Articles | Volume 23, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-231-2023
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-231-2023
Research article
 | 
20 Jan 2023
Research article |  | 20 Jan 2023

Scrutinizing and rooting the multiple anomalies of Nepal earthquake sequence in 2015 with the deviation–time–space criterion and homologous lithosphere–coversphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling physics

Lixin Wu, Yuan Qi, Wenfei Mao, Jingchen Lu, Yifan Ding, Boqi Peng, and Busheng Xie

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Cited articles

Ader, T., Avouac, J. P., Liu-Zeng, J ., Lyon-Caen, H., Bollinger, L., Galetzka, J., Genrich, J., Thomas, M., Chanard, K., Sapkota, S. N., Rajaure, S., Shrestha, P., Ding, L., and Flouzat, M.: Convergence rate across the Nepal Himalaya and interseismic coupling on the Main Himalayan Thrust: Implications for seismic hazard, J. Geophys. Res. Solid. Earth., 117, B4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB009071, 2012. 
Akhoondzadeh, M. and Chehrebargh, F. J.: Feasibility of anomaly occurrence in aerosols time series obtained from MODIS satellite images during hazardous earthquakes, Adv. Space. Res., 58, 890–896, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2016.05.046, 2016. 
Avouac, J., Meng, L., Wei, S., Wang, T., and Ampuero, J.: Lower edge of locked Main Himalayan Thrust unzipped by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, Nat. Geosci., 8, 708, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2518, 2015. 
Avouac, J. P.: Mountain building, erosion, and the seismic cycle in the Nepal Himalaya, Adv. Geophys., 46, 1–80, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2687(03)46001-9, 2003. 
Baral, S. S., Sharma, K., Saraf, A. K., Das, J., Singh, G., Borgohain, S., and Kar, E.: Thermal anomaly from NOAA data for the Nepal earthquake, Curr. Sci., 110, 150, 2016. 
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Short summary
Multiple seismic anomalies were reported to be related to the 2015 Nepal earthquake. By sufficiently investigating both the space–time features and the physical models of the seismic anomalies, the coupling mechanisms of these anomalies in 3D space were revealed and an integrated framework to strictly root the sources of various anomalies was proposed. This study provides a practical solution for scrutinizing reliable seismic anomalies from diversified earthquake observations.
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