Articles | Volume 23, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-481-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-481-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article
| Highlight paper
| 
03 Feb 2023
Review article | Highlight paper |
| 03 Feb 2023
| 03 Feb 2023
Review article: Potential of nature-based solutions to mitigate hydro-meteorological risks in sub-Saharan Africa
School of Life Sciences, Chair for Strategic Landscape Planning and Management, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 6, 85354, Freising, Germany
Aude Zingraff-Hamed
School of Life Sciences, Chair for Strategic Landscape Planning and Management, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 6, 85354, Freising, Germany
UMR CItés, TERritoires, Environnement et Sociétés, L'UMR 7324 CITERES, University of Tours, 37200 Tours, France
Mohammad A. Rahman
School of Life Sciences, Chair for Strategic Landscape Planning and Management, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 6, 85354, Freising, Germany
Lindsay C. Stringer
Department of Environment and Geography, Wentworth Way, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, United Kingdom
Stephan Pauleit
School of Life Sciences, Chair for Strategic Landscape Planning and Management, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 6, 85354, Freising, Germany
Cited articles
Abass, K., Buor, D., Afriyie, K., Dumedah, G., Segbefi, A. Y., Guodaar, L.,
Garsonu, E. K., Adu-Gyamfi, S., Forkuor, D., and Ofosu, A.: Urban sprawl and
green space depletion: Implications for flood incidence in Kumasi, Ghana,
Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 51, 101915–101915, 2020.
Adegun, O. B., Ikudayisi, A. E., Morakinyo, T. E., and Olusoga, O. O.: Urban
green infrastructure in Nigeria: A review, Scientific African, 14, e01044, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e01044, 2021.
Aflaki, A., Mirnezhad, M., Ghaffarianhoseini, A., Ghaffarianhoseini, A.,
Omrany, H., Wang, Z.-H., and Akbari, H.: Urban heat island mitigation
strategies: A state-of-the-art review on Kuala Lumpur, Singapore and Hong
Kong, Cities, 62, 131–145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.09.003, 2017.
Ajibade, I.: Can a future city enhance urban resilience and sustainability?
A political ecology analysis of Eko Atlantic city, Nigeria, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 26, 85–92, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.09.029, 2017.
Akinwolemiwa, O. H., de Souza, C. B., De Luca, L. M., and Gwilliam, J.:
Building community-driven vertical greening systems for people living on
less than £ 1 a day: A case study in Nigeria, Build. Environ.,
131, 277–287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.01.022, 2018.
Arias, P., Bellouin, N., Coppola, E., Jones, R., Krinner, G., Marotzke, J.,
Naik, V., Palmer, M., Plattner, G.-K., and Rogelj, J.: Climate Change 2021:
The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group14 I to the Sixth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change;
Technical Summary, The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AR6,
Remote, 2021.
Benchwick, G.: Building Resilient Communities, Wetland Ecosystems and
Associated Catchments in Uganda, UNDP, https://can-adapt.ca/placemarks/maps/view/44796 (last access: 13 January 2023), 2019.
Bischetti, G. B., Di Fi Dio, M., and Florineth, F.: On the origin of soil
bioengineering, Landscape Res., 39, 583–595, 2014.
Busayo, E. T., Kalumba, A. M., Afuye, G. A., Olusola, A. O., Ololade, O.,
and Orimoloye, I. R.: Rediscovering South Africa: Flood disaster risk
management through ecosystem-based adaptation, Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 14, 100175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2022.100175, 2022.
Busby, J. W., Smith, T. G., and Krishnan, N.: Climate security vulnerability
in Africa mapping 3.0, Polit. Geogr., 43, 51–67, 2014.
Choi, C., Berry, P., and Smith, A.: The climate benefits, co-benefits, and
trade-offs of green infrastructure: A systematic literature review, J.
Environ. Manage., 291, 112583, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112583, 2021.
Christie, M., Martín-López, B., Church, A., Siwicka, E.,
Szymonczyk, P., and Mena Sauterel, J.: Understanding the diversity of values
of “Nature's contributions to people”: insights from the IPBES Assessment
of Europe and Central Asia, Sustain. Sci., 14, 1267–1282, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00716-6, 2019.
CIFOR: Ecosystem-based adaptation in marine, terrestrial and coastal regions, CIFOR, https://www2.cifor.org/cobam/weadapt-articles/ecosystem-
based-adaptation-in-marine-terrestrial-and-coastal-regions/ (last access: 20 April 2022), 2013.
Cobbinah, P. B., Asibey, M. O., Opoku-Gyamfi, M., and Peprah, C.: Urban
planning and climate change in Ghana, Journal of Urban Management, 8, 261–271, 2019.
Colding, J., Gren, Å., and Barthel, S.: The incremental demise of urban
green spaces, Land, 9, 162, https://doi.org/10.3390/land9050162, 2020.
CRED: Disasters in Africa: 20 year review (2000–2019), CRED Crunch, 56, https://cred.be/sites/default/files/2021_EMDAT_report.pdf (last access: 13 January 2023), 2019.
Debele, S. E., Kumar, P., Sahani, J., Marti-Cardona, B., Mickovski, S. B.,
Leo, L. S., Porcù, F., Bertini, F., Montesi, D., and Vojinovic, Z.:
Nature-based solutions for hydro-meteorological hazards: Revised concepts,
classification schemes and databases, Environ. Res., 179, 108799, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.108799, 2019.
De La Fuente, B., Bertzky, B., Delli, G., Mandrici, A., Conti, M., Florczyk,
A. J., Freire, S., Schiavina, M., Bastin, L., and Dubois, G.: Built-up areas
within and around protected areas: Global patterns and 40-year trends, Global Ecology and Conservation, 24, e01291, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01291, 2020.
Deng, Y., Randall, J., and Ye, F.: Island ecological restoration and
management practices based on nature: Conference report, Mar. Policy, 143,
105188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105188, 2022.
Depietri, Y. and McPhearson, T.: Integrating the grey, green, and blue in
cities: nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation and risk
reduction, in: Nature-based solutions to climate change Adaptation in urban
areas, Springer, Cham, 91–109, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56091-5_6, 2017.
Donatti, C. I., Harvey, C. A., Hole, D., Panfil, S. N., and Schurman, H.:
Indicators to measure the climate change adaptation outcomes of
ecosystem-based adaptation, Clim. Change, 158, 413–433,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02565-9, 2020.
Doswald, N., Janzen, S., Nehren, U., Vervest, M.-J., Sans, J., Edbauer, L., Chavda, S., Sandholz, S., Renaud, F., and Ruiz, V.: Words into Action: Nature-based solutions for disaster risk reduction, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, Geneva, Switzerland, 259 pp., https://www.undrr.org/publication/words-action-nature-based-solutions-disaster-risk-reduction (last access: 13 January 2023), 2021.
Douglas, I.: The challenge of urban poverty for the use of green
infrastructure on floodplains and wetlands to reduce flood impacts in
intertropical Africa, Landscape Urban Plan., 180, 262–272, 2018.
Douwes, E., Roy, K., Diederichs Mander, N., Mavundla, K., and Roberts, D.: The Buffelsdraai Landfill Site Community Reforestation Project, EThekwini Municipality, Durban, South Africa, 32 pp., https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3988.9442, 2015.
Du Toit, M. J., Cilliers, S. S., Dallimer, M., Goddard, M., Guenat, S., and
Cornelius, S. F.: Urban green infrastructure and ecosystem services in
sub-Saharan Africa, Landscape Urban Plan., 180, 249–261, 2018.
EC: Horizon 2020 Work Programme 2016 - 2017: Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials. European Commission Decision C(2016)4614 of 25 July 2016, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium, https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/data/ref/h2020/wp/2016_2017/main/h2020-wp1617-climate_en.pdf (last access: 13 January 2023), 2016.
Eggermont, H., Balian, E., Azevedo, J. M. N., Beumer, V., Brodin, T.,
Claudet, J., Fady, B., Grube, M., Keune, H., and Lamarque, P.: Nature-based
solutions: new influence for environmental management and research in
Europe, GAIA, 24, 243–248, https://doi.org/10.14512/gaia.24.4.9, 2015.
Entwistle, N., Heritage, G., Schofield, L. A., and Williamson, R.: Recent
changes to floodplain character and functionality in England, Catena, 174,
490–498, 2019.
Esri: Light Gray Canvas Map, Esri Inc., https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/products/arcgis-pro/overview (last access: 13 January 2023), 2022.
Etshekape, P. G., Atangana, A. R., and Khasa, D. P.: Tree planting in urban
and peri-urban of Kinshasa: Survey of factors facilitating agroforestry
adoption, Urban For. Urban Gree., 30, 12–23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.12.015, 2018.
European Commission and Directorate-General for Research and Innovation:
Towards an EU research and innovation policy agenda for nature-based
solutions & re-naturing cities: final report of the Horizon 2020 expert
group on 'Nature-based solutions and re-naturing cities': (full version),
Publications Office, Brussels, Belgium, https://doi.org/10.2777/479582, 2015.
European Commission and Directorate-General for Research and Innovation:
Evaluating the impact of nature-based solutions: a summary for policy makers, Publications Office, https://doi.org/10.2777/2219, 2021.
EUROSTAT: Land cover statistics, European Union, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Land_cover_statistics#Land_cover_in_the_EU (last access: 14 January 2023), 2021.
Evans, D. L., Falagán, N., Hardman, C., Kourmpetli, S., Liu, L., Mead,
B., and Davies, J.: Ecosystem service delivery by urban agriculture and
green infrastructure–a systematic review, Ecosyst. Serv., 54, 101405, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2022.101405, 2022.
Fairhurst, L., Josefsson, J., and Stephen, V.: Building Climate Resilience:
A Handbook for Port Louis Municipal Council, Mauritius, ICLEI,
ISBN: 978-0-9921794-1-0, https://africa.iclei.org/wp-content/uploads/
2020/01/2012_Publication_5-City-Adaptation-Network_Building-climate-resilience-a-handbook-for-port-louis-municipal-council-mauritius.pdf
(last access: 14 January 2023), 2012.
FAO: Climate change in Africa: the threat to agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization Regional Office for Africa, https://www.uncclearn.org/wp-content/uploads/library/fao34.pdf (last access: 14 January 2023), 2009.
Fischborn, M. and Herr, D.: African solutions in a rapidly changing world:
nature-based solutions to climate change by African innovators in protected
areas, Gland Switz, IUCN, 36 pp., https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2015.08.en-fr, 2015.
Frantzeskaki, N., McPhearson, T., Collier, M. J., Kendal, D., Bulkeley, H.,
Dumitru, A., Walsh, C., Noble, K., Van Wyk, E., and Ordóñez, C.:
Nature-based solutions for urban climate change adaptation: linking science,
policy, and practice communities for evidence-based decision-making,
BioScience, 69, 455–466, 2019.
Garcia, J.: Mid-term Review of the UNEP projects: Final report, Baastel,
Brussels, 125 pp., https://publicpartnershipdata.azureedge.net/gef/GEFDocuments/579d99e3-de7c-e811-8124-3863bb2e1360/MTR/MidtermReviewMTR_4141_2019_MTR_UNEP_Tanzania_CCA_AF_FSP_SPCC_Adaptation%20Tanzania%282%20reports%29.pdf (last access: 14 January 2023), 2019.
Gilder, A. and Rumble, O.: Improving sub-Saharan African Access to Climate Change Finance: An Alternative View, South African Institute of International Affairs, 1–10, https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep28355 (last access: 13 January 2023), 2020.
Gill, J. C., Taylor, F. E., Duncan, M. J., Mohadjer, S., Budimir, M., Mdala, H., and Bukachi, V.: Invited perspectives: Building sustainable and resilient communities – recommended actions for natural hazard scientists, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 187–202, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-187-2021, 2021.
Global Landscapes Forum: The role that restoration can play in conserving the world's biodiversity, https://www.globallandscapesforum.org/presentation/the-role-
that-restoration-can-play-in-conserving-the-worlds-
biodiversity/ (last access: 27 January 2022), 2021.
Güneralp, B., Lwasa, S., Masundire, H., Parnell, S., and Seto, K. C.:
Urbanization in Africa: challenges and opportunities for conservation,
Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 015002, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa94fe, 2017.
Gutiérrez, J. M., Jones, R. G., Narisma, G. T., Alves, L. M., Amjad, M., Gorodetskaya, I. V., Grose, M., Klutse, N. A. B., Krakovska, S., Li, J., Martínez-Castro, D., Mearns, L. O., Mernild, S. H., Ngo-Duc, H., van den Hurk, B., and Yoon, J.-H.: IPCC WGI Interactive Atlas, IPCC Working Group I (WGI): Sixth Assessment Report, edited by: Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani, A., Connors, S. L., Péan, C., Berger, S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., Gomis, M. I., Huang, M., Leitzell, K., Lonnoy, E., Matthews, J. B. R., Maycock, T. K., Waterfield, T., Yelekçi, O., Yu, R., and Zhou, B.,
IPCC, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, in press, http://interactive-atlas.ipcc.ch/ (last access: 13 January 2023), 2021.
Habtemariam, L. W., Herslund, L. B., and Mguni, P.: What makes a champion
for landscape-based storm water management in Addis Ababa?, Sustain. Cities
Soc., 46, 101378, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.12.006, 2019.
Hamidi, A., Ramavandi, B., and Sorial, G. A.: Sponge city – an emerging
concept in sustainable water resource management: A scientometric analysis,
Resources, Environment and Sustainability, 5, 100028, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resenv.2021.100028, 2021.
Hartmann, T., Slavíková, L., and McCarthy, S.: Nature-based
solutions in flood risk management, in: Nature-based flood risk management
on private land, Springer, Cham, 3–8, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23842-1_1, 2019.
Hjerpe, M., Storbjörk, S., and Alberth, J.: “There is nothing political
in it”: triggers of local political leaders' engagement in climate adaptation, Local Environment, 20, 855–873, https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2013.872092, 2014.
Ibe, C. and Sherman, K.: 3 The gulf of guinea large marine ecosystem
project: Turning challenges into achievements, in: Large Marine Ecosystems, edited by: McGlade, J. M., Cury, P., Koranteng, K. A., and
Hardman-Mountford, N. J., Elsevier, 11, 27–39, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1570-0461(02)80025-8, 2002.
ICLEI: Local Action for Biodiversity (LAB) 2010 Legacy Projects, ICLEI Biodiversity Center, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 pp., https://africa.iclei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/2010_Publication_LAB_Legacy-projects.pdf
(last access: 14 January 2023), 2010.
ICLEI: Urban Natural Assets For Africa: Main Achievements, ICLEI, https://africa.iclei.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2020_Publication_UNA-Acheivement-to-date.pdf
(last access: 14 January 2023), 2020.
IPCC: Climate change 2022: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability, Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Pörtner, H.-O., Roberts, D. C., Tignor, M., Poloczanska, E. S., Mintenbeck, K., Alegría, A., Craig, M., Langsdorf, S., Löschke, S., Möller, V., Okem, A., and Rama, B., Cambridge University Press. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 3056 pp., 2022.
Jones, L., Boeri, M., Christie, M., Durance, I., Evans, K. L., Fletcher, D.,
Harrison, L., Jorgensen, A., Masante, D., and McGinlay, J.: Can we model
cultural ecosystem services, and are we measuring the right things?, People and Nature, 4, 166–179, 2022.
Jongman, B., Ellison, G., and Ozment, S.: Nature-Based Solutions for Disaster Risk Management: Booklet, World Bank Group, 24 pp., https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/253401551126252092/pdf/Booklet.pdf
(last access: 14 January 2023), 2019.
Kabisch, N., Frantzeskaki, N., and Hansen, R.: Principles for urban
nature-based solutions, Ambio, 51, 1388–1401, 2022.
Kalantari, Z., Ferreira, C. S. S., Keesstra, S., and Destouni, G.:
Nature-based solutions for flood-drought risk mitigation in vulnerable
urbanizing parts of East-Africa, Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 5, 73–78, 2018.
Kamer, L.: GDP of African countries 2021, by country, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1120999/gdp-of-african-countries-by-country/, last access: 2 May 2022.
Karamage, F., Liu, Y., Fan, X., Francis Justine, M., Wu, G., Liu, Y., Zhou, H., and Wang, R.: Spatial Relationship between Precipitation and Runoff in Africa, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-424, 2018.
Keesstra, S., Nunes, J., Novara, A., Finger, D., Avelar, D., Kalantari, Z.,
and Cerdà, A.: The superior effect of nature-based solutions in land
management for enhancing ecosystem services, Sci. Total Environ., 610,
997–1009, 2018.
Kelsall, T., Mitlin, D., Schindler, S., and Hickey, S.: Politics, systems
and domains: A conceptual framework for the African Cities Research
Consortium, The University of Manchester, Manchester, 65 pp., ISBN: 978-1-915163-00-4, https://www.african-cities.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/ACRC_Working-Paper-1_September-2021.pdf
(last access: 14 January 2023), 2021.
Kihara, J., Bolo, P., Kinyua, M., Nyawira, S. S., and Sommer, R.: Soil
health and ecosystem services: Lessons from sub-Sahara Africa (SSA),
Geoderma, 370, 114342, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114342, 2020.
Kim, D. and Song, S.-K.: The Multifunctional Benefits of Green
Infrastructure in Community Development: An Analytical Review Based on 447
Cases, Sustainability, 11, 3917, https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143917, 2019.
Kita, S. M.: Urban vulnerability, disaster risk reduction and resettlement
in Mzuzu city, Malawi, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 22, 158–166,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.03.010, 2017.
Koc, C. B., Osmond, P., and Peters, A.: Towards a comprehensive green infrastructure typology: a systematic review of approaches, methods and typologies, Urban Ecosyst., 20, 15–35, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-016-0578-5, 2017.
Kopansky, D., Van Offelen, J., and Adkins, B.: Peatlands as a super
nature-based solution to climate change, and a refuge for unique and
threatened biodiversity, Global Lanscapes Forum, 8 pp.,
https://events.globallandscapesforum.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/09/GLF-Biodiversity-2020-white-paper-Peatlands.pdf
(last access: 14 January 2023), 2020.
Lafortezza, R., Chen, J., Van Den Bosch, C. K., and Randrup, T. B.:
Nature-based solutions for resilient landscapes and cities, Environ. Res.,
165, 431–441, 2018.
Laros, M., Birch, S., Clover, J., and ICLEI-Africa: Ecosystem-based
approaches to building resilience in urban areas: towards a framework for
decision-making criteria, ICLEI and CDKN, 40 pp., https://africa.iclei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/2013_Publication_Urban-LEDS_Ecosystem-based-approaches-to-resilience-in-urban-areas.pdf
(last access: 14 January 2023), 2013.
Li, F. and Zhang, J.: A review of the progress in Chinese Sponge City
programme: Challenges and opportunities for urban stormwater management,
Water Supply, 22, 1638–1651, https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.327, 2022.
Lindley, S., Pauleit, S., Yeshitela, K., Cilliers, S., and Shackleton, C.: Rethinking urban green infrastructure and ecosystem services from the perspective of sub-Saharan African cities, Landscape Urban Plan., 180, 328–338, 2018.
Lucas, B.: Urban Flood Risk Management in Africa, Institute of Development
Studies, Brighton, UK, https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/15893
(last access: 14 January 2023), 2020.
Lupp, G. and Zingraff-Hamed, A.: Nature-based solutions–Concept, evaluation, and governance, Sustainability, 13, 3012, https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063012, 2021.
Lupp, G., Zingraff-Hamed, A., Huang, J. J., Oen, A., and Pauleit, S.: Living
Labs–A Concept for Co-Designing Nature-Based Solutions, Sustainability,
13, 188, https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010188, 2021a.
Lupp, G., Huang, J. J., Zingraff-Hamed, A., Oen, A., Del Sepia, N.,
Martinelli, A., Lucchesi, M., Wulff Knutsen, T., Olsen, M., and Fjøsne,
T. F.: Stakeholder Perceptions of Nature-Based Solutions and Their
Collaborative Co-Design and Implementation Processes in Rural Mountain
Areas–A Case Study From PHUSICOS, Frontiers in Environmental Science, 593, 678446, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.678446, 2021b.
Lwasa, S., Mugagga, F., Wahab, B., Simon, D., Connors, J., and Griffith, C.:
Urban and peri-urban agriculture and forestry: Transcending poverty alleviation to climate change mitigation and adaptation, Urban Climate, 7, 92–106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2013.10.007, 2014.
MacKay, B. and Reed, N.: Creating a Statewide Greenways System: For
People, for Wildlife, for Florida, Florida Greenways Commission, Tallassee,
FL, 186 pp., https://floridadep.gov/sites/default/files/1994FloridaGreenwaysCommissionPlan.pdf
(last access: 14 January 2023), 1994.
MacKinnon, K., Sobrevila, C., and Hickey, V.: Biodiversity, climate change,
and adaptation: nature-based solutions from the World Bank portfolio, The
World Bank, Report number: 46726, Vol. 1, 102 pp., https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/149141468320661795/pdf/467260WP0REPLA1sity1Sept020081final.pdf
(last access: 14 January 2023), 2008.
Malgwi, M. B., Fuchs, S., and Keiler, M.: A generic physical vulnerability model for floods: review and concept for data-scarce regions, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2067–2090, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2067-2020, 2020.
Malgwi, M. B., Schlögl, M., and Keiler, M.: Expert-based versus
data-driven flood damage models: A comparative evaluation for data-scarce
regions, Int. J. Disast. Risk Red., 57, 102148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102148, 2021.
Manteaw, B., Amoah, A. B., Ayittah, B., and Enu, K. B.: Climate-Informed
Decision-Making in Data-Poor Environments: Managing Climate Risk Through
Citizen Science Networks, Frontiers in Climate, 4, 835768, https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2022.835768, 2022.
Matsler, A. M., Meerow, S., Mell, I. C., and Pavao-Zuckerman, M. A.: A
`green' chameleon: Exploring the many disciplinary definitions, goals, and
forms of “green infrastructure”, Landscape Urban Plan., 214, 104145,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104145, 2021.
Mauvais, G.: Newsletter from African protected areas, Papaco, https://papaco.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/NAPA_dec_EN.pdf
(last access: 14 January 2023), 2018.
Mengist, W., Soromessa, T., and Feyisa, G. L.: A global view of regulatory
ecosystem services: Existed knowledge, trends, and research gaps, Ecol. Process., 9, 40, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-020-00241-w, 2020.
Milcu, A. I., Hanspach, J., Abson, D., and Fischer, J.: Cultural ecosystem
services: a literature review and prospects for future research, Ecol. Soc., 18, 44, https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-05790-180344, 2013.
Mitsch, W. J. and Jørgensen, S. E.: Ecological engineering: a field whose
time has come, Ecol. Eng., 20, 363–377, 2003.
Mo Ibrahim Foundation: Africa's Youth: Jobs or Migration. Demography,
economic prospects and mobility, Mo Ibrahim Foundation, https://mo.ibrahim.foundation/sites/default/files/2020-01/2019_Forum_Report_2.pdf (last access: 14 January 2023), 2019.
Molla, M. B.: The value of urban green infrastructure and its environmental
response in urban ecosystem: A literature review, Int. J. Environ. Sci., 4,
89–101, 2015.
Moriconi-Ebrard, F., Heinrigs, P., and Trémolières, M.: Africa’s Urbanisation Dynamics 2020: Africapolis, Mapping a New Urban Geography, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/b6bccb81-en, 2020.
Movsisyan, A., Dennis, J., Rehfuess, E., Grant, S., and Montgomery, P.:
Rating the quality of a body of evidence on the effectiveness of health and
social interventions: A systematic review and mapping of evidence domains,
Res. Synth. Methods, 9, 224–242, https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1290, 2018.
Moyo, H., Slotow, R., Rouget, M., Mugwedi, L., Douwes, E., Tsvuura, Z., and
Tshabalala, T.: Adaptive management in restoration initiatives: Lessons learned from some of South Africa's projects, S. Afr. J. Bot., 139, 352–361, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.03.016, 2021.
Mubaya, C. P. and Mafongoya, P.: The role of institutions in managing local
level climate change adaptation in semi-arid Zimbabwe, Clim. Risk Manag.,
16, 93–105, 2017.
Mugure, E.: Forest Garden Approach, Panorama, https://panorama.solutions/en/solution/forest-garden-approach-0 (last access: 20 April 2022), 2020.
Mulligan, J., Bukachi, V., Clause, J. C., Jewell, R., Kirimi, F., and
Odbert, C.: Hybrid infrastructures, hybrid governance: New evidence from
Nairobi (Kenya) on green-blue-grey infrastructure in informal settlements,
Anthropocene, 29, 100227–100227, 2020.
Nasri, T. P., Haken, N., Wilson, W., Cockey, S., Diop, A., Reger, K.,
Hoduski, N., Fiertz, N., Sample, E., Woodburn, D., Deleersnyder, A.-E.,
Batterman, D., Smith, K., and Kramer, O.: Fragile States Index: Annual
Report 2021, The Fund for Peace, Washington DC, 50 pp., https://fragilestatesindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/fsi2021-report.pdf (last access: 14 January 2023), 2021.
Nehren, U., Sudmeier-Rieux, K., Sandholz, S., Estrella, M., Lomarda, M., and
Guillén, T.: The Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction: Case Study and
Exercise Source Book, Partnership for Environment and Disaster Risk Reduction and Center for Natural Resources and Development, 98 pp., ISBN: 978-3-00-045844-6, 2014.
Oluwafeyikemi, A. and Julie, G.: Evaluating the impact of Vertical Greening
Systems on Thermal comfort in Low income residences in Lagos, Nigeria,
Procedia Engineer., 118, 420–433, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.443, 2015.
Özer, I. E., van Damme, M., Schweckendiek, T., and Jonkman, S. N.: On the importance of analyzing flood defense failures, E3S Web of Conferences 7, 03013, https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20160703013, 2016.
Page, M. J., Moher, D., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C.,
Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., and Brennan, S.
E.: PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars
for reporting systematic reviews, BMJ, 372, n160, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n160, 2021.
Paprotny, D., Sebastian, A., Morales-Nápoles, O., and Jonkman, S. N.:
Trends in flood losses in Europe over the past 150 years, Nat. Commun., 9,
1985, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04253-1, 2018.
Pauleit, S., Zölch, T., Hansen, R., Randrup, T. B., and van den Bosch, C. K.: Nature-based solutions and climate change–four shades of green, in: Nature-Based solutions to climate change adaptation in urban areas, Springer, Cham, 29–49, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56091-5_3, 2017a.
Pauleit, S., Hansen, R., Rall, E. L., Zölch, T., Andersson, E., Luz, A. C., Szaraz, L., Tosics, I., and Vierikko, K.: Urban landscapes and green infrastructure, in: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science, Oxford University Press, Oxford, USA, 53 pp., https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.23, 2017b.
Pauleit, S., Ambrose-Oji, B., Andersson, E., Anton, B., Buijs, A., Haase,
D., Elands, B., Hansen, R., Kowarik, I., and Kronenberg, J.: Advancing urban
green infrastructure in Europe: Outcomes and reflections from the GREEN
SURGE project, Urban For. Urban Gree., 40, 4–16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2018.10.006, 2019.
Poleto, C. and Tassi, R.: Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems, in: Drainage Systems, edited by: Javaid, M. S., IntechOpen, London, https://doi.org/10.5772/34491, 2012.
Prince George's County: Low-impact development: An integrated design
approach, Planning Division, Department of Environmental Resources, 4–8, https://www.princegeorgescountymd.gov/DocumentCenter/View/86/Low-Impact-Development-Design-Strategies-PDF (last access: 14 January 2023), 1999.
Pugliese, F., Caroppi, G., Zingraff-Hamed, A., Lupp, G., and Gerundo, C.:
Assessment of NBSs effectiveness for flood risk management: The Isar River
case study, J. Water Supply Res. T.-Aqua, 71, 42–61, https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2021.101, 2022.
Radcliffe, J. C.: Australia's Water Sensitive Urban Design, 2018
International Sponge City Conference, Xi'an, China, 8–10 September 2018, 38–52, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/John-Radcliffe/publication/327718865_AUSTRALIA%27S_WATER_SENSITIVE_URBAN_DESIGN/links/5ba070c6a6fdccd3cb5ef9ca/AUSTRALIAS-WATER-SENSITIVE-URBAN-DESIGN.pdf (last acccess: 14 January 2023), 2018.
Rahman, M. A., Moser, A., Rötzer, T., and Pauleit, S.: Comparing the
transpirational and shading effects of two contrasting urban tree species,
Urban Ecosyst., 22, 683–697, 2019.
Ravenholt, R.: No Pleasure in the Pathless Woods: The Legal and
Implementation Challenges of Tree Planting in Freetown, Oxford Policy
Fellowship, https://www.policyfellowship.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Story-of-change_No-pleasure-in-the-pathless-woods_Sierra-Leone.pdf (last acccess: 14 January 2023), 2021.
Reid, H., Scorgie, S., Muller, H., and Bourne, A.: Ecosystem-based
approaches to adaptation: strengthening the evidence and informing policy,
IIED, London, 37 pp., ISBN: 978-1-78431-600-6, 2018.
Roots of Restoration: Sustainability through Community-Based Forest Landscape Restoration, https://www.globallandscapesforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/GLF-Africa-2021-white-paper-Roots-of-Restoration.pdf (last access: 27 January 2022), 2021.
Roux, D. J., Smith, M. K. S., Smit, I. P., Freitag, S., Slabbert, L.,
Mokhatla, M. M., Hayes, J., and Mpapane, N. P.: Cultural ecosystem services
as complex outcomes of people–nature interactions in protected areas,
Ecosyst. Serv., 43, 101111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101111, 2020.
Ruangpan, L., Vojinovic, Z., Di Sabatino, S., Leo, L. S., Capobianco, V., Oen, A. M. P., McClain, M. E., and Lopez-Gunn, E.: Nature-based solutions for hydro-meteorological risk reduction: a state-of-the-art review of the research area, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 243–270, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-243-2020, 2020.
Russo, A., Escobedo, F. J., Cirella, G. T., and Zerbe, S.: Edible green
infrastructure: An approach and review of provisioning ecosystem services
and disservices in urban environments, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 242,
53–66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.03.026, 2017.
Sahani, J., Kumar, P., Debele, S., Spyrou, C., Loupis, M., Aragão, L.,
Porcù, F., Shah, M. A. R., and Di Sabatino, S.: Hydro-meteorological
risk assessment methods and management by nature-based solutions, Sci. Total
Environ., 696, 133936, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133936, 2019.
Schäffler, A. and Swilling, M.: Valuing green infrastructure in an urban
environment under pressure – The Johannesburg case, Ecol. Econ., 86, 246–257, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.05.008, 2013.
Schröter, B., Zingraff-Hamed, A., Ott, E., Huang, J., Hüesker, F.,
Nicolas, C., and Schröder, N. J. S.: The knowledge transfer potential of
online data pools on nature-based solutions, Sci. Total Environ., 762,
143074, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143074, 2021.
Seddon, N.: United Nations Environment Assembly agree Nature-based Solutions
definition, University of Oxford, Oxford, https://www.naturebasedsolutionsinitiative.org/news/
united-nations-environment-assembly-nature-based-solutions-definition/, last access: 8 March 2022.
Seddon, N., Sengupta, S., García-Espinosa, M., Hauler, I., Herr, D., and Rizvi, A. R.: Nature-based solutions in nationally determined contributions: Synthesis and recommendations for enhancing climate ambition and action by 2020, Gland, Switzerland and Oxford, UK: IUCN and University of Oxford, 48 pp., https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2019-030-En.pdf (last acccess: 14 January 2023), 2019.
Solheim, A., Capobianco, V., Oen, A., Kalsnes, B., Wullf-Knutsen, T., Olsen,
M., Del Seppia, N., Arauzo, I., Garcia Balaguer, E., and Strout, J. M.:
Implementing Nature-Based Solutions in Rural Landscapes: Barriers
Experienced in the PHUSICOS Project, Sustainability, 13, 1461,
https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202012.0344.v1, 2021.
Somarakis, G., Stagakis, S., and Chrysoulakis, N.: ThinkNature Nature-Based Solutions Handbook, European Commission, 228 pp., https://doi.org/10.26225/jerv-w202, 2019.
Sowińska-Świerkosz, B. and García, J.: A new evaluation framework for nature-based solutions (NBS) projects based on the application of performance questions and indicators approach, Sci. Total Environ., 787, 147615, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147615, 2021.
Sowińska-Świerkosz, B. and García, J.: What are Nature-based solutions (NBS)? Setting core ideas for concept clarification, Nature-Based Solutions, 2, 100009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2022.100009, 2022.
Stringer, L. C. and Dougill, A. J.: Channelling science into policy:
enabling best practices from research on land degradation and sustainable
land management in dryland Africa, J. Environ. Manage., 114, 328–335, 2013.
Stringer, L. C., Quinn, C. H., Le, H. T., Msuya, F., Pezzuti, J., Dallimer,
M., Afionis, S., Berman, R., Orchard, S., and Rijal, M. L.: A new framework
to enable equitable outcomes: Resilience and nexus approaches combined,
Earths Future, 6, 902–918, 2018.
Tamagnone, P., Comino, E., and Rosso, M.: Rainwater harvesting techniques as
an adaptation strategy for flood mitigation, J. Hydrol., 586, 124880,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124880, 2020.
Taylor, R. and Oluoch, S.: Gazi mangrove restoration project, weADAPT,
https://www.weadapt.org/placemarks/maps/view/752 (last access: 20 April 2022), 2012.
Thorn, J., Biancardi Aleu, R., Wijesinghe, A., Mdongwe, M., Marchant, R.,
and Shackleton, S.: Mainstreaming nature-based solutions for climate
resilient infrastructure in peri-urban sub-Saharan Africa, Landscape Urban
Plan., 216, 104235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104235, 2021.
Trpkov, S.: Smart cities and energy transition: Can one happen without the
other?, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Zagreb, Croatia, ISBN 978-953-8376-00-9, 2020.
Turner, M. D., Carney, T., Lawler, L., Reynolds, J., Kelly, L., Teague, M.
S., and Brottem, L.: Environmental rehabilitation and the vulnerability of
the poor: The case of the Great Green Wall, Land Use Policy, 111, 105750,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105750, 2021.
UN: World Urbanization Prospects 2018, Department of Economic and Social
Affairs, New York, 30 pp., ISBN: 978-92-1-148318-5,
https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-Report.pdf (last access: 15 January 2023), 2019.
UN Environment: Implementing NAPA Priority Interventions To Build Resilience
In The Most Vulnerable Coastal Zones In Djibouti, UN Environment, Project ID: 3408, https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/28425/DjiboutiEba.pdf?sequ%E2%80%A6 (last access: 15 January 2023), 2016.
UN Environment: Building Climate Resilience in Comoros, UN Environment, Project ID: 5694, 2 pp., https://www.weadapt.org/sites/weadapt.org/files/comoros_-_ecosystem-based_adaptation.pdf (last access: 15 January 2023), 2019a.
UN Environment: Large-Scale Ecosystem-Based Adaptation In The Gambia:
Developing A Climate-Resilient, Natural Resource-Based Economy, Project number: FF011, 2 pp., https://www.weadapt.org/sites/weadapt.org/files/gambia_-_ecosystem-based_adaptation.pdf (last access: 15 January 2023), 2019b.
UNCCD: The Great Green Wall: Press Kit, United Nations Convention to Combat
Desertification, Bonn, Germany, https://www.unccd.int/sites/default/files/inline-files/OPS%20Press%20kit%20ENG%20%20Version%20-%20Final_0.pdf (last access: 15 January 2023), 2020.
UNDP: Community Approaches To Sustainable Land Management And Agroecology
Practices, Small Grants Programme, New York, 64 pp., https://www.thegef.org/sites/default/files/publications/SGP-Agroecology%20Publication-Digital.pdf (last access: 15 January 2023), 2017.
UNFCCC: Ideas and proposals on the elements contained in paragraph 1 of the Bali Action Plan FCCC/AWGLCA/2008/MISC.2, https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2008/awglca3/eng/misc02.pdf (last access: 15 January 2023), 2008.
Van Roon, M. and van Roon, H.: Low impact urban design and development: the big picture: An introduction to the LIUDD principles and methods framework, Whenua Press, Lincoln, New Zealand, 64 pp., ISBN: 978-0-478-34703-6, 2009.
Venkataramanan, V., Crocker, J., Karon, A., and Bartram, J.: Community-led
total sanitation: a mixed-methods systematic review of evidence and its
quality, Environ. Health Persp., 126, 026001, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp1965, 2018.
Venter, Z. S., Shackleton, C. M., Van Staden, F., Selomane, O., and
Masterson, V. A.: Green Apartheid: Urban green infrastructure remains
unequally distributed across income and race geographies in South Africa,
Landscape Urban Plan., 203, 103889, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103889, 2020.
Wantzen, K. M., Alves, C. B. M., Badiane, S. D., Bala, R., Blettler, M.,
Callisto, M., Cao, Y., Kolb, M., Kondolf, G. M., and Leite, M. F.: Urban
Stream and Wetland Restoration in the Global South–A DPSIR Analysis,
Sustainability, 11, 4975, https://doi.org/10.3390/su11184975, 2019.
Washbourne, C.-L.: Environmental policy narratives and urban green
infrastructure: Reflections from five major cities in South Africa and the
UK, Environ. Sci. Policy, 129, 96–106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2021.12.016, 2022.
Weise, K., Hedden-Dunkhorst, B., and Wulf, S.: Using Satellite Images for
Wetland Management and Planning in Africa, Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, 72 pp., https://doi.org/10.19217/skr613, 2021.
World Bank: Niger Disaster Risk Management and Urban Development Project, Project number: P145268, Report number: PAD817, 68 pp., https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/593031468324000270/pdf/PAD81700PAD0P1010Box379866B00OUO090.pdf (last access: 15 January 2023), 2013.
World Bank: Landscape Approach to Forest Restoration and Conservation
(LAFREC), Project number: P131464, 123 pp., https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P131464 (last access: 15 January 2023), 2014.
World Bank: Sustainable Land and Water Management (P098538), World Bank, https://publicpartnershipdata.azureedge.net/gef/GEFDocuments/3b89cf19-df7c-e811-8124-3863bb2e1360/PIR/ProjectImplementationReportPIR_5221-P132100-P157595-P098538-2019-PIR-WB-Ghana.pdf (last access: 15 January 2023), 2019.
World Bank: Ethiopia Sustainable Land Management I and II, World Bank,
Washington DC, Report number: 153559, 94 pp.,
https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/126731603826296434/pdf/Ethiopia-Sustainable-Land-Management-Project-I-and-II.pdf (last access: 15 January 2023), 2020a.
World Bank: Upscaling Nature-Based Flood Protection In Mozambique's Cities:
Urban Flood and Erosion Risk Assessment and Potential Nature-Based Solutions
for Nacala and Quelimane, CES Consulting Engineers Salzgitter GmbH,
https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/
pdf/Mozambique-Upscaling-Nature-Based-Flood-Protection-in-
Mozambique-s-Cities-Urban-Flood-and-Erosion-Risk-
Assessment-and-Potential-Nature-Based-Solutions-for-Nacala-and-Quelimane.pdf(last access: 14 January 2023), 2020b.
World Bank: Dar es Salaam Metropolitan Development Project (P169425), World
Bank, https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/
834511632457289612/pdf/Concept-Project-Information-Document-PID-Dar-es-Salaam-Metropolitan-Development-Project-Msimbazi-Basin-Development-P169425.pdf
(last access: 14 January 2023), 2021.
World Bank: Sub-Saharan Africa, https://data.worldbank.org/country/ZG, last access: 5 June 2022.
World Economic Forum: The Sub-Saharan Africa Risks Landscape, World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland, 14 pp., https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_The_Sub-Saharan_Africa_Risks_Landscape_report.pdf (last access: 15 January 2023), 2019.
Zhongming, Z., Linong, L., Xiaona, Y., Wangqiang, Z., and Wei, L.: Resilience to extreme weather, The Royal Society Science Policy Centre, London, 121 pp., ISBN: 978-1-78252-113-6, https://royalsociety.org/~/media/policy/projects/resilience-climate-change/resilience-full-report.pdf (last access: 14 January 2023), 2014.
Zingraff-Hamed, A., Hüesker, F., Lupp, G., Begg, C., Huang, J., Oen, A.,
Vojinovic, Z., Kuhlicke, C., and Pauleit, S.: Stakeholder Mapping to
Co-Create Nature-Based Solutions: Who Is on Board?, Sustainability, 12,
8625, https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208625, 2020.
Zingraff-Hamed, A., Lupp, G., Schedler, J., Huang, J., and Pauleit, S.: 156 Nature-based solutions in the German Alps to mitigate hydro-meteorological risks, EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19–30 Apr 2021, EGU21-8522, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-8522, 2021.
Download
- Article
(2666 KB) - Full-text XML
Editorial statement
The topic treated in this work is potentially interesting for our community, giving the threats presented for Sub-Saharan Africa; it is also a review, so it has the capability to attract a lot of attention from the public.
The topic treated in this work is potentially interesting for our community, giving the threats...
Short summary
In sub-Saharan Africa, there is reported uptake of at least one nature-based solution (NBS) in 71 % of urban areas in the region for mitigating hydro-meteorological risks. These NBSs are implemented where risks exist but not where they are most severe. With these NBSs providing multiple ecosystem services and four out of every five NBSs creating livelihood opportunities, NBSs can help address major development challenges in the region, such as water and food insecurity and unemployment.
In sub-Saharan Africa, there is reported uptake of at least one nature-based solution (NBS) in...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint