Articles | Volume 22, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2257-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2257-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
12 Jul 2022
Research article |
| 12 Jul 2022
| 12 Jul 2022
Fault slip potential induced by fluid injection in the Matouying enhanced geothermal system (EGS) field, Tangshan seismic region, North China
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,
Beijing, 100081, China
Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Geological Safety, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, 100081, China
Guangliang Gao
School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, China
Jidong Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Tangshan, 063000, China
Shihuai Zhang
Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, 8092,
Switzerland
Dongsheng Sun
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,
Beijing, 100081, China
Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Geological Safety, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, 100081, China
Siyu Zhu
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,
Beijing, 100081, China
Chengxuan Tan
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,
Beijing, 100081, China
Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Geological Safety, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, 100081, China
Xiaodong Ma
Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, 8092,
Switzerland
Related authors
No articles found.
Peter Achtziger-Zupančič, Alberto Ceccato, Alba Simona Zappone, Giacomo Pozzi, Alexis Shakas, Florian Amann, Whitney Maria Behr, Daniel Escallon Botero, Domenico Giardini, Marian Hertrich, Mohammadreza Jalali, Xiaodong Ma, Men-Andrin Meier, Julian Osten, Stefan Wiemer, and Massimo Cocco
Solid Earth, 15, 1087–1112, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1087-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1087-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We detail the selection and characterization of a fault zone for earthquake experiments in the Fault Activation and Earthquake Ruptures (FEAR) project at the Bedretto Lab. FEAR, which studies earthquake processes, overcame data collection challenges near faults. The fault zone in Rotondo granite was selected based on geometry, monitorability, and hydro-mechanical properties. Remote sensing, borehole logging, and geological mapping were used to create a 3D model for precise monitoring.
Xiaodong Ma, Marian Hertrich, Florian Amann, Kai Bröker, Nima Gholizadeh Doonechaly, Valentin Gischig, Rebecca Hochreutener, Philipp Kästli, Hannes Krietsch, Michèle Marti, Barbara Nägeli, Morteza Nejati, Anne Obermann, Katrin Plenkers, Antonio P. Rinaldi, Alexis Shakas, Linus Villiger, Quinn Wenning, Alba Zappone, Falko Bethmann, Raymi Castilla, Francisco Seberto, Peter Meier, Thomas Driesner, Simon Loew, Hansruedi Maurer, Martin O. Saar, Stefan Wiemer, and Domenico Giardini
Solid Earth, 13, 301–322, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-301-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-301-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Questions on issues such as anthropogenic earthquakes and deep geothermal energy developments require a better understanding of the fractured rock. Experiments conducted at reduced scales but with higher-resolution observations can shed some light. To this end, the BedrettoLab was recently established in an existing tunnel in Ticino, Switzerland, with preliminary efforts to characterize realistic rock mass behavior at the hectometer scale.
Related subject area
Earthquake Hazards
Risk-informed representative earthquake scenarios for Valparaíso and Viña del Mar, Chile
Harmonizing seismicity information in Central Asian countries: earthquake catalogue and active faults
Comparing components for seismic risk modelling using data from the 2019 Le Teil (France) earthquake
Modelling seismic ground motion and its uncertainty in different tectonic contexts: challenges and application to the 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model (ESHM20)
Scoring and ranking probabilistic seismic hazard models: an application based on macroseismic intensity data
A dense micro-electromechanical system (MEMS)-based seismic network in populated areas: rapid estimation of exposure maps in Trentino (NE Italy)
Exploring inferred geomorphological sediment thickness as a new site proxy to predict ground-shaking amplification at regional scale: application to Europe and eastern Türkiye
Surface rupture kinematics of the 2020 Mw 6.6 Masbate (Philippines) earthquake determined from optical and radar data
The influence of aftershocks on seismic hazard analysis: a case study from Xichang and the surrounding areas
Characteristics and mechanisms of near-surface negative atmospheric electric field anomalies preceding the 5 September 2022, Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake in China
Seismogenic depth and seismic coupling estimation in the transition zone between Alps, Dinarides and Pannonian Basin for the new Slovenian seismic hazard model
Co- and postseismic subaquatic evidence for prehistoric fault activity near Coyhaique, Aysén Region, Chile
Towards a dynamic earthquake risk framework for Switzerland
Understanding flow characteristics from tsunami deposits at Odaka, Joban Coast, using a deep neural network (DNN) inverse model
Spring water anomalies before two consecutive earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6) in Kahramanmaraş (Türkiye) on 6 February 2023
Update on the seismogenic potential of the Upper Rhine Graben southern region
Forearc crustal faulting and estimated worst-case tsunami scenario in the upper plate of subduction zones. Case study of the Morne Piton Fault system (Lesser Antilles, Guadeloupe Archipelago)
Earthquake forecasting model for Albania: the area source model and the smoothing model
Estimating Ground Motion Intensities Using Simulation-Based Estimates of Local Crustal Seismic Response
The 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model: Overview and Results
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment of Sweden
The footprint of a historical paleoearthquake: the sixth-century-CE event in the European western Southern Alps
Strategies for Comparison of Modern Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Models and Insights from the Germany and France Border Region
Seismic background noise levels in the Italian strong-motion network
Testing machine learning models for heuristic building damage assessment applied to the Italian Database of Observed Damage (DaDO)
The seismic hazard from the Lembang Fault, Indonesia, derived from InSAR and GNSS data
The European Fault-Source Model 2020 (EFSM20): geologic input data for the European Seismic Hazard Model 2020
Rapid estimation of seismic intensities by analyzing early aftershock sequences using the robust locally weighted regression program (LOWESS)
A 2700-yr record of Cascadia megathrust and crustal/slab earthquakes from Upper and Lower Squaw Lakes, Oregon
Towards improving the spatial testability of aftershock forecast models
The Earthquake Risk Model of Switzerland ERM-CH23
Accounting for path and site effects in spatial ground-motion correlation models using Bayesian inference
Seismogenic potential and tsunami threat of the strike-slip Carboneras fault in the western Mediterranean from physics-based earthquake simulations
Earthquake hazard characterization by using entropy: application to northern Chilean earthquakes
Seismic risk scenarios for the residential buildings in the Sabana Centro province in Colombia
Looking for undocumented earthquake effects: a probabilistic analysis of Italian macroseismic data
Spatiotemporal seismicity pattern of the Taiwan orogen
A web-based GIS (web-GIS) database of the scientific articles on earthquake-triggered landslides
Evaluation of liquefaction triggering potential in Italy: a seismic-hazard-based approach
Earthquake vulnerability assessment of the built environment in the city of Srinagar, Kashmir Himalaya, using a geographic information system
Earthquake-induced landslides in Norway
PERL: a dataset of geotechnical, geophysical, and hydrogeological parameters for earthquake-induced hazards assessment in Terre del Reno (Emilia-Romagna, Italy)
Development of a seismic loss prediction model for residential buildings using machine learning – Ōtautahi / Christchurch, New Zealand
A non-extensive approach to probabilistic seismic hazard analysis
Inferring the depth and magnitude of pre-instrumental earthquakes from intensity attenuation curves
Tsunami scenario triggered by a submarine landslide offshore of northern Sumatra Island and its hazard assessment
Scrutinizing and rooting the multiple anomalies of Nepal earthquake sequence in 2015 with the deviation–time–space criterion and homologous lithosphere–coversphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling physics
On the calculation of smoothing kernels for seismic parameter spatial mapping: methodology and examples
Mass flows, turbidity currents and other hydrodynamic consequences of small and moderate earthquakes in the Sea of Marmara
Brief communication: The crucial assessment of possible significant vertical movements preceding the 28 December 1908, Mw = 7.1, Messina Straits earthquake
Hugo Rosero-Velásquez, Mauricio Monsalve, Juan Camilo Gómez Zapata, Elisa Ferrario, Alan Poulos, Juan Carlos de la Llera, and Daniel Straub
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2667–2687, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2667-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2667-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic risk management uses reference earthquake scenarios, but the criteria for selecting them do not always consider consequences for exposed assets. Hence, we adopt a definition of representative scenarios associated with a return period and loss level to select such scenarios among a large set of possible earthquakes. We identify the scenarios for the residential-building stock and power supply in Valparaíso and Viña del Mar, Chile. The selected scenarios depend on the exposed assets.
Valerio Poggi, Stefano Parolai, Natalya Silacheva, Anatoly Ischuk, Kanatbek Abdrakhmatov, Zainalobudin Kobuliev, Vakhitkhan Ismailov, Roman Ibragimov, Japar Karaev, Paola Ceresa, and Paolo Bazzurro
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2597–2613, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2597-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2597-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
As part of the Strengthening Financial Resilience and Accelerating Risk Reduction in Central Asia (SFRARR) programme, funded by the European Union in collaboration with the World Bank and GFDRR, a regionally consistent probabilistic multi-hazard and multi-asset risk assessment has been developed. This paper describes the preparation of the input datasets (earthquake catalogue and active-fault database) required for the implementation of the probabilistic seismic hazard model.
Konstantinos Trevlopoulos, Pierre Gehl, Caterina Negulescu, Helen Crowley, and Laurentiu Danciu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2383–2401, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2383-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2383-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The models used to estimate the probability of exceeding a level of earthquake damage are essential to the reduction of disasters. These models consist of components that may be tested individually; however testing these types of models as a whole is challenging. Here, we use observations of damage caused by the 2019 Le Teil earthquake and estimations from other models to test components of seismic risk models.
Graeme Weatherill, Sreeram Reddy Kotha, Laurentiu Danciu, Susana Vilanova, and Fabrice Cotton
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1795–1834, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1795-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1795-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ground motion models (GMMs) selected for the 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model (ESHM20) and their uncertainties require adaptation to different tectonic environments. Using insights from new data, local experts and developments in the scientific literature, we further calibrate the ESHM20 GMM logic tree to capture previously unmodelled regional variation. We also propose a new scaled-backbone logic tree for application to Europe's subduction zones and the Vrancea deep seismic source.
Vera D'Amico, Francesco Visini, Andrea Rovida, Warner Marzocchi, and Carlo Meletti
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1401–1413, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1401-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1401-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a scoring strategy to rank multiple models/branches of a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) model that could be useful to consider specific requests from stakeholders responsible for seismic risk reduction actions. In fact, applications of PSHA often require sampling a few hazard curves from the model. The procedure is introduced through an application aimed to score and rank the branches of a recent Italian PSHA model according to their fit with macroseismic intensity data.
Davide Scafidi, Alfio Viganò, Jacopo Boaga, Valeria Cascone, Simone Barani, Daniele Spallarossa, Gabriele Ferretti, Mauro Carli, and Giancarlo De Marchi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1249–1260, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1249-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1249-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our paper concerns the use of a dense network of low-cost seismic accelerometers in populated areas to achieve rapid and reliable estimation of exposure maps in Trentino (northeast Italy). These additional data, in conjunction with the automatic monitoring procedure, allow us to obtain dense measurements which only rely on actual recorded data, avoiding the use of ground motion prediction equations. This leads to a more reliable picture of the actual ground shaking.
Karina Loviknes, Fabrice Cotton, and Graeme Weatherill
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1223–1247, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1223-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1223-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquake ground shaking can be strongly affected by local geology and is often amplified by soft sediments. In this study, we introduce a global geomorphological model for sediment thickness as a protentional parameter for predicting this site amplification. The results show that including geology and geomorphology in site-amplification predictions adds important value and that global or regional models for sediment thickness from fields beyond engineering seismology are worth considering.
Khelly Shan Sta. Rita, Sotiris Valkaniotis, and Alfredo Mahar Francisco Lagmay
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1135–1161, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1135-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1135-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ground movement and rupture produced by the 2020 Masbate earthquake in the Philippines were studied using satellite data. We highlight the importance of the complementary use of optical and radar datasets. The slip measurements and field observations helped improve our understanding of the seismotectonics of the region, which is critical for seismic hazard studies.
Qing Wu, Guijuan Lai, Jian Wu, and Jinmeng Bi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1017–1033, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1017-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1017-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aftershocks are typically ignored for traditional probabilistic seismic hazard analyses, which underestimate the seismic hazard to some extent and may cause potential risks. A probabilistic seismic hazard analysis based on the Monte Carlo method was combined with the Omi–Reasenberg–Jones model to systematically study how aftershocks impact seismic hazard analyses. The influence of aftershocks on probabilistic seismic hazard analysis can exceed 50 %.
Lixin Wu, Xiao Wang, Yuan Qi, Jingchen Lu, and Wenfei Mao
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 773–789, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-773-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-773-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The atmospheric electric field (AEF) is the bridge connecting the surface charges and atmospheric particle changes before an earthquake, which is essential for the study of the coupling process between the coversphere and atmosphere caused by earthquakes. This study discovers AEF anomalies before the Luding earthquake in 2022 and clarifies the relationship between the surface changes and atmosphere changes possibly caused by the earthquake.
Polona Zupančič, Barbara Šket Motnikar, Michele M. C. Carafa, Petra Jamšek Rupnik, Mladen Živčić, Vanja Kastelic, Gregor Rajh, Martina Čarman, Jure Atanackov, and Andrej Gosar
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 651–672, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-651-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-651-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We considered two parameters that affect seismic hazard assessment in Slovenia. The first parameter we determined is the thickness of the lithosphere's section where earthquakes are generated. The second parameter is the activity of each fault, which is expressed by its average displacement per year (slip rate). Since the slip rate can be either seismic or aseismic, we estimated both components. This analysis was based on geological and seismological data and was validated through comparisons.
Morgan Vervoort, Katleen Wils, Kris Vanneste, Roberto Urrutia, Mario Pino, Catherine Kissel, Marc De Batist, and Maarten Van Daele
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-8, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-8, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study identified a prehistoric earthquake around 4400 years ago near the city of Coyhaique (Aysén Region, Chilean Patagonia) and illustrates the potential seismic hazard in the region. We found deposits in lakes and a fjord that can be related to subaquatic and onshore landslides, all with a similar age, indicating that they were most likely caused by an earthquake. Through modelling we found that this was a magnitude 5.6 to 6.8 earthquake on a fault near the city of Coyhaique.
Maren Böse, Laurentiu Danciu, Athanasios Papadopoulos, John Clinton, Carlo Cauzzi, Irina Dallo, Leila Mizrahi, Tobias Diehl, Paolo Bergamo, Yves Reuland, Andreas Fichtner, Philippe Roth, Florian Haslinger, Frédérick Massin, Nadja Valenzuela, Nikola Blagojević, Lukas Bodenmann, Eleni Chatzi, Donat Fäh, Franziska Glueer, Marta Han, Lukas Heiniger, Paulina Janusz, Dario Jozinović, Philipp Kästli, Federica Lanza, Timothy Lee, Panagiotis Martakis, Michèle Marti, Men-Andrin Meier, Banu Mena Cabrera, Maria Mesimeri, Anne Obermann, Pilar Sanchez-Pastor, Luca Scarabello, Nicolas Schmid, Anastasiia Shynkarenko, Bozidar Stojadinović, Domenico Giardini, and Stefan Wiemer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 583–607, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-583-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-583-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic hazard and risk are time dependent as seismicity is clustered and exposure can change rapidly. We are developing an interdisciplinary dynamic earthquake risk framework for advancing earthquake risk mitigation in Switzerland. This includes various earthquake risk products and services, such as operational earthquake forecasting and early warning. Standardisation and harmonisation into seamless solutions that access the same databases, workflows, and software are a crucial component.
Rimali Mitra, Hajime Naruse, and Tomoya Abe
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 429–444, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-429-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-429-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study estimates the behavior of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami from its deposit distributed in the Joban coastal area. In this study, the flow characteristics of the tsunami were reconstructed using the DNN (deep neural network) inverse model, suggesting that the tsunami inundation occurred in the very high-velocity condition.
Sedat İnan, Hasan Çetin, and Nurettin Yakupoğlu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 397–409, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-397-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-397-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Two devastating earthquakes, Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6, occurred in Türkiye on 6 February 2023. We obtained commercially bottled waters from two springs, 100 km from the epicenter of Mw 7.7. Samples of the first spring emanating from fault zone in hard rocks showed positive anomalies in major ions lasting for 6 months before the earthquake. Samples from the second spring accumulated in an alluvium deposit showed no anomalies. We show that pre-earthquake anomalies are geologically site-dependent.
Sylvain Michel, Clara Duverger, Laurent Bollinger, Jorge Jara, and Romain Jolivet
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 163–177, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-163-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-163-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Upper Rhine Graben, located in France and Germany, is bordered by north–south-trending faults, posing a potential threat to dense population and infrastructures on the Alsace plain. We build upon previous seismic hazard studies of the graben by exploring uncertainties in greater detail, revisiting a number of assumptions. There is a 99 % probability that a maximum-magnitude earthquake would be below 7.3 if assuming a purely dip-slip mechanism or below 7.6 if assuming a strike-slip one.
Melody Philippon, Jean Roger, Jean Frédéric Lebrun, Isabelle Thinon, Océane Foix, Stéphane Mazzotti, Marc-André Gutscher, Leny Montheil, and Jean-Jacques Cornée
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-222, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-222, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
Using novel geophysical datasets we reassess the slip rate of the Morne Piton Fault (Lesser Antilles) at 0.2 mm.yr-1, dividing by five previous estimations and thus increasing the earthquake time recurrence and lowering the associated hazard. We evaluate a plausible magnitude for a potential seismic event of Mw 6.5 ± 0.5. Our multi-segment tsunami model representative for the worst-case scenario gives an overview of tsunami generation if the whole Fault segments would ruptured together.
Edlira Xhafaj, Chung-Han Chan, and Kuo-Fong Ma
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 109–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-109-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-109-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study introduces new earthquake forecasting models for Albania, aiming to map out future seismic hazards. By analysing earthquakes from 1960 to 2006, we have developed models that predict where activity is most likely to occur, highlighting the western coast and southern regions as high-hazard zones. Our validation process confirms these models are effective tools for anticipating seismic events, offering valuable insights for earthquake preparedness and hazard assessment efforts.
Himanshu Agrawal and John McCloskey
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.169504548.82107207/v1, https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.169504548.82107207/v1, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Rapidly growing cities in earthquake-prone Global South regions lack seismic event records, hindering accurate ground motion predictions for hazard assessment. Our study shows that even with these limitations, it is possible to generate reasonable predictions of the spatial variability in expected ground motions using high-resolution local geological information and simulation-based methods. We emphasize that substantial investments in the measurement of subsurface properties can prove valuable.
Laurentiu Danciu, Domenico Giardini, Graeme Weatherill, Roberto Basili, Shyam Nandan, Andrea Rovida, Céline Beauval, Pierre-Yves Bard, Marco Pagani, Celso Guillermo Reyes, Karin Sesetyan, Susana Vilanova, Fabrice Cotton, and Stefan Wiemer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3062, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3062, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model (ESHM20) is the latest seismic hazard assessment update for the Euro-Mediterranean region. This state-of-the-art model delivers a broad range of hazard results, including hazard curves, maps, and uniform hazard spectra. ESHM20 provides two hazard maps as informative reference in the next update of the European Seismic Design Codes (CEN EC8) and it also provides a key input to the first earthquake risk model for Europe (Crowley et al., 2021).
Niranjan Joshi, Björn Lund, and Roland Roberts
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-213, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-213, 2023
Revised manuscript under review for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
Few large earthquakes and low occurrence rates makes seismic hazard assessment of Sweden a challenging task. Since 2000, expansion of the seismic network has improved the quality and quantity of the data recorded. We use this new data to estimate the Swedish seismic hazard using probabilistic methods. We find that hazard was previously underestimated in the north, which we find to have the highest hazard in Sweden with mean peak ground acceleration of up to 0.05 g for a 475 year return period.
Franz Livio, Maria Francesca Ferrario, Elisa Martinelli, Sahra Talamo, Silvia Cercatillo, and Alessandro Maria Michetti
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3407–3424, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3407-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3407-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Here we document the occurrence of an historical earthquake that occurred in the European western Southern Alps in the sixth century CE. Analysis of the effects due to earthquake shaking in the city of Como (N Italy) and a comparison with dated offshore landslides in the Alpine lakes allowed us to make an inference about the possible magnitude and the location of the seismic source for this event.
Graeme Weatherill, Fabrice Cotton, Guillaume Daniel, Irmela Zentner, Pablo Iturrieta, and Christian Bosse
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-98, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-98, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
New generations of seismic hazard models are developed with sophisticated approaches to quantify uncertainties in our knowledge of earthquake process. To understand why and how recent state-of-the-art seismic hazard models for France, Germany and Europe differ despite similar underlying assumptions, we present a systematic approach to investigate model-to-model differences and to quantify and visualise them while accounting for their respective uncertainties.
Simone Francesco Fornasari, Deniz Ertuncay, and Giovanni Costa
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3219–3234, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3219-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3219-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed the background seismic noise for the Italian strong motion network by developing the Italian accelerometric low- and high-noise models. Spatial and temporal variations of the noise levels have been analysed. Several stations located near urban areas are affected by human activities, with high noise levels in the low periods. Our results provide an overview of the background noise of the strong motion network and can be used as a station selection criterion for future research.
Subash Ghimire, Philippe Guéguen, Adrien Pothon, and Danijel Schorlemmer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3199–3218, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3199-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3199-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the efficacy of several machine learning models for damage characterization, trained and tested on the Database of Observed Damage (DaDO) for Italian earthquakes. Reasonable damage prediction effectiveness (68 % accuracy) is observed, particularly when considering basic structural features and grouping the damage according to the traffic-light-based system used during the post-disaster period (green, yellow, and red), showing higher relevancy for rapid damage prediction.
Ekbal Hussain, Endra Gunawan, Nuraini Rahma Hanifa, and Qori'atu Zahro
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3185–3197, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3185-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3185-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The earthquake potential of the Lembang Fault, located near the city of Bandung in West Java, Indonesia, is poorly understood. Bandung has a population of over 8 million people. We used satellite data to estimate the energy storage on the fault and calculate the likely size of potential future earthquakes. We use simulations to show that 1.9–2.7 million people would be exposed to high levels of ground shaking in the event of a major earthquake on the fault.
Roberto Basili, Laurentiu Danciu, Céline Beauval, Karin Sesetyan, Susana Pires Vilanova, Shota Adamia, Pierre Arroucau, Jure Atanackov, Stephane Baize, Carolina Canora, Riccardo Caputo, Michele Matteo Cosimo Carafa, Edward Marc Cushing, Susana Custódio, Mine Betul Demircioglu Tumsa, João C. Duarte, Athanassios Ganas, Julián García-Mayordomo, Laura Gómez de la Peña, Eulàlia Gràcia, Petra Jamšek Rupnik, Hervé Jomard, Vanja Kastelic, Francesco Emanuele Maesano, Raquel Martín-Banda, Sara Martínez-Loriente, Marta Neres, Hector Perea, Barbara Šket Motnikar, Mara Monica Tiberti, Nino Tsereteli, Varvara Tsironi, Roberto Vallone, Kris Vanneste, Polona Zupančič, and Domenico Giardini
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-118, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-118, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the European Fault-Source Model 2020 (EFSM20), a dataset of 1,248 geologic crustal faults and four subduction systems, each having the necessary parameters to forecast long-term earthquake occurrences in the European continent. This dataset constituted one of the main inputs for the recently released European Seismic Hazard Model 2020, a key instrument to mitigate seismic risk in Europe. EFSM20 adopts recognized open-standard formats, and it is openly accessible and reusable.
Huaiqun Zhao, Wenkai Chen, Can Zhang, and Dengjie Kang
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3031–3050, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3031-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3031-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Early emergency response requires improving the utilization value of the data available in the early post-earthquake period. We proposed a method for assessing seismic intensities by analyzing early aftershock sequences using the robust locally weighted regression program. The seismic intensity map evaluated by the method can reflect the range of the hardest-hit areas and the spatial distribution of the possible property damage and casualties caused by the earthquake.
Ann Elizabeth Morey and Chris Goldfinger
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2277419/v2, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2277419/v2, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses the characteristics from a deposit attributed to the 1700 CE Cascadia earthquake to identify other subduction earthquake deposits in sediments from two lakes located near the California/Oregon border. Seven deposits were identified in these records and an age-depth model suggests that these correlate in time to the largest Cascadia earthquakes preserved in the offshore record suggesting that inland lakes can be good recorders of Cascadia earthquakes.
Asim M. Khawaja, Behnam Maleki Asayesh, Sebastian Hainzl, and Danijel Schorlemmer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2683–2696, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2683-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2683-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Testing of earthquake forecasts is important for model verification. Forecasts are usually spatially discretized with many equal-sized grid cells, but often few earthquakes are available for evaluation, leading to meaningless tests. Here, we propose solutions to improve the testability of earthquake forecasts and give a minimum ratio between the number of earthquakes and spatial cells for significant tests. We show applications of the proposed technique for synthetic and real case studies.
Athanasios N. Papadopoulos, Philippe Roth, Laurentiu Danciu, Paolo Bergamo, Francesco Panzera, Donat Fäh, Carlo Cauzzi, Blaise Duvernay, Alireza Khodaverdian, Pierino Lestuzzi, Ömer Odabaşi, Ettore Fagà, Paolo Bazzurro, Michèle Marti, Nadja Valenzuela, Irina Dallo, Nicolas Schmid, Philip Kästli, Florian Haslinger, and Stefan Wiemer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1504, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1504, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Earthquake Risk Model of Switzerland (ERM-CH23), released in early 2023, is the culmination of a multidisciplinary effort aiming to achieve, for the first time, a comprehensive assessment of the potential consequences of earthquakes on the Swiss building stock and population. ERM-CH23 provides risk estimates for various impact metrics, ranging from economic loss as a result of damage to buildings and their contents, to human losses, such as deaths, injuries and displaced population.
Lukas Bodenmann, Jack W. Baker, and Božidar Stojadinović
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2387–2402, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2387-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2387-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding spatial patterns in earthquake-induced ground motions is key for assessing the seismic risk of distributed infrastructure systems. To study such patterns, we propose a novel model that accounts for spatial proximity, as well as site and path effects, and estimate its parameters from past earthquake data by explicitly quantifying the inherent uncertainties.
José A. Álvarez-Gómez, Paula Herrero-Barbero, and José J. Martínez-Díaz
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2031–2052, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2031-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2031-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The strike-slip Carboneras fault is one of the largest sources in the Alboran Sea, with it being one of the faster faults in the eastern Betics. The dimensions and location of the Carboneras fault imply a high seismic and tsunami threat. In this work, we present tsunami simulations from sources generated with physics-based earthquake simulators. We show that the Carboneras fault has the capacity to generate locally damaging tsunamis with inter-event times between 2000 and 6000 years.
Antonio Posadas, Denisse Pasten, Eugenio E. Vogel, and Gonzalo Saravia
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1911–1920, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1911-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1911-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we understand an earthquake from a thermodynamics point of view as an irreversible transition; then it must suppose an increase in entropy. We use > 100 000 earthquakes in northern Chile to test the theory that Shannon entropy, H, is an indicator of the equilibrium state. Using variation in H, we were able to detect major earthquakes and their foreshocks and aftershocks, including the 2007 Mw 7.8 Tocopilla earthquake and 2014 Mw 8.1 Iquique earthquake.
Dirsa Feliciano, Orlando Arroyo, Tamara Cabrera, Diana Contreras, Jairo Andrés Valcárcel Torres, and Juan Camilo Gómez Zapata
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1863–1890, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1863-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1863-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents the number of damaged buildings and estimates the economic losses from a set of earthquakes in Sabana Centro, a region of 11 towns in Colombia.
Andrea Antonucci, Andrea Rovida, Vera D'Amico, and Dario Albarello
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1805–1816, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1805-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1805-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The earthquake effects undocumented at 228 Italian localities were calculated through a probabilistic approach starting from the values obtained through the use of an intensity prediction equation, taking into account the intensity data documented at close localities for a given earthquake. The results showed some geographical dependencies and correlations with the intensity levels investigated.
Yi-Ying Wen, Chien-Chih Chen, Strong Wen, and Wei-Tsen Lu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1835–1846, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1835-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1835-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Knowing the spatiotemporal seismicity patterns prior to impending large earthquakes might help earthquake hazard assessment. Several recent moderate earthquakes occurred in the various regions of Taiwan, which help to further investigate the spatiotemporal seismic pattern related to the regional tectonic stress. We should pay attention when a seismicity decrease of 2.5 < M < 4.5 events around the southern Central Range or an accelerating seismicity of 3 < M < 5 events appears in central Taiwan.
Luca Schilirò, Mauro Rossi, Federica Polpetta, Federica Fiorucci, Carolina Fortunato, and Paola Reichenbach
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1789–1804, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1789-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1789-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a database of the main scientific articles published on earthquake-triggered landslides in the last 4 decades. To enhance data viewing, the articles were catalogued into a web-based GIS, which was specifically designed to show different types of information, such as bibliometric information, the relevant topic and sub-topic category (or categories), and earthquake(s) addressed. Such information can be useful to obtain a general overview of the topic, especially for a broad readership.
Simone Barani, Gabriele Ferretti, and Davide Scafidi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1685–1698, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1685-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1685-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the present study, we analyze ground-motion hazard maps and hazard disaggregation in order to define areas in Italy where liquefaction triggering due to seismic activity can not be excluded. The final result is a screening map for all of Italy that classifies sites in terms of liquefaction triggering potential according to their seismic hazard level. The map and the associated data are freely accessible at the following web address: www.distav.unige.it/rsni/milq.php.
Midhat Fayaz, Shakil A. Romshoo, Irfan Rashid, and Rakesh Chandra
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1593–1611, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1593-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1593-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquakes cause immense loss of lives and damage to properties, particularly in major urban centres. The city of Srinagar, which houses around 1.5 million people, is susceptible to high seismic hazards due to its peculiar geological setting, urban setting, demographic profile, and tectonic setting. Keeping in view all of these factors, the present study investigates the earthquake vulnerability of buildings in Srinagar, an urban city in the northwestern Himalayas, India.
Mathilde B. Sørensen, Torbjørn Haga, and Atle Nesje
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1577–1592, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1577-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1577-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Most Norwegian landslides are triggered by rain or snowmelt, and earthquakes have not been considered a relevant trigger mechanism even though some cases have been reported. Here we systematically search historical documents and databases and find 22 landslides induced by eight large Norwegian earthquakes. The Norwegian earthquakes induce landslides at distances and over areas that are much larger than those found for global datasets.
Chiara Varone, Gianluca Carbone, Anna Baris, Maria Chiara Caciolli, Stefania Fabozzi, Carolina Fortunato, Iolanda Gaudiosi, Silvia Giallini, Marco Mancini, Luca Paolella, Maurizio Simionato, Pietro Sirianni, Rose Line Spacagna, Francesco Stigliano, Daniel Tentori, Luca Martelli, Giuseppe Modoni, and Massimiliano Moscatelli
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1371–1382, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1371-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1371-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In 2012, Italy was struck by a seismic crisis characterized by two main shocks and relevant liquefaction events. Terre del Reno is one of the municipalities that experienced the most extensive liquefaction effects; thus it was chosen as case study for a project devoted to defining a new methodology to assess the liquefaction susceptibility. In this framework, about 1800 geotechnical, geophysical, and hydrogeological investigations were collected and stored in the publicly available PERL dataset.
Samuel Roeslin, Quincy Ma, Pavan Chigullapally, Joerg Wicker, and Liam Wotherspoon
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1207–1226, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1207-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1207-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a new framework for the rapid seismic loss prediction for residential buildings in Christchurch, New Zealand. The initial model was trained on insurance claims from the Canterbury earthquake sequence. Data science techniques, geospatial tools, and machine learning were used to develop the prediction model, which also delivered useful insights. The model can rapidly be updated with data from new earthquakes. It can then be applied to predict building loss in Christchurch.
Sasan Motaghed, Mozhgan Khazaee, Nasrollah Eftekhari, and Mohammad Mohammadi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1117–1124, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1117-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1117-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We modify the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) formulation by replacing the Gutenberg–Richter power law with the SCP (Sotolongo-Costa and Posadas) non-extensive model for earthquake size distribution and call it NEPSHA. The proposed method (NEPSHA) is implemented in the Tehran region, and the results are compared with the classic PSHA method. The hazard curves show that NEPSHA gives a higher hazard, especially in the range of practical return periods.
Paola Sbarra, Pierfrancesco Burrato, Valerio De Rubeis, Patrizia Tosi, Gianluca Valensise, Roberto Vallone, and Paola Vannoli
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1007–1028, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1007-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1007-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquakes are fundamental for understanding how the earth works and for assessing seismic risk. We can easily measure the magnitude and depth of today's earthquakes, but can we also do it for pre-instrumental ones? We did it by analyzing the decay of earthquake effects (on buildings, people, and objects) with epicentral distance. Our results may help derive data that would be impossible to obtain otherwise, for any country where the earthquake history extends for centuries, such as Italy.
Haekal A. Haridhi, Bor Shouh Huang, Kuo Liang Wen, Arif Mirza, Syamsul Rizal, Syahrul Purnawan, Ilham Fajri, Frauke Klingelhoefer, Char Shine Liu, Chao Shing Lee, Crispen R. Wilson, Tso-Ren Wu, Ichsan Setiawan, and Van Bang Phung
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 507–523, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-507-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-507-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Near the northern end of Sumatra, the horizontal movement Sumatran fault zone extended to its northern offshore. The movement of offshore fault segments trigger submarine landslides and induce tsunamis. Scenarios of a significant tsunami caused by the combined effect of an earthquake and its triggered submarine landslide at the coast were proposed in this study. Based on our finding, the landslide tsunami hazard assessment and early warning systems in this region should be urgently considered.
Lixin Wu, Yuan Qi, Wenfei Mao, Jingchen Lu, Yifan Ding, Boqi Peng, and Busheng Xie
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 231–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-231-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-231-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Multiple seismic anomalies were reported to be related to the 2015 Nepal earthquake. By sufficiently investigating both the space–time features and the physical models of the seismic anomalies, the coupling mechanisms of these anomalies in 3D space were revealed and an integrated framework to strictly root the sources of various anomalies was proposed. This study provides a practical solution for scrutinizing reliable seismic anomalies from diversified earthquake observations.
David Montiel-López, Sergio Molina, Juan José Galiana-Merino, and Igor Gómez
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 91–106, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-91-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-91-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
One of the most effective ways to describe the seismicity of a region is to map the b-value parameter of the Gutenberg-Richter law. This research proposes the study of the spatial cell-event distance distribution to define the smoothing kernel that controls the influence of the data. The results of this methodology depict tectonic stress changes before and after intense earthquakes happen, so it could enable operational earthquake forecasting (OEF) and tectonic source profiling.
Pierre Henry, M. Sinan Özeren, Nurettin Yakupoğlu, Ziyadin Çakir, Emmanuel de Saint-Léger, Olivier Desprez de Gésincourt, Anders Tengberg, Cristele Chevalier, Christos Papoutsellis, Nazmi Postacıoğlu, Uğur Dogan, Hayrullah Karabulut, Gülsen Uçarkuş, and M. Namık Çağatay
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3939–3956, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3939-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3939-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Seafloor instruments at the bottom of the Sea of Marmara recorded disturbances caused by earthquakes, addressing the minimum magnitude that may be recorded in the sediment. A magnitude 4.7 earthquake caused turbidity but little current. A magnitude 5.8 earthquake caused a mudflow and strong currents that spread sediment on the seafloor over several kilometers. However, most known earthquake deposits in the Sea of Marmara spread over larger zones and should correspond to larger earthquakes.
Nicola Alessandro Pino
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3787–3792, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3787-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3787-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The 1908 Messina Straits earthquake is one of the most severe seismic catastrophes in human history and is periodically back in the public discussion because of a project of building a bridge across the Straits. Some models proposed for the fault assume precursory subsidence preceding the quake, resulting in a structure significantly different from the previously debated ones and important hazard implications. The analysis of the historical sea level data allows the rejection of this hypothesis.
Cited articles
Alghannam, M., Juanes, R.: Understanding rate effects in injection-induced
earthquakes, Nat. Commun., 11, 3053, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16860-y, 2020.
Baisch, S., Weidler, R., Vörös, R., Wyborn, D., and Graaf, L. D.:
Induced seismicity during the stimulation of a geothermal HFR reservoir in
the Cooper Basin, Australia, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 96,2242-2256, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050255, 2006.
Bear, J.: Hydraulics of Groundwater, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, ISBN 0-07-004170-9, 1979.
Bromley, C. J., Pearson, C. F., Rigor, D. M., and PNOC-EDC.: Micoearthquakes at the puhagan geothermal field, Philippines-A case of induced seismicity,
J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 31, 293–311, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(87)90073-4, 1987.
Butler, R., Stewart, G. S., and Kanamori, H.: The July 27, 1976 Tangshan,
China earthquake-A complex sequence of intraplate events, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 69, 207–220, 1979.
Byerlee, J.D.: Friction of rocks, Pure Appl. Geophys., 116, 615–626, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00876528, 1978.
Cao, K. X.: Geological characteristics and stimulation technologies
optimization for gneiss reservoir, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, CNKI:CDMD:2.1018.700257, 2016.
Cappa, F., Guglielmi, Y., Nussbaum, C., and Birkholzer, J.: On the relationship between fault permeability increases, induced stress
perturbation, and the growth of aseismic slip during fluid injection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080233, 2018.
Carpenter, B. M., Saffer, D. M., and Marone, C.: Frictional properties and
sliding stability of the San Andreas fault from deep drill core, Geology, 40, 759–762, https://doi.org/10.1130/G33007.1, 2012.
Catalli, F., Meier, M. A., and Wiemer, S.: The role of Coulomb stress changes
for injection-induced seismicity: The Basel enhanced geothermal system,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 72–77, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL054147, 2013.
Chen, Y. K., Liu, F., Yuan, D., Li, W. D., Yang, X. L., and Gao, W. P.: Seismic risk quantitative evaluation on blind faults in Tianjin area, Seismol. Geol., 32, 138–149, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2010.01.014, 2010.
Chen, Y. T., Huang, L. R., Lin, B. H., Liu, M. L., and Wang, X. H.: A dislocation model of the Tangshan earthquake of 1976 from the inversion of geodetic data, Acta Geophys. Sin., 22, 201–217, 1979.
Cheng, A.: Poroelasticity, Springer Nature, ISSN 0924-6118, 2016.
Deichmann, N. and Giardini, D.: Earthquakes induced by the stimulation of an Enhanced Geothermal System below Basel (Switzerland), Seismol. Res. Lett., 80, 784–798, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.80.5.784, 2009.
Dong, X. Z.: Meso-Cenozoic structural features and evolution of Laoting
depression and its surrounding areas, China University of Geosciences for Master Degree, Beijing, 2011.
Dreger, D. and Helmberger, D.: Source parameters of the Sierra Madre
earthquake from regional and local body waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 2015–2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/91GL02366, 1991.
Du, H., Wang, J., Zhu Y. J., Wang, D. W., Xiao, F., and Xu, N.: Temporal and
spatial variation characteristics of b value of Tangshan Ms 5.1
earthquake in 2020, N. China Earthq. Sci., 39, 92–98,
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1003-1375.2021.03.014, 2021.
Ellsworth, W. L.: Injection-induced earthquakes, Science, 341, 1225942,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1225942, 2013.
Evans, K. F., Zappone, A., Kraft, T., Deichmann, N., and Moia, F.: A survey
of the induced seismic responses to fluid injection in geothermal and
CO2 reservoirs in Europe, Geothermics, 41, 30–54,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2011.08.002, 2012.
Fan, W. J., Cui, X. F., Hu, X. P., and Chen, J. W.: Focal mechanism solutions
and spatio-temporal variations of the present tectonic stress field in Capital Circle region, Acta Seismol. Sin., 41, 33–45, https://doi.org/10.11939/jass.20180064, 2019.
Feng, C. J., Zhang, P., Meng, J., Qi, B. S., Qin, X. H., Niu, L. L., Sun, D. S., Sun, W. F., Tan, C. X., and Chen, Q. C.: In situ stress measurement at deep boreholes along the Tanlu fault zone and its seismological and geological significance, Prog. Geophys., 32, 946–967,
https://doi.org/10.6038/pg20170302, 2017.
Feng, C. J., Qi, B. S., Wang, X. S., Zhang, P., Sun, M. Q., Meng, J., Tan, C. X., and Chen, Q. C.: Study of fault activity risk in typical strong seismic
regions in northern China by in-situ stress measurements and the influence
on the Xiong'an New Area, Earth Sci. Front., 26, 170–190,
https://doi.org/10.13745/j.esf.sf.2019.4.17, 2019.
Feng, C. J., Yang, Y. H., Ma, X. D., Qi, B. S., Zhang, P., Meng, J., Tan, C. X., and Chen, Q. C.: Local stress perturbations associated with the 2008 Wenchuan M 8.0 earthquake near the Longmenshan fault zone in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, J. Asian Earth Sci., 200, 104429,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104429, 2020.
Galis, M., Ampuero, J. P., Mai, P. M., and Cappa, F.: Induced seismicity
provides insight into why earthquake ruptures stop, Sci. Adv., 3, 7528, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aap7528, 2017.
Gao, K. and Harrison, P. J.: Generation of random stress tensors, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 97, 18–26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2016.12.011, 2017.
Gao, Z. W., Xu, J., Song, C. Q., and Sun, J. B.: The segmental character of
Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault, N. China Earthq. Sci., 19, 35–54, 2001.
Gaucher, E., Schoenball, M., Heidbach, O., Zang, A., Fokker, P., van Wees,
J. D., and Kohl, T.: Induced seismicity in geothermal reservoirs: a review of
forecasting approaches, Renew. Sustain. Energ. Rev., 52, 1473–1490, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.08.026, 2015.
Gephart, J. W. and Forsyth, D.: An improved method for determining the
regional stress tensor using earthquake focal mechanism data: Application to
the San Fernando earthquake sequence, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 89, 9305–9320, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB11p09305, 1984.
Ghassemi, A. and Tao, Q.: Thermo-poroelastic effects on reservoir seismicity and permeability change, Geothermics, 63, 210–224,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2016.02.006, 2016.
Goebel, T. H. W. and Brodsky, E. E.: The spatial footprint of injection wells
in a global compilation of induced earthquake sequences, Science, 361,
899–904, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat5449, 2018.
Goebel, T. H. W., Weingarten, M., Chen, X., Haffener, J., and Brodsky, E. E.:
The 2016 Mw 5.1 Fairview, Oklahoma earthquakes: Evidence for long-range poroelastic triggering at >40 km from fluid disposal wells,
Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 472, 50–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.05.011, 2017.
Grigoli, F., Cesca, S., Rinaldi, A. P., Manconi, A., López-Comino, J. A.,
Clinton, J. F., Westaway, R., Cauzzi, C., Dahm, T., and Wiemer, S.: The
November 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang earthquake: A possible case of induced seismicity in South Korea, Science, 360, 1003–1006,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat2010, 2018.
Guo, H. and Zhao, J. X.: The surface rupture zone and paleoseismic evidence
on the seismogenic fault of the 1976 Ms 7.8 Tangshan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 327, 297–306, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.11.006, 2019.
Guo, H., Jiang, W. L., and Xie, X. S.: Late-Quaternary strong earthquakes on
the seismogenic fault of the 1976 Ms 7.8 Tangshan earthquake, Hebei, as revealed by drilling and trenching, Sci. China Earth Sci., 41, 1009–1028, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-011-4218-x, 2011.
Guo, S. M., Li, Z. Y., Cheng, S. P., Chen, X. C., Chen, X. D., Yang, Z. E., and Li, R. C.: Discussion on the regional structural background and the
seismogenic model of the Tangshan earthquake, Sci. Geol. Sin., 4, 305–321, 1977.
Hao, S. J., Li, J. H., Yu, Z. S., and Chu, B. G.: Shallow seismic exploration of the seismogenic structures of Tangshan earthquake, Earthq. Res. China, 14, 78–84, 1998.
Häring, M. O., Schanz, U., Ladner, F., and Dyer, B. C.: Characterisation
of the Basel 1 enhanced geothermal system, Geothermics, 37, 469–495,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2008.06.002, 2008.
Healy, J. H., Rubey, W. W., Griggs, D. T., and Raleith, C.: The Denver
earthquakes, Science, 161, 1301–1310, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.161.3848.1301, 1968.
Henderson, J. R., Barton, D. J., and Foulger, G. R.: Fractal clustering of
induced seismicity in the Geysers geothermal area, California, Geophys. J. Int., 139, 317–324, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.1999.00939.x, 1999.
Hennings, P. H., Lund Snee, J. E., Osmond, J. L., DeShon, H. R., Dommisse, R., Horne, E., Lemons, C., and Zoback, M. D.: Injection-induced seismicity and fault-slip potential in the Fort Worth Basin, Texas, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 109, 1615–1634, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120190017, 2019.
Hergert, T. and Heidbach, O.: Geomechanical model of the Marmara Sea
region-II.3-D contemporary background stress field, Geophys. J. Int., 185, 1090–1102, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.04992.x, 2011.
Hickman, S. and Zoback, M. D.: Stress orientations and magnitudes in the
SAFOD pilot hole, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L15S12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020043, 2004.
Hsieh, P. A. and Bredehoeft, J. D.: A reservoir analysis of the Denver
earthquakes: A case of induced seismicity, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 903–920, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB02p00903, 1981.
Huang, B. S. and Yeong, T. Y.: The fault ruptures of the 1976 Tangshan
earthquake sequence inferred from coseismic crustal deformation, Bull.
Seismol. Soc. Am., 87, 1046–1057, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB03669, 1997.
Huang, J. C. and Wan, Y. G.: Present tectonic stress field in the capital
region of China determined from small and strong earthquake focal mechanisms, Earthquake, 35, 17–27, 2015.
Huang, L. Y., Yang, S. X., Cui, X. F., Chen, Q. C., and Yao, R.: Analysis of
characteristics of measured stress and stability of faults in North China,
Rock Soil Mech., 34, 204–213, 2013.
Hubbert, M. K. and Rubey, W. W.: Role of fluid pressure in mechanics of
overthrust faulting: 1. Mechanics of fluid-filled porous solids and its
application to overthrust faulting, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 70, 115–166, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[115:ROFPIM]2.0.CO;2, 1959.
Hunt, T. M. and Latter, J. H.: A survey of seismic activity near Wairakei
geothermal field, New Zealand, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 14, 319–334, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(82)90068-3, 1982.
Jaeger, J. C., Cook, N. G. W., and Zimmerman, R. W.: Fundamentals of Rock
Mechanics, 4th Edn., Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 978-3-211-81164-1, 2007.
Jiang, W. L.: Discussion on seismogenic fault of the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, Seismol. Geol., 28, 312–318, 2006.
Keranen, K. M., Weingarten, M. W., Abers, G. A., Bekins, B. A., and Ge, S.:
Sharp increase in central Oklahoma seismicity since 2008 induced by massive
wastewater injection, Science, 345, 448–451, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255802, 2014.
Kim, K. H., Ree, J. H., Kim, Y. H., Kim, S. S., Kang, S. Y., and Seo, W.:
Assessing whether the 2017 Mw 5.4 Pohang earthquake in South Korea was an induced event, Science, 360, 1007–1009,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat6081, 2018.
Kim, W. Y.: Induced seismicity associated with fluid injection into a deep
well in Youngstown, Ohio, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 118, 3506–3518, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrb.50247, 2013.
Langenbruch, C. and Shapiro, S. A.: Quantitative analysis of rock stress
heterogeneity: Implications for the seismogenesis of fluid-injection-induced
seismicity, Geophysics, 80, WC73–WC88, https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0061.1, 2015.
Lee, H. and Ong, S. H.: Estimation of in situ stresses with Hydro-fracturing
tests and a statistical method, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 51, 779–799, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1349-1, 2018.
Lee, K. K., Ellsworth, W. L., Giardini, D., Townend, J., Ge, S. M., Toshihiko, S., Yeo, I. W., Kang, T. S., Junkee, R., Sheen, D. H., Chang, C. D., Woo, J. U., and Langenbruch, C.: Managing injection-induced seismic risks, Science, 364, 730–732, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax1878, 2019.
Lei, X. L., Huang, D. J., Su, J. R., Jiang, G. M., Wang, X. L., Wang, H., Guo, X., and Fu, H.: Fault reactivation and earthquakes with magnitudes of up to Mw 4.7 induced by shale-gas hydraulic fracturing in Sichuan Basin, China, Scient. Rep., 7, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08557-y,
2017.
Li, J. H., Hao, S. J., Hu, Y. T., Yu, Z. S., and Chu, B. G.: A study on activity of the seismogenic fault for the Tangshan earthquake of 1976, Seismol. Geol., 20, 27–33,1998.
Li, P., Cai, M. F., Miao, S. J., and Guo, Q. F.: New insights into the current stress field around the Yishu fault zone, eastern China, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 52, 4133–4145, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-019-01792-x, 2019.
Li, Q. Z., Zhang, Z. L., Jin, Y. M., Yu, X. C., and Li, Z. Y.: Focal mechanisms of Tangshan earthquakes, Seismol. Geol., 2, 59–67, 1980.
Li, S. X., Liu, B. H., Hua, Q. F., Zhao, Y. X., and Liu, C. G.: Characters of the Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault zone activity in the Bohai Sea since late
Quaternary, Adv. Mar. Sci., 27, 332–341, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1874-8651(10)60080-4, 2009.
Li, W. J., Wang, P. D., and Chen, Q. F.: Moment tensor inversion of focal
mechanism for the aftershock sequence of 1982 Lulong Ms 6.1 earthquake, Acta Seismol. Sin., 19, 115–122, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11589-002-0115-x, 2006.
Li, Y. L. and Dong, Y. X.: Influence of reserved stope roof thickness on its
stability in the Macheng iron mine, Hydrogeol. Eng. Geol., 40, 79–82, https://doi.org/10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.2013.02.017, 2013.
Li, Z. W., Ni, S. D., Roecker, S., Bao, F., Wei, X., and Yuen, D. A.: Seismic
imaging of source region in the 1976 Ms 7.8 Tangshan earthquake sequence and its implications for the seismogenesis of intraplate earthquakes, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 108, 1302–1313, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120170389, 2018.
Lin, X. D., Yuan, H. Y., Xu, P., Yang, X., Xu, Z. G., Sun, H. X., Hou, L. J., Xu, S. T., and Xi, C. X.: Zonational characteristics of earthquake focal mechanism solutions in North China, Chin. J. Geophys., 60, 4589–4622,
https://doi.org/10.6038/cjg20171206, 2017.
Liu, B. J., Qu, G. S., Sun, M. X., Liu, K., Zhao, C. B., Xu, X. W., Feng, S. Y., and Kou, K. P.: Crustal structures and tectonics of Tangshan earthquake area: results from deep seismic reflection profiling, Seismol. Geol., 33,
901–912, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2011.04.014, 2011.
Liu, H. Y., Chen, Y. K., Yan, C. G., and Fei, Y.: Seismic risk evaluation on
blind faults in Tianjin offshore areas, Technol. Earthq. Disast. Prevent., 8, 146–155, 2013.
Lund Snee, J. E. and Zoback, M. D.: State of stress in Texas: Implications for induced sesimicity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070974, 2016.
Lund Snee, J. E. and Zoback, M. D.: State of stress in the Permian Basin,
Texas and New Mexico: Implications for induced seismicity, Lead. Edge, 37, 127–134, https://doi.org/10.1190/tle37020127.1, 2018.
McGarr, A.: Maximum magnitude earthquakes induced by fluid injection, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 119, 1008–1019, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010597, 2014.
McGarr, A., Bekins, B., Burkardt, N., Dewey, J., Earle, P., Ellsworth, W. L.,
Ge, S., Hickman, S., Holland, A., Majer, E., Rubinstein, J., and Sheehan, A.: Coping with earthquakes induced by fluid injection, Science, 347, 830–831, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa0494, 2015.
McTigue, D. F.: Flow to a heated borehole in porous, thermoelastic rock:
Analysis, Water Resour. Res., 26, 1763–1774, https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(91)92334-U, 1990.
Michael, A. J.: Use of focal mechanisms to determine stress: a control study,
J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 92, 357–368, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB01p00357, 1984.
Minson, S. E. and Dreger, D. S.: Stable inversions for complete moment tensors, Geophys. J. Int., 174, 585–592, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03797.x, 2008.
Moeck, I., Kwiatek, G., and Zimmermann, G.: Slip tendency analysis, fault
reactivation potential and induced seismicity in a deep geothermal
reservoir, J. Struct. Geol., 31, 1174–1182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2009.06.012, 2009.
Murphy, H., Brown, D., Jung, R., Matsunaga, I., and Parker, R.: Hydraulics
and well testing of engineered geothermal reservoirs, Geothermics, 28,
491–506, https://doi.org/10.2174/157019308786242197, 1999.
Nábělek, J., Chen, W. P., and Ye, H.: The Tangshan earthquake sequence and its implications for the evolution of the North China Basin, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 12615–12628, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB12p12615, 1987.
Nagano, K., Moriya, H., Asanuma, H., Sato, M., Niitsuma, H., and Kaieda, H.:
Down-hole acoustic emission measurement of hydraulic fracturing in Ogachi
HDR model field, J. Geoth. Res. Soc. Jpn., 16, 85–108, https://doi.org/10.11367/grsj1979.16.85, 1994.
National Earthquake Data Center: Official earthquake catalogue, National Earthquake Data Center, China [data set], https://data.earthquake.cn/datashare/report.shtml?PAGEID=earthquake_zhengshi, last access: 15 May 2022.
Niu, L. L., Du, J. J., Feng, C. J., Meng, W., Li, G. Q., and Chen, Q. C: In-situ stress measurement of deep borehole in east of Hebei and its significance, Acta Seisml. Sin., 37, 89–102, https://doi.org/10.11939/jass.2015.01.008, 2015.
Papadopulos, I. S.: Nonsteady flow to multiaquifer wells, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 4791–4797, https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ071i020p04791, 1966.
Peng, Y. Q. and Meng, L. P.: Seismic structures of Hebei province, China, The
Hebei people's Publishing House, ISBN 978-7-202-12269-3, 2017.
Qi, X. F., Shangguan, S. T., Zhang, G. B., Pan, M. M., Su, Y., Tian, L. L., Li, X., and Zhang, J. Y.: Site selection and developmental prospect of a hot dry rock resource project in the Matouying Uplift, Hebei Province, Earth Sci. Front., 27, 94–102, https://doi.org/10.13745/j.esf.2020.1.11, 2020.
Qin, X. H., Zhang, P., Feng, C. J., Sun, W. F., Tan, C. X., Chen, Q. C., and
Peng, Y. R.: In situ stress measurements and slip stability of major faults in Beijing region, China, Chin. J. Geophys., 57, 2165–2180,
https://doi.org/10.1002/cjg2.20113, 2014.
Qin, X. H., Chen, Q. C., Wu, M. L., Tan, C. X., Feng, C. J., and Meng, W.: In-situ stress measurements along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault after the Wenchuan earthquake, Eng. Geol., 194, 114–122, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.04.029, 2015.
Qiu, Z. H., Ma, J., and Liu, G. X.: Discovery of the great fault of the
Tangshan earthquake, Seismol. Geol., 27, 669–677, 2005.
Raleigh, C. B., Healy, J. H., and Bredehoeft, J. D.: An experiment in
earthquake control at Rangely, Colorado, Science, 191, 1230–1237,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.191.4233.1230, 1976.
Ran, Z. J., Yang, Q. Y., Lv, G. J., Luo, Y. X., and Peng, Y. Q.: The preliminary study of the faults nearby Luanxian County, N. China Earthq. Sci., 31, 8–12, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1003-1375.2013.02.002, 2013.
Rutledge, J. T., Phillips, W. S., and Mayerhofer, M. J.: Faulting induced by
forced fluid injection and fluid flow forced by faulting: An interpretation
of hydraulic-fracture microseismicity, Carthage Cotton Valley Gas field,
Texas, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 94, 1817–1830, https://doi.org/10.1785/012003257, 2004.
Sanyal, S. K. and Butler, S. J.: An analysis of power generation prospects
from enhanced geothermal systems, in: Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005, Antalya, Turkey, 24–29, 2005.
Segall, P. and Fitzgerald, S. D.: A note on induced stress changes in
hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs, Tectonophysics, 289, 117–128,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00311-9, 1998.
Shapiro, S. A., Rentsch, S., and Rothert, E.: Characterization of hydraulic
properties of rocks using probability of fluid-induced microearthquakes,
Geophysics, 70, F27–F33, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1897030, 2005.
Shapiro, S. A., Dinske, C., and Langenbruch, C.: Seismogenic index and
magnitude probability of earthquakes induced during reservoir fluid
stimulations, Lead. Edge, 29, 304–309, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3353727, 2010.
Shedlock, K. M., Baranowski, J., Xiao, W., and Hu, X. L.: The Tangshan
aftershock sequence, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 2791–2803, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB03p02791, 1987.
Simiyu, S. M.: Induced micro-seismicity during well discharge, Geothermics,
28, 785–802, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6505(99)00043-7, 1999.
Simpson, R. W.: Quantifying Anderson's fault types, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 102, 17909–17919, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB01274, 1997.
Snoke, J. A.: Traveltime tables for iasp91 and ak135, Seismol. Res. Lett., 80, 260–262, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.80.2.260, 2009.
Stanford Center for Induced and Triggered Seismicity: Fault Slip Potential (FSP), https://scits.stanford.edu/fault-slip-potential-fsp, last access: 7 January 2020.
Tan, C. X., Zhang, P., Feng, C. J., Qin, X. H., Sun, W. F., Chen, Q. C., and Wu, M. L.: An approach to deep borehole crustal stress measuring and real-time monitoring and its application in seismogeology research in Capital Beijing region, Acta Geolog. Sin., 88, 1436–1452, 2014.
Tan, C. X., Hu, Q. Y., Zhang, P., Feng, C. J., and Qin, X. H.: Present tectonic stress adjustment process before and after Japan Mw 9.0 earthquake in North and Northeast China and its research significance, Earth Sci. Front., 22, 345–359, https://doi.org/10.13745/j.esf.2015.01.030, 2015.
Terakawa, T., Miller, S. A., and Deichmann, N.: High fluid pressure and
triggered earthquakes in the enhanced geothermal system in Basel, Switzerland, J. Geophys. Res., 117, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008980, 2012.
Tharaka, D. R., Wu, W., Ji, Y. L., and Ranjith, P. G.: Understanding
injection-induced seismicity in enhanced geothermal systems: From the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical process to anthropogenic earthquakes prediction, Earth-Sci. Rev., 205, 103182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103182, 2020.
Townend, J. and Zoback, M. D.: How faulting keeps the crust strong, Geology, 28, 399–402, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<399:HFKTCS>2.0.CO;2, 2000.
Van der Elst, N. J., Page, M. T., Weiser, D. A., Goebel, T. H. W., and
Hosseini, S. M.: Induced earthquake magnitudes are as large as (statistically) expected, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 121, 4575–4590,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB012818, 2016.
Vavryčuk, V.: Iterative joint inversion for stress and fault orientations from focal mechanisms, Geophys. J. Int., 199, 69–77, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu224, 2014.
Vavryčuk, V.: STRESSINVERSE package: joint inversion for stress and fault orientations from focal mechanisms, Institute of Geophysics of the Czech Acadmy os Sciences [code],
http://www.ig.cas.cz/stress-inverse, 30 June 2022.
Verberne, B. A., He, C. R., and Christopher, J. S.: Frictional properties of sedimentary rocks and natural fault gouge from the Longmenshan fault zone, Sichuan, China, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 100, 2767–2790, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090287, 2010.
Walsh, F. R. and Zoback, M. D.: Oklahoma's recent earthquakes and saltwater
disposal, Sci. Adv., 1, e1500195, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500195, 2015.
Walsh, F. R. and Zoback, M .D.: Probabilistic assessment of potential fault
slip related to injection-induced earthquakes: Application to north-central
Oklahoma, USA, Geology, 44, G38275.1, https://doi.org/10.1130/G38275.1, 2016.
Walsh III, R., Zoback, M. D., Pais, D., Weingarten, M., and Tyrrell, T.:
FSP1.0: A program for probabilistic estimation of fault slip potential
resulting form fluid injection, https://scits.stanford.edu/software (last access: 7 January 2020), 2017.
Walters, R. J., Zoback, M. D., Baker, J. W., and Beroza, G. C.: Characterizing and responding to seismic risk associated with earthquake potentially triggered by fluid disposal and hydraulic fracturing, Seismol. Res. Lett., 86, 1110–1118, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150048, 2015.
Wan, Y. G., Shen, Z. K., Diao, G. L., Wang, F.J., Hu, X. L., and Shen, S. Z.: An algorithm of fault parameter determination using distribution of small
earthquakes and parameters of regional stress field and its application to
Tangshan earthquake sequence, Chin. J. Geophys., 51, 793–804, 2008.
Wan, Y. G., Wan, Y. K., Jin, Z. T., Sheng, S. Z., Liu, Z. C., Yang, F., and Feng, T.: Rupture distribution of the 1976 Tangshan earthquake sequence inverted from geodetic data, Chin. J. Geophys., 60, 3378–3395,
https://doi.org/10.1002/cjg2.30070, 2017.
Wang, J. H., Zhang, Y., and Wang, Y. J.: Analysis of influencing mining
factors through 3D geological modeling Macheng mining area, China Min. Mag., 22, 127–134, 2013.
Wei, S., Avouac, J. P., Hudnut, K. W., Donnellan, A., Parker, J. W., Graves,
R. W., Helmberger, D., Fielding, E., Liu, Z., Cappa, F., and Eneva, M.: The
2012 Brawley swarm triggered by injection-induced aseismic slip, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 422, 115–125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.03.054, 2015.
Weingarten, M., Ge, S., Godt, J. W., Bekins, B. A., and Rubinstein, J. L.:
High-rate injection is associated with the increase in U.S. mid-continent
seismicity, Science, 348, 1336–1340, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab1345, 2015.
Woo, J. U., Kim, M., Sheen, D. H., Kang, T. S., Rhie, J., Grigoli, F.,
Ellsworth, W. L., and Giardini, D.: An in-depth seismological analysis
revealing a causal link between the 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang earthquake and EGS project, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 124, 1–19,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018368, 2019.
Xiao, W. W., Huang, Q., and Wang, R. J.: Distribution and fractal characteristics of stress drop in different earthquake regions, Acta Seismol. Sin., 14, 281–288, 1992.
Xu, J. R., Zhao, Z. X., and Ishikawa, Y.: Regional characteristics of crustal stress field and tectonic motions in and around Chinese mainland, Chin. J. Geophys., 51, 770–781, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.02.011, 2008.
Yan, C. G., Wang, Z. S., Chen, Y. K., Ren, F., and Gao, W. P.: Comprehensive
survery and investigation on the exact spatial location and activity of the
Hangu fault in Tianjin, Earthq. Res. China, 30, 501–513, 2014.
Yang, K. S., Hu, P., and Dang, X .C.: A discussion on the generating mechanism of 1976 Tangshan earthquake based on the geologic structure of northern Huabei Basin, Earth Sci. Front., 17, 263–270,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0004972710001772, 2010.
Yang, S. X., Yao, R., Cui, X. F., Chen, Q. C., and Huang, L. Y.: Analysis of the characteristics of measured stress in Chinese mainland and its active blocks and North–South seismic belt, Chin. J. Geophys., 55, 4207–4217,
https://doi.org/10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.12.032, 2012.
Yang, Y. Q., Wang, X. S., Wan, Y. G., Sheng, S. Z., and Chen, T.: Seismogenic
fault segmentation of Tangshan earthquake sequence derived from focal
mechanism solutions, Acta Seismol. Sin., 38, 632–643,
https://doi.org/10.11939/jass.2016.04.009, 2016.
Ye, H., Shedlock, K. M., Hellinger, S. J., and Sclater, J. G.: The north china basin: An example of a Cenozoic rifted intraplate basin, Tectonics, 4,
153–169, https://doi.org/10.1029/TC004i002p00153, 1985.
You, H. C., Xu, X. W., Wu, J. P., and He, Z. Q.: Study on the relationship
between shallow and deep structures in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake area,
Seismol. Geol., 24, 571–582, 2002.
Yue, G. F., Deng, X. F., Xing, L. X., Lin, W. J., Liu, F., Liu, Y. G., and Wang, G. L.: Numerical simulation of hot dry rock exploitation using enhanced
geothermal systems in Gonghe Basin, Sci. Technol. Rev., 33, 62–67, https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2015.19.010, 2015.
Zang, A., Oye, V., Jousset, P., Deichmann, N., Gritto, R., McGarr, A., Majer, E., and Bruhn, D.: Analysis of induced seismicity in geothermal reservoirs – An overview, Geothermics, 52, 6–21, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2014.06.005, 2014.
Zeng, Y. C., Su, Z., and Wu, N. Y.: Numerical simulation of heat production
potential from hot dry rock by water circulating through two horizontal wells at Desert Peak geothermal field, Energy, 56, 92–107,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.04.055, 2013.
Zhang, B. J., Gao, J., Li, Y. Y., Wang, G. L., Li, J., Xing, Y. F., and Zhao,
T.: Genetic mechanism and indicative significance of hot dry rock in the
Matouying, Hebei province, Acta Geol. Sin., 94, 2036–2051,
https://doi.org/10.19762/j.cnki.dizhixuebao.2020226, 2020.
Zhang, H. Z., Diao, G. L., Chen, Q. F., Hu, X. L., Wang, X. S., and Zhang, Y. G.: Focal mechanism analysis of the recent earthquakes in Tangshan seismic
region of M 7.6 in 1976, J. Seismol. Res., 31, 1–6, 2008.
Zhang, L. L., Song, F., Liu, X. S., She, S. Q., and Liu, D. J.: Research on the influence of Jidong iron exploitation on regional groundwater environment, Groundwater, 36, 91–94, 2014.
Zhang, S. H. and Ma, X. D.: Global frictional equilibrium via stochastic, local Coulomb frictional slips, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 126, e2020JB021404, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB021404, 2021.
Zhang, S. X., Wang, X. S., Chen, T., Gong, M., and Shan, L. J.: Seismic
space-time evolution characteristics in Tangshan old seismic region during
the past 40 years, N. China Earthq. Sci., 35, 32–37,
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1003-1375.2017.01.005, 2017.
Zhang, W., Zhang, Q., Liu, Y. H., Zhu, W. P., and Tong, J.: Characteristics of magnetic and gravity anomalies of Lengkou fault in eastern Hebei and its
geological functions, Geophys. Geochem. Explor., 37, 769–774, https://doi.org/10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2013.5.02, 2013.
Zhang, Y., Gao, L., Liu, X. C., Zhao, Y., Wang, D., and Zhang, J. Y.: Drilling technology of the M-1 well in hot dry rock of Matouying, Tangshan, Geol. Explor., 58, 176–186, 2022.
Zhao, G. M. and Yang, G. S.: Focal stress field by water injection-induced
earthquakes and characteristics of coda wave attenuation, Seismol. Geol., 12, 303–310, 1990.
Zhao, Y. X.: The analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of the buried hill in Matouying-uplift-belt in Huanghua depression, China University of Geosciences for master of Engineering degree, Beijing, 2014.
Zheng, B. H., Guo, S. M., and Xu, H. M.: Preliminary study of principal
features of the NW and NWW trending fault structures in the Yanshan region,
Seismol. Geol., 3, 31–40, 1981.
Zheng, Y. P., Wang, Y., Chen, Y. K., and Han, G. Z.: Shallow tectonic
characteristics of the Haihe fault in Tanggu area, Tianjin municipality, Adv. Mar. Sci., 24, 307–313, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-8042(06)60021-3, 2006.
Zhou, C. C.: Studies on the structure mode of Baigezhuang region and the
identification and prediction of structure fracture of reservoirs, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, https://kreader.cnki.net/Kreader/CatalogViewPage.aspx?dbCode=CDFD&filename=2003092513.nh&tablename=CDFD9908&compose=&first=1&uid= (last access: 9 July 2022), 2003.
Zhu, S. Y., Feng, C. J., Xing, L. X., Ren, Y. Z., Qi, B. S., Zhang, P., and Tan, C. X.: Changes in fault slip potential due to water injection in the
Rongcheng deep geothermal reservoir, Xiong'an New Area, North China, Water,
14, 410, https://doi.org/10.3390/w14030410, 2022.
Zoback, M. D. and Gorelick, S. M.: Earthquake triggering and large-scale
geologic storage of carbon dioxide, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 10164–10168, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1202473109, 2012.
Zoback, M. D. and Healy, J. H.: In situ stress measurements to 3.5 km depth
in the Cajon Pass Scientific Research Borehole: Implications for the mechanics of crustal faulting, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 5039–5057, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JB02175, 1992.
Zoback, M. D., Barton, C. A., Brudy, M., Castillo, D. A., Finkbeiner, T.,
Grollimund, B. R., Moos, D. B., Peska, P., Ward, C. D., and Wiprut, D. J.:
Determination of stress orientation and magnitude in deep wells, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 40, 1049–1076, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2003.07.001, 2003.
Zoback, M. L.: First- and second-order patterns of stress n the lithoshpere:
The World Stress Map Project, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 98, 11703–11728, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JB00132, 1992.
Short summary
We show how FSP (Fault Slip Potential) software can be used in quantitative screening to estimate the fault slip potential in a region with some uncertainties in the ambient stress field and to assess the reactivation potential on these faults of presumably higher criticality in response to fluid injection. The case study of the Matouying enhanced geothermal system (EGS) field has important implications for deep geothermal exploitation in China, especially for the Gonghe EGS in Qinghai Province.
We show how FSP (Fault Slip Potential) software can be used in quantitative screening to...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint