Articles | Volume 24, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-583-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-583-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article
| 
16 Feb 2024
Review article |
| 16 Feb 2024
| 16 Feb 2024
Towards a dynamic earthquake risk framework for Switzerland
Maren Böse
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Laurentiu Danciu
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Athanasios Papadopoulos
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
John Clinton
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Carlo Cauzzi
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Irina Dallo
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Leila Mizrahi
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Tobias Diehl
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Paolo Bergamo
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Yves Reuland
Institute of Structural Engineering (IBK), ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
Andreas Fichtner
Seismology and Wave Physics (SWP), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Philippe Roth
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Florian Haslinger
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Frédérick Massin
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Nadja Valenzuela
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Nikola Blagojević
Institute of Structural Engineering (IBK), ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
Lukas Bodenmann
Institute of Structural Engineering (IBK), ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
Eleni Chatzi
Institute of Structural Engineering (IBK), ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
Donat Fäh
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Franziska Glueer
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Marta Han
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Lukas Heiniger
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Paulina Janusz
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Dario Jozinović
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Philipp Kästli
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Federica Lanza
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Timothy Lee
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Panagiotis Martakis
Institute of Structural Engineering (IBK), ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
Michèle Marti
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Men-Andrin Meier
Seismology and Geodynamics (SEG), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Banu Mena Cabrera
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Maria Mesimeri
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Anne Obermann
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Pilar Sanchez-Pastor
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Luca Scarabello
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Nicolas Schmid
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Anastasiia Shynkarenko
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Bozidar Stojadinović
Institute of Structural Engineering (IBK), ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
Domenico Giardini
Seismology and Geodynamics (SEG), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Stefan Wiemer
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Laurentiu Danciu, Domenico Giardini, Graeme Weatherill, Roberto Basili, Shyam Nandan, Andrea Rovida, Céline Beauval, Pierre-Yves Bard, Marco Pagani, Celso G. Reyes, Karin Sesetyan, Susana Vilanova, Fabrice Cotton, and Stefan Wiemer
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Peter Achtziger-Zupančič, Alberto Ceccato, Alba Simona Zappone, Giacomo Pozzi, Alexis Shakas, Florian Amann, Whitney Maria Behr, Daniel Escallon Botero, Domenico Giardini, Marian Hertrich, Mohammadreza Jalali, Xiaodong Ma, Men-Andrin Meier, Julian Osten, Stefan Wiemer, and Massimo Cocco
Solid Earth, 15, 1087–1112, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1087-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1087-2024, 2024
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We detail the selection and characterization of a fault zone for earthquake experiments in the Fault Activation and Earthquake Ruptures (FEAR) project at the Bedretto Lab. FEAR, which studies earthquake processes, overcame data collection challenges near faults. The fault zone in Rotondo granite was selected based on geometry, monitorability, and hydro-mechanical properties. Remote sensing, borehole logging, and geological mapping were used to create a 3D model for precise monitoring.
Konstantinos Trevlopoulos, Pierre Gehl, Caterina Negulescu, Helen Crowley, and Laurentiu Danciu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2383–2401, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2383-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2383-2024, 2024
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The models used to estimate the probability of exceeding a level of earthquake damage are essential to the reduction of disasters. These models consist of components that may be tested individually; however testing these types of models as a whole is challenging. Here, we use observations of damage caused by the 2019 Le Teil earthquake and estimations from other models to test components of seismic risk models.
Graeme Weatherill, Sreeram Reddy Kotha, Laurentiu Danciu, Susana Vilanova, and Fabrice Cotton
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1795–1834, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1795-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1795-2024, 2024
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The ground motion models (GMMs) selected for the 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model (ESHM20) and their uncertainties require adaptation to different tectonic environments. Using insights from new data, local experts and developments in the scientific literature, we further calibrate the ESHM20 GMM logic tree to capture previously unmodelled regional variation. We also propose a new scaled-backbone logic tree for application to Europe's subduction zones and the Vrancea deep seismic source.
Yuriy Marykovskiy, Thomas Clark, Justin Day, Marcus Wiens, Charles Henderson, Julian Quick, Imad Abdallah, Anna Maria Sempreviva, Jean-Paul Calbimonte, Eleni Chatzi, and Sarah Barber
Wind Energ. Sci., 9, 883–917, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-883-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-883-2024, 2024
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This paper delves into the crucial task of transforming raw data into actionable knowledge which can be used by advanced artificial intelligence systems – a challenge that spans various domains, industries, and scientific fields amid their digital transformation journey. This article underscores the significance of cross-industry collaboration and learning, drawing insights from sectors leading in digitalisation, and provides strategic guidance for further development in this area.
Irina Dallo, Michèle Marti, Nadja Valenzuela, Helen Crowley, Jamal Dabbeek, Laurentiu Danciu, Simone Zaugg, Fabrice Cotton, Domenico Giardini, Rui Pinho, John F. Schneider, Céline Beauval, António A. Correia, Olga-Joan Ktenidou, Päivi Mäntyniemi, Marco Pagani, Vitor Silva, Graeme Weatherill, and Stefan Wiemer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 291–307, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-291-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-291-2024, 2024
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For the release of cross-country harmonised hazard and risk models, a communication strategy co-defined by the model developers and communication experts is needed. The strategy should consist of a communication concept, user testing, expert feedback mechanisms, and the establishment of a network with outreach specialists. Here we present our approach for the release of the European Seismic Hazard Model and European Seismic Risk Model and provide practical recommendations for similar efforts.
Lukas Bodenmann, Jack W. Baker, and Božidar Stojadinović
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2387–2402, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2387-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2387-2023, 2023
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Understanding spatial patterns in earthquake-induced ground motions is key for assessing the seismic risk of distributed infrastructure systems. To study such patterns, we propose a novel model that accounts for spatial proximity, as well as site and path effects, and estimate its parameters from past earthquake data by explicitly quantifying the inherent uncertainties.
John Douglas, Helen Crowley, Vitor Silva, Warner Marzocchi, Laurentiu Danciu, and Rui Pinho
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-991, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-991, 2023
Preprint withdrawn
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Estimates of the earthquake ground motions expected during the lifetime of a building or the length of an insurance policy are frequently calculated for locations around the world. Estimates for the same location from different studies can show large differences. These differences affect engineering, financial and risk management decisions. We apply various approaches to understand when such differences have an impact on such decisions and when they are expected because data are limited.
Christophe Lienert, Franziska Angly Bieri, Irina Dallo, and Michèle Marti
Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 5, 154, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-5-154-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-5-154-2022, 2022
Sarah Barber, Julien Deparday, Yuriy Marykovskiy, Eleni Chatzi, Imad Abdallah, Gregory Duthé, Michele Magno, Tommaso Polonelli, Raphael Fischer, and Hanna Müller
Wind Energ. Sci., 7, 1383–1398, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1383-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1383-2022, 2022
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Aerodynamic and acoustic field measurements on operating large-scale wind turbines are key for the further reduction in the costs of wind energy. In this work, a novel cost-effective MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems)-based aerodynamic and acoustic wireless measurement system that is thin, non-intrusive, easy to install, low power and self-sustaining is designed and tested.
Xiaodong Ma, Marian Hertrich, Florian Amann, Kai Bröker, Nima Gholizadeh Doonechaly, Valentin Gischig, Rebecca Hochreutener, Philipp Kästli, Hannes Krietsch, Michèle Marti, Barbara Nägeli, Morteza Nejati, Anne Obermann, Katrin Plenkers, Antonio P. Rinaldi, Alexis Shakas, Linus Villiger, Quinn Wenning, Alba Zappone, Falko Bethmann, Raymi Castilla, Francisco Seberto, Peter Meier, Thomas Driesner, Simon Loew, Hansruedi Maurer, Martin O. Saar, Stefan Wiemer, and Domenico Giardini
Solid Earth, 13, 301–322, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-301-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-301-2022, 2022
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Questions on issues such as anthropogenic earthquakes and deep geothermal energy developments require a better understanding of the fractured rock. Experiments conducted at reduced scales but with higher-resolution observations can shed some light. To this end, the BedrettoLab was recently established in an existing tunnel in Ticino, Switzerland, with preliminary efforts to characterize realistic rock mass behavior at the hectometer scale.
Mauro Häusler, Paul Richmond Geimer, Riley Finnegan, Donat Fäh, and Jeffrey Ralston Moore
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 1441–1457, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1441-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1441-2021, 2021
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Natural rock arches are valued landmarks worldwide. As ongoing erosion can lead to rockfall and collapse, it is important to monitor the structural integrity of these landforms. One suitable technique involves measurements of resonance, produced when mainly natural sources, such as wind, vibrate the spans. Here we explore the use of two advanced processing techniques to accurately measure the resonant frequencies, damping ratios, and deflection patterns of several rock arches in Utah, USA.
Mario Arroyo-Solórzano, Diego Castro-Rojas, Frédérick Massin, Lepolt Linkimer, Ivonne Arroyo, and Robin Yani
Solid Earth, 12, 2127–2144, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2127-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2127-2021, 2021
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We present the first seismic noise variation levels during COVID-19 in Central America using 10 seismometers. We study the impact of the seismic noise reduction on the detectability of earthquakes and on the felt reports. Our results show maximum values (~50 % decrease) at seismic stations near airports and densely inhabited cities. The decrease in seismic noise improved earthquake locations and reports. Seismic noise could also be useful to verify compliance with lockdown measures.
Irene Bianchi, Elmer Ruigrok, Anne Obermann, and Edi Kissling
Solid Earth, 12, 1185–1196, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1185-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1185-2021, 2021
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The European Alps formed during collision between the European and Adriatic plates and are one of the most studied orogens for understanding the dynamics of mountain building. In the Eastern Alps, the contact between the colliding plates is still a matter of debate. We have used the records from distant earthquakes to highlight the geometries of the crust–mantle boundary in the Eastern Alpine area; our results suggest a complex and faulted internal crustal structure beneath the higher crests.
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Short summary
Seismic hazard and risk are time dependent as seismicity is clustered and exposure can change rapidly. We are developing an interdisciplinary dynamic earthquake risk framework for advancing earthquake risk mitigation in Switzerland. This includes various earthquake risk products and services, such as operational earthquake forecasting and early warning. Standardisation and harmonisation into seamless solutions that access the same databases, workflows, and software are a crucial component.
Seismic hazard and risk are time dependent as seismicity is clustered and exposure can change...
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