Clinton Smyth, David Poole, and Stephen Richard
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2020-134,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2020-134, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Analysis of the instability conditions and failure mode of a special type of translational landslide using long-term monitoring data: a case study of the Wobaoshi landslide (in Bazhong, China)
Yimin Liu, Chenghu Wang, Guiyun Gao, Pu Wang, Zhengyang Hou, and Qisong Jiao
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1305–1319, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1305-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1305-2020, 2020
Short summary
Classification and susceptibility assessment of debris flow based on a semi-quantitative method combination of the fuzzy C-means algorithm, factor analysis and efficacy coefficient
Zhu Liang, Changming Wang, Songling Han, Kaleem Ullah Jan Khan, and Yiao Liu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1287–1304, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1287-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1287-2020, 2020
Short summary
Erosion after an extreme storm event in an arid fluvial system of the southern Atacama Desert: an assessment of the magnitude, return time, and conditioning factors of erosion and debris flow generation
Germán Aguilar, Albert Cabré, Victor Fredes, and Bruno Villela
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1247–1265, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1247-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1247-2020, 2020
Short summary
Stability evaluation and potential failure process of rock slopes characterized by non-persistent fractures
Wen Zhang, Jia Wang, Peihua Xu, Junqing Lou, Bo Shan, Fengyan Wang, Chen Cao, Xiaoxue Chen, and Jinsheng Que
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2020-58,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2020-58, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Landslide hazard probability and risk assessment at the community level: a case of western Hubei, China
Sheng Fu, Lixia Chen, Tsehaie Woldai, Kunlong Yin, Lei Gui, Deying Li, Juan Du, Chao Zhou, Yong Xu, and Zhipeng Lian
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 581–601, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-581-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-581-2020, 2020
Short summary
Modelling landslide hazard under global change: the case of a Pyrenean valley
Séverine Bernardie, Rosalie Vandromme, Yannick Thiery, Thomas Houet, Marine Grémont, Florian Masson, Gilles Grandjean, and Isabelle Bouroullec
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2019-311,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2019-311, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Dynamic path-dependent landslide susceptibility modelling
Jalal Samia, Arnaud Temme, Arnold Bregt, Jakob Wallinga, Fausto Guzzetti, and Francesca Ardizzone
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 271–285, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-271-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-271-2020, 2020
Short summary
New Global Characterization of Landslide Exposure
Robert Emberson, Dalia Kirschbaum, and Thomas Stanley
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2019-434,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2019-434, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
From examination of natural events to a proposal for risk mitigation of lahars by a cellular-automata methodology: a case study for Vascún valley, Ecuador
Valeria Lupiano, Francesco Chidichimo, Guillermo Machado, Paolo Catelan, Lorena Molina, Claudia R. Calidonna, Salvatore Straface, Gino M. Crisci, and Salvatore Di Gregorio
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1-2020, 2020
Short summary
The influence of land use and land cover change on landslide susceptibility: a case study in Zhushan Town, Xuan'en County (Hubei, China)
Lixia Chen, Zizheng Guo, Kunlong Yin, Dhruba Pikha Shrestha, and Shikuan Jin
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2207–2228, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2207-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2207-2019, 2019
Short summary
GIS-based earthquake-triggered-landslide susceptibility mapping with an integrated weighted index model in Jiuzhaigou region of Sichuan Province, China
Yaning Yi, Zhijie Zhang, Wanchang Zhang, Qi Xu, Cai Deng, and Qilun Li
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1973–1988, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1973-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1973-2019, 2019
Short summary
How size and trigger matter: analyzing rainfall- and earthquake-triggered landslide inventories and their causal relation in the Koshi River basin, central Himalaya
Jianqiang Zhang, Cees J. van Westen, Hakan Tanyas, Olga Mavrouli, Yonggang Ge, Samjwal Bajrachary, Deo Raj Gurung, Megh Raj Dhital, and Narendral Raj Khanal
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1789–1805, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1789-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1789-2019, 2019
Short summary
A remote-sensing-based intensity–duration threshold, Faifa Mountains, Saudi Arabia
Sita Karki, Mohamed Sultan, Saleh Alsefry, Hassan Alharbi, Mustafa Kemal Emil, Racha Elkadiri, and Emad Abu Alfadail
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1235–1249, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1235-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1235-2019, 2019
Short summary
Probabilistic forecasting of plausible debris flows from Nevado de Colima (Mexico) using data from the Atenquique debris flow, 1955
Andrea Bevilacqua, Abani K. Patra, Marcus I. Bursik, E. Bruce Pitman, José Luis Macías, Ricardo Saucedo, and David Hyman
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 791–820, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-791-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-791-2019, 2019
Short summary
Simple rules to minimise exposure to coseismic landslide hazard
David G. Milledge, Alexander L. Densmore, Dino Bellugi, Nick J. Rosser, Jack Watt, Gen Li, and Katie J. Oven
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 837–856, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-837-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-837-2019, 2019
Short summary
Invited perspectives: Mountain roads in Nepal at a new crossroads
Karen Sudmeier-Rieux, Brian G. McAdoo, Sanjaya Devkota, Purna Chandra Lal Rajbhandari, John Howell, and Shuva Sharma
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 655–660, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-655-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-655-2019, 2019
Short summary
Changes in ground deformation prior to and following a large urban landslide in La Paz, Bolivia, revealed by advanced InSAR
Nicholas J. Roberts, Bernhard T. Rabus, John J. Clague, Reginald L. Hermanns, Marco-Antonio Guzmán, and Estela Minaya
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 679–696, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-679-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-679-2019, 2019
Short summary
Application of the Levenburg–Marquardt back propagation neural network approach for landslide risk assessments
Junnan Xiong, Ming Sun, Hao Zhang, Weiming Cheng, Yinghui Yang, Mingyuan Sun, Yifan Cao, and Jiyan Wang
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 629–653, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-629-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-629-2019, 2019
Short summary
Integrated risk assessment due to slope instabilities in the roadway network of Gipuzkoa, Basque Country
Olga Mavrouli, Jordi Corominas, Iñaki Ibarbia, Nahikari Alonso, Ioseba Jugo, Jon Ruiz, Susana Luzuriaga, and José Antonio Navarro
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 399–419, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-399-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-399-2019, 2019
Short summary
Cited articles
Ajmera, B., Tiwari, B., and Shrestha, D.: Effect of mineral composition and
shearing rates on the undrained shear strength of expansive clays, in:
GeoCongress 2012: State of the Art and Practice in Geotechnical Engineering,
Proceedings of GeoCongress 2012, Oakland, CA, USA, 25–29 March 2012, 1185–1194, 2012.
ASTM: ASTM D422-63: Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2007.
Bhat, D. R.: Effect of shearing rate on residual strength of kaolin clay,
PhD thesis, Graduate school of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Japan,
2013.
Bishop, A. W., Green, G. E., Garga, V. K., Andresen, A., and Brown, J. D.: A
new ring shear apparatus and its application to the measurement of residual
strength, Geotechnique, 21, 273–328, 1971.
Bromhead, E.: The stability of slopes, blackie academic and professional,
CRC Press, London, UK, 1992.
Dijkstra, T., Rogers, C., Smalley, I., Derbyshire, E., Li, Y. J., and Meng,
X. M.: The loess of north-central China: geotechnical properties and their
relation to slope stability, Eng. Geol., 36, 153–171, 1994.
Ding, H.: Ring shear tests on strength properties of loess in different
regions (in Chinese), Master thesis, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China, 2016.
Eid, H. T.: Stability charts for uniform slopes in soils with nonlinear
failure envelopes, Eng. Geol., 168, 38–45, 2014.
Eid, H. T., Al-Nohmi, N. M., Wijewickreme, D., and Amarasinghe, R. S.:
Drained Peak and Residual Interface Shear Strengths of Fine-Grained Soils
for Pipeline Geotechnics, J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 145(10), 06019010, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002131, 2019.
Fan, X., Xu, Q., Scaringi, G., Li, S., and Peng, D.: A chemo-mechanical
insight into the failure mechanism of frequently occurred landslides in the
Loess Plateau, Gansu Province, China, Eng. Geol., 228, 337–345,
2017.
Gratchev Ivan, B., and Sassa, K.: Shear strength of clay at different shear
rates, J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 141(5), 06015002, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0001297, 2015.
Hu, S., Qiu, H., Wang, X., Gao, Y., Wang, N., Wu, J., Yang, D., and Cao, M.:
Acquiring high-resolution topography and performing spatial analysis of
loess landslides by using low-cost UAVs, Landslides, 15, 593–612, 2018.
Kimura, S., Nakamura, S., Vithana, S. B., and Sakai, K.: Shearing rate
effect on residual strength of landslide soils in the slow rate range,
Landslides, 11, 969–979, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-013-0457-6, 2014.
Lemos, L.: Earthquake loading of shear surfaces in slopes, Proceedings of the 11th international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, San Francisco, CA, USA, 12–16 August 1985, 4, 1955–1958, 1985.
Leng, Y., Peng, J., Wang, Q., Meng, Z., and Huang, W.: A fluidized landslide
occurred in the Loess Plateau: A study on loess landslide in South Jingyang
tableland, Eng. Geol., 236, 129–136, 2018.
Li, D., Yin, K., Glade, T., and Leo, C.: Effect of over-consolidation and
shear rate on the residual strength of soils of silty sand in the Three
Gorges Reservoir, Sci. Rep., 7, 1–11, 2017.
Li, Y. R., Wen, B. P., Aydin, A., and Ju, N. P.: Ring shear tests on slip
zone soils of three giant landslides in the Three Gorges Project area,
Eng. Geol., 154, 106–115, 2013.
Ma, P., Peng, J., Wang, Q., Zhuang, J., and Zhang, F.: The mechanisms of a
loess landslide triggered by diversion-based irrigation: a case study of the
South Jingyang Platform, China, B. Eng. Geol. Environ., 78, 4945–4963, 2019.
Mesri, G. and Shahien, M.: Residual shear strength mobilized in first-time
slope failures, J. Geotech. Geoenviron.,
129, 12–31, 2003.
Moeyersons, J., Van Den Eeckhaut, M., Nyssen, J., Gebreyohannes, T., Van de
Wauw, J., Hofmeister, J., Poesen, J., Deckers, J., and Mitiku, H.: Mass
movement mapping for geomorphological understanding and sustainable
development: Tigray, Ethiopia, Catena, 75, 45–54, 2008.
Nakamura, S., Gibo, S., Egashira, K., and Kimura, S.: Platy layer silicate
minerals for controlling residual strength in landslide soils of different
origins and geology, Geology, 38, 743–746, 2010.
Picarelli, L.: Discussion on “A rapid loess flowslide triggered by
irrigation in China” by D. Zhang, G. Wang, C. Luo, J. Chen, and Y. Zhou,
Landslides, 7, 203–205, 2010.
Sassa, K., Fukuoka, H., Wang, G., and Ishikawa, N.: Undrained
dynamic-loading ring-shear apparatus and its application to landslide
dynamics, Landslides, 1, 7–19, 2004.
Sayyah, A., Eriksen, R. S., Horenstein, M. N., and Mazumder, M. K.:
Performance analysis of electrodynamic screens based on residual particle
size distribution, IEEE J. Photovolt., 7, 221–229, 2016.
She, X.: The formation mechanism of landslide of loess and bedrock contact
surface (in Chinese), Master thesis, Chang’an University, Shaanxi, China, 2015.
Skempton, A. W.: Long-term stability of clay slopes, Geotechnique, 14,
77–102, 1964.
Skempton, A. W.: Residual strength of clays in landslides, folded strata and
the laboratory, Geotechnique, 35, 3–18, 1985.
Skepmton, A. W.: Long-term stability of clay slopes, Geotechnique, 14, 77–102,
1964.
Summa, V., Tateo, F., Giannossi, M., and Bonelli, C.: Influence of clay
mineralogy on the stability of a landslide in Plio-Pleistocene clay
sediments near Grassano (Southern Italy), Catena, 80, 75–85, 2010.
Summa, V., Margiotta, S., Medici, L., and Tateo, F.: Compositional
characterization of fine sediments and circulating waters of landslides in
the southern Apennines–Italy, Catena, 171, 199–211, 2018.
Sun, P., Peng, J., Chen, L., Yin, Y., and Wu, S.: Weak tensile
characteristics of loess in China – An important reason for ground
fissures, Eng. Geol., 108, 153–159, 2009.
Terzaghi, K.: Theoretical soil mechanics, Chapman And Hall, Limited,
London, UK, 1951.
Terzaghi, K., Peck, R. B., and Mesri, G.: Soil mechanics in engineering
practice, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA, 1996.
Tika, T.: Ring shear tests on a carbonate sandy silt, Geotechn. Test.
J., 22(4), 342–355, https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ11248J, 1999.
Tiwari, B.: Analysis of landslide mechanism of Okimi Landslide, M. Sc.
Thesis, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan, 2000.
Tiwari, B., Brandon, T. L., Marui, H., and Tuladhar, G. R.: Comparison of
residual shear strengths from back analysis and ring shear tests on
undisturbed and remolded specimens, J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 131, 1071–1079, 2005.
Tiwari B., and Marui, H.: A new method for the correlation of residual
shear strength of the soil with mineralogical composition, J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 131, 1139–1150, 2005.
Tiwari, G. and Latha, G. M.: Reliability analysis of jointed rock slope
considering uncertainty in peak and residual strength parameters, B. Eng. Geol. Environ., 78, 913–930, 2019.
Vithana, S. B., Nakamura, S., Kimura, S., and Gibo, S.: Effects of
overconsolidation ratios on the shear strength of remoulded slip surface
soils in ring shear, Eng. Geol., 131–132, 29–36, 2012.
Wang, J., Li, P., Ma, Y., and Vanapalli, S. K.: Evolution of pore-size
distribution of intact loess and remolded loess due to consolidation,
J. Soils Sediments., 19, 1226–1238, 2019.
Wang, S., Wu, W., Xiang, W., and Liu, Q.: Shear behaviors of saturated loess
in naturally drained ring-shear tests, in: Recent Advances in Modeling
Landslides and Debris Flows, Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 19–27, 2015.
Wang, W.: Residual Strength of Remolded Loess in Ring Shear Tests, PhD thesis,
Northwest A & F University of China, Shaanxi, China, 2014.
Wesley, L.: Stability of slopes in residual soils, Obras y Proyectos, 10, 47–61,
2011.
Wesley, L. D.: Residual strength of clays and correlations using atterberg
limits, Geotechnique, 23, 669–672, 2003.
Xu, C., Wang, X., Lu, X., Dai, F., and Jiao, S.: Experimental study of
residual strength and the index of shear strength characteristics of clay
soil, Eng. Geol., 233, 183–190, 2018.
Yan, G., Qi, F., Wei, L., Aigang, L., Yu, W., Jing, Y., Aifang, C., Yamin,
W., Yubo, S., and Li, L.: Changes of daily climate extremes in Loess Plateau
during 1960–2013, Quatern. Int., 371, 5–21, 2015.
Zhang, D., Wang, G., Luo, C., Chen, J., and Zhou, Y.: A rapid loess
flowslide triggered by irrigation in China, Landslides, 6, 55–60, 2009.
Zhang, M., Jiao, P., and Wei, X.: Study on development characteristics and
distribution regularity of landslide and geohazards in baota district,
yan'an, Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 33, 72–74, 2006 (in Chinese).