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NHESS | Articles | Volume 18, issue 9
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2471–2488, 2018
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2471-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2471-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2471–2488, 2018
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2471-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2471-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article 17 Sep 2018
Review article | 17 Sep 2018
Review article: Climate change impacts on dam safety
Javier Fluixá-Sanmartín et al.
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Javier Fluixá-Sanmartín, Adrián Morales-Torres, Ignacio Escuder-Bueno, and Javier Paredes-Arquiola
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2117–2139, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2117-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2117-2019, 2019
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Climate change is likely to affect the different factors driving dam failure risks. This article analyses the impact of climate change on the safety of a Spanish dam. Results show a progressive deterioration of the dam failure risk, mainly due to an alteration of the hydrological regime. The approach followed in this paper can serve as a useful guidebook for dam owners and dam safety practitioners in the analysis of other study cases.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Javier Fluixá-Sanmartín, Deng Pan, Luzia Fischer, Boris Orlowsky, Javier García-Hernández, Frédéric Jordan, Christoph Haemmig, Fangwei Zhang, and Jijun Xu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 889–910, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-889-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-889-2018, 2018
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In China, droughts represent a severe threat to socioeconomic development and ecosystems. It is thus necessary to characterize these events in order to reduce and anticipate their impacts. This study proposes an innovative approach for a catchment-wide drought detection and characterization. Two overall drought indicators have been defined and calibrated with real historical events, which have been collected and cataloged.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Javier Fluixá-Sanmartín, Adrián Morales-Torres, Ignacio Escuder-Bueno, and Javier Paredes-Arquiola
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2117–2139, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2117-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2117-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is likely to affect the different factors driving dam failure risks. This article analyses the impact of climate change on the safety of a Spanish dam. Results show a progressive deterioration of the dam failure risk, mainly due to an alteration of the hydrological regime. The approach followed in this paper can serve as a useful guidebook for dam owners and dam safety practitioners in the analysis of other study cases.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Javier Fluixá-Sanmartín, Deng Pan, Luzia Fischer, Boris Orlowsky, Javier García-Hernández, Frédéric Jordan, Christoph Haemmig, Fangwei Zhang, and Jijun Xu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 889–910, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-889-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-889-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In China, droughts represent a severe threat to socioeconomic development and ecosystems. It is thus necessary to characterize these events in order to reduce and anticipate their impacts. This study proposes an innovative approach for a catchment-wide drought detection and characterization. Two overall drought indicators have been defined and calibrated with real historical events, which have been collected and cataloged.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Jesica Tamara Castillo-Rodríguez, Ignacio Escuder-Bueno, Sara Perales-Momparler, and Juan Ramón Porta-Sancho
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1699–1718, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1699-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1699-2016, 2016
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This article presents a method to incorporate and promote quantitative flood risk analysis to support local action planning against flooding. The conducted research work aims at providing a framework for local flood risk analysis and to support risk-informed decision-making (e.g. urban planning and development, flood risk management, civil protection). This article shows the added value of a risk-informed perspective, applied to a real case study in Spain.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
J. T. Castillo-Rodríguez, I. Escuder-Bueno, L. Altarejos-García, and A. Serrano-Lombillo
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 379–400, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-379-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-379-2014, 2014
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Risk Assessment, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies, Socioeconomic and Management Aspects
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Global-scale benefit–cost analysis of coastal flood adaptation to different flood risk drivers using structural measures
Flood Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Traditional Buildings in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Flash floods versus river floods – a comparison of psychological impacts and implications for precautionary behaviour
Urban pluvial flood risk assessment – data resolution and spatial scale when developing screening approaches on the microscale
Linking drought indices to impacts to support drought risk assessment in Liaoning province, China
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Assessing transportation vulnerability to tsunamis: utilising post-event field data from the 2011 Tōhoku tsunami, Japan, and the 2015 Illapel tsunami, Chile
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Elena Petrova
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1969–1983, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1969-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1969-2020, 2020
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Using the information of the author's database, contributions of natural hazards and adverse weather to occurrences of different types of transport accidents and traffic disruptions including road, railway, air, and water transport were revealed. Regional differences in the risk of transport accidents and traffic disruptions caused by adverse natural impacts between Russian federal regions were found. The resulting maps were created and analyzed. Regions most at risk were identified.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Christoph Scheingraber and Martin Käser
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1903–1918, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1903-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1903-2020, 2020
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Probabilistic seismic risk analysis is widely used in the insurance industry to model losses to insured portfolios by earthquake events. Risk items are often only known to be located within an administrative geographical zone, but precise coordinates remain unknown to the modeler. We analyze spatial seismic hazard and loss rate variation inside administrative zones in western Indonesia. Building upon this, we present a novel framework for efficient treatment of portfolio location uncertainty.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Marco Broccardo, Arnaud Mignan, Francesco Grigoli, Dimitrios Karvounis, Antonio Pio Rinaldi, Laurentiu Danciu, Hannes Hofmann, Claus Milkereit, Torsten Dahm, Günter Zimmermann, Vala Hjörleifsdóttir, and Stefan Wiemer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1573–1593, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1573-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1573-2020, 2020
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This study presents a first-of-its-kind pre-drilling probabilistic induced seismic risk analysis for the Geldinganes (Iceland) deep-hydraulic stimulation. The results of the assessment indicate that the individual risk within a radius of 2 km around the injection point is below the safety limits. However, the analysis is affected by a large variability due to the presence of pre-drilling deep uncertainties. This suggests the need for online risk updating during the stimulation.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Simon Horton, Stan Nowak, and Pascal Haegeli
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1557–1572, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1557-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1557-2020, 2020
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Numeric snowpack models currently offer limited value to operational avalanche forecasters. To improve the relevance and interpretability of model data, we introduce and discuss visualization principles that map model data into visual representations that can inform avalanche hazard assessments.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Dragos Toma-Danila, Iuliana Armas, and Alexandru Tiganescu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1421–1439, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1421-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1421-2020, 2020
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Natural hazards have an increasing impact on transportation networks. In order to analyze it we developed Network-risk – an open toolbox for ArcGIS. The toolbox links input data such as network datasets (also OpenStreetMap – OSM – data), traffic values or segments which can be affected, determining the difficulty to reach an area and enabling evaluation of socioeconomic implications. By testing Network-risk for Bucharest we show areas difficult to reach by emergency units in earthquakes.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Giacomo Sevieri, Carmine Galasso, Dina D'Ayala, Richard De Jesus, Andres Oreta, Mary Earl Daryl A. Grio, and Rhodella Ibabao
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1391–1414, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1391-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1391-2020, 2020
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Multi-hazard risk assessment of cultural heritage assets is of primary importance in natural-hazard-prone areas, particularly for the prioritization of disaster risk reduction and resilience-enhancing strategies. This paper introduces a multi-hazard risk prioritisation framework specifically developed for cultural heritage assets. The proposed framework relies on a multi-level rapid-visual-survey form for the multi-hazard data collection and risk prioritization of case-study assets.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Luca Locatelli, Beniamino Russo, Alejandro Acero Oliete, Juan Carlos Sánchez Catalán, Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz, and Montse Martínez
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1219–1232, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1219-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1219-2020, 2020
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Bathing water quality at public beaches is often compromised by the presence of urban sewer systems that usually discharge, mostly during rainfalls, untreated sewer water into lakes, rivers or seas. In this study we analyzed and quantified the impact of sewer discharges into the sea of a large Spanish city. This study provides a useful idea for local water managers and for people bathing in these areas about how long and how much an urban sewer system can affect the seawater quality.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Chenxiao Tang, Xinlei Liu, Yinghua Cai, Cees Van Westen, Yu Yang, Hai Tang, Chengzhang Yang, and Chuan Tang
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1163–1186, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1163-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1163-2020, 2020
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Recovering from major earthquakes is a challenge due to a destablized environment. Over 11 years, we monitored a region hit by the Wenchuan earthquake, finding the loss caused by postseismic hazards was more than that caused by the earthquake. The main reason was a rush in reconstruction without proper hazard and risk assessment. It was concluded that postseismic recovery should consider not only spatial but also temporal dynamics of hazards as well as possible interaction among hazards.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Philip J. Ward, Veit Blauhut, Nadia Bloemendaal, James E. Daniell, Marleen C. de Ruiter, Melanie J. Duncan, Robert Emberson, Susanna F. Jenkins, Dalia Kirschbaum, Michael Kunz, Susanna Mohr, Sanne Muis, Graeme A. Riddell, Andreas Schäfer, Thomas Stanley, Ted I. E. Veldkamp, and Hessel C. Winsemius
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1069–1096, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1069-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1069-2020, 2020
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We review the scientific literature on natural hazard risk assessments at the global scale. In doing so, we examine similarities and differences between the approaches taken across the different hazards and identify potential ways in which different hazard communities can learn from each other. Finally, we discuss opportunities for learning from methods and approaches being developed and applied to assess natural hazard risks at more continental or regional scales.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Charlotte Heinzlef, Vincent Becue, and Damien Serre
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1049–1068, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1049-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1049-2020, 2020
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The objective of this article is to propose a spatial decision support tool based on geovisualization techniques and a resilience assessment method for flood risk management. The methodology proposed integrates decision-making by identifying characteristics of urban resilience to facilitate its understanding with a visual tool. Results demonstrate a way to operationalize the concept of resilience at a local scale, integrating local stakeholders into a participative process.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Timothy Tiggeloven, Hans de Moel, Hessel C. Winsemius, Dirk Eilander, Gilles Erkens, Eskedar Gebremedhin, Andres Diaz Loaiza, Samantha Kuzma, Tianyi Luo, Charles Iceland, Arno Bouwman, Jolien van Huijstee, Willem Ligtvoet, and Philip J. Ward
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1025–1044, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1025-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1025-2020, 2020
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We present a framework to evaluate the benefits and costs of coastal adaptation through dikes to reduce future flood risk. If no adaptation takes place, we find that global coastal flood risk increases 150-fold by 2080, with sea-level rise contributing the most. Moreover, 15 countries account for 90 % of this increase; that adaptation shows high potential to cost-effectively reduce flood risk. The results will be integrated into the Aqueduct Global Flood Analyzer web tool.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Dina D'Ayala, Kai Wang, Yuan Yan, Helen Smith, Ashleigh Massam, Valeriya Filipova, and Joy Jacqueline Pereira
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2020-96, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2020-96, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
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A localised empirical model that consists multi-level parameters has been built to evaluate the flood vulnerability of residential buildings in a heritage community of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A new economic loss model is developed to quantify the flood risk in terms of replacement cost, taking into account both specific vulnerability and a normalised depth-damage ratio function. The findings provide multi-scale flood-resistant strategies for the protection of individual residential buildings.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Jonas Laudan, Gert Zöller, and Annegret H. Thieken
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 999–1023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-999-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-999-2020, 2020
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The paper focuses on psychological impacts of river floods and flash floods on affected individuals. Since the connection between psychological characteristics and protection motivation is not yet fully understood, potential coherences are investigated with regard to both flood types. As a main result, the frequency of remembering an event seems to be positively connected to a greater willingness to protect oneself, especially if affected by a weaker flood event.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Roland Löwe and Karsten Arnbjerg-Nielsen
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 981–997, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-981-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-981-2020, 2020
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To consider potential future urban developments in pluvial flood risk assessment, we develop empirical relationships for imperviousness and flood damage based on an analysis of existing urban characteristics. Results suggest that (1) data resolutions must be carefully selected, (2) there are lower limits for the spatial scale at which predictions can be generated, and (3) depth-dependent damage estimates are challenging to reproduce empirically and can be vulnerable to simulation artifacts.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Yaxu Wang, Juan Lv, Jamie Hannaford, Yicheng Wang, Hongquan Sun, Lucy J. Barker, Miaomiao Ma, Zhicheng Su, and Michael Eastman
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 889–906, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-889-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-889-2020, 2020
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Due to the specific applicability of drought impact indicators, this study identifies which drought indicators are suitable for characterising drought impacts and the contribution of vulnerability factors. The results show that the relationship varies across different drought impacts and cities; some factors have a strong positive correlation with drought vulnerability. This study can support drought planning work and provide background for the indices used in drought monitoring applications.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Irene Blanco-Gutiérrez, Rhys Manners, Consuelo Varela-Ortega, Ana M. Tarquis, Lucieta G. Martorano, and Marisol Toledo
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 797–813, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-797-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-797-2020, 2020
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The Amazon rainforest is being destroyed, resulting in negative ecological and social impacts. We explore how stakeholders perceive the causes of the Amazon's degradation in Bolivia and Brazil and develop a series of scenarios to help strengthen the balance between human development and environmental conservation. The results suggest that the application of governance and well-integrated technical and social reform strategies encourages positive regional changes even under climate change.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Isabel Meza, Stefan Siebert, Petra Döll, Jürgen Kusche, Claudia Herbert, Ehsan Eyshi Rezaei, Hamideh Nouri, Helena Gerdener, Eklavyya Popat, Janna Frischen, Gustavo Naumann, Jürgen V. Vogt, Yvonne Walz, Zita Sebesvari, and Michael Hagenlocher
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 695–712, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-695-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-695-2020, 2020
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The paper presents, for the first time, a global-scale drought risk assessment for both irrigated and rainfed agricultural systems while considering drought hazard indicators, exposure and expert-weighted vulnerability indicators. We identify global patterns of drought risk and, by disaggregating risk into its underlying components and factors, provide entry points for risk reduction.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Danhua Xin, James Edward Daniell, and Friedemann Wenzel
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 643–672, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-643-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-643-2020, 2020
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Field surveys after major disastrous earthquakes have shown that poor performance of buildings in earthquake-affected areas is the leading cause of human fatalities and economic losses. The evaluation of seismic fragility for existing building stocks has become a crucial issue due to the frequent occurrence of earthquakes in the last decades. This study conducts such a comprehensive review for mainland China and aims to better serve the natural disaster prevention and mitigation cause in China.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Christian Huggel, Mark Carey, Adam Emmer, Holger Frey, Noah Walker-Crawford, and Ivo Wallimann-Helmer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2020-44, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2020-44, 2020
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
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There is increasing interest and need to analyze the contribution of anthropogenic climate change to negative impacts of climate change. We study the case of glacial lake Palcacocha in Peru which poses important flood risk to the city of Huaraz. We found that greenhouse gas emissions, strong urbanization processes without appropriate land-use planning as well as social, cultural, political and institutional factors all contribute to the existing flood risk.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Marcello Arosio, Mario L. V. Martina, and Rui Figueiredo
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 521–547, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-521-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-521-2020, 2020
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Assessing the risk of complex systems to natural hazards is an important and challenging problem. In today’s socio-technological world, the connections and interdependencies between exposed elements are crucial. These complex relations call for a paradigm shift in collective risk assessment. This paper proposes a holistic, graph-based approach for assessing the risk of complex systems. The feasibility of the approach is discussed by an application to a pilot study in Mexico City.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
James H. Williams, Thomas M. Wilson, Nick Horspool, Ryan Paulik, Liam Wotherspoon, Emily M. Lane, and Matthew W. Hughes
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 451–470, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-451-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-451-2020, 2020
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Post-event field survey data from two tsunami events, the 2011 Tōhoku tsunami, Japan, and the 2015 Illapel tsunami, Chile, are used in this study to develop fragility functions for roads and bridges. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of supplementing post-event field surveys with remotely sensed data. The resulting fragility functions address a substantial research gap in tsunami impacts on infrastructure and include a range of subtleties in asset and hazard characteristics.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Yuepeng Cui, Daan Liang, and Bradley Ewing
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 413–424, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-413-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-413-2020, 2020
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The methodology presented in this paper is considered an important entry point to addressing the complex problems related to disaster resilience. Regardless of storms, hurricane impact on local employment is found to be either temporary or permanent in nature. Relating the concept of resilience to observable socioeconomic activities helps us gain a deeper understanding of the drivers and processes of post-storm recovery. Studies play a major role in bridging knowledge gaps.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Dominik Paprotny, Heidi Kreibich, Oswaldo Morales-Nápoles, Paweł Terefenko, and Kai Schröter
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 323–343, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-323-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-323-2020, 2020
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Houses and their contents in Europe are worth trillions of euros, resulting in high losses from natural hazards. Hence, risk assessments need to reliably estimate the size and value of houses, including the value of durable goods kept inside. In this work we show how openly available or open datasets can be used to predict the size of individual residential buildings. Further, we provide standardized monetary values of houses and contents per square metre of floor space for 30 countries.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Philippe Weyrich, Elena Mondino, Marco Borga, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Anthony Patt, and Anna Scolobig
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 287–298, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-287-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-287-2020, 2020
Laddaporn Ruangpan, Zoran Vojinovic, Silvana Di Sabatino, Laura Sandra Leo, Vittoria Capobianco, Amy M. P. Oen, Michael E. McClain, and Elena Lopez-Gunn
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 243–270, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-243-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-243-2020, 2020
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This article aims to provide a critical review of the literature and indicate some directions for future research based on the current knowledge gaps in the area of nature-based solutions (NBSs) for hydro-meteorological risk reduction. The final full analysis was performed on 146 closely related articles. A review showed that many advancements related to NBSs have been made to date, but there are still many challenges that will play an important role in extending knowledge in the coming years.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Lena Lankenau, Christopher Massolle, Bärbel Koppe, and Veronique Krull
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 197–220, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-197-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-197-2020, 2020
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Sandbag and sandbag replacement systems (SBRSs) for flood defence are compared in terms of functionality (practical tests), costs, time, helpers and logistics (fictitious realistic scenarios). SBRSs are comparable in their functionality to sandbagging. All of the SBRSs considered show time-saving and logistical advantages. Under the assumed conditions, the higher investment costs of the SBRSs are offset with one subsequent reuse of the system owing to lower costs for helpers and logistics.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Yuhan Yang, Jie Yin, Mingwu Ye, Dunxian She, and Jia Yu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 181–195, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-181-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-181-2020, 2020
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Emergency medical service (EMS) response is important for pre-hospital lifesaving, but disasters increase the difficulty of rescue, which increases the pressure on EMS facilities. In order to avoid the failure of EMS facilities during disasters, we propose a multi-coverage optimal location model for EMS facilities based on results of disaster risk assessment. Results showed that the optimized EMS locations reduced the delay in response and significantly increased the number of rescued people.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Joel C. Gill, Bruce D. Malamud, Edy Manolo Barillas, and Alex Guerra Noriega
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 149–180, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-149-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-149-2020, 2020
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This paper describes a replicable approach for characterising interactions between natural hazards. Guatemala is exposed to multiple natural hazards, which do not always occur independently. There can be interactions between natural hazards. For example, one hazard may trigger multiple secondary hazards, which can subsequently trigger further hazards. Here we use diverse evidence of such interactions to construct matrices of hazard interactions in Guatemala at national and sub-national scales.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Alessia Ferrari, Susanna Dazzi, Renato Vacondio, and Paolo Mignosa
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 59–72, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-59-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-59-2020, 2020
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With the aim of improving resilience to flooding, this paper presents a methodology for creating a wide database of hypothetical levee-breach scenarios obtained from 2-D numerical modelling. The results can support civil protection activities during emergency planning and management, increasing preparedness against floods. The methodology is applicable to any lowland area protected by river levees. An example of the outcome concerning a pilot area in northern Italy is presented here.
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Nina Frolova, Valery Larionov, Jean Bonnin, Sergey Suchshev, Alexander Ugarov, and Nataliya Malaeva
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 95–106, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-95-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-95-2020, 2020
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The paper is devoted to the structure and content of impact databases for natural disasters and technological accidents. The application of the database for disaster risk assessment and management is highlighted. Special attention is paid to usage of impact data for calibration of earthquake loss models in order to increase the reliability of
near-real-time estimates.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Gyumin Lee, Kyung Soo Jun, and Minji Kang
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2767–2779, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2767-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2767-2019, 2019
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This study proposes a system for the scientific selection of evaluation indices and priority areas for non-point source control. We developed a framework to prioritize catchments in terms of the risk of non-point source pollution considering the characteristics of polluted runoff from a non-point source using a multi-criteria decision-making method.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Catarina Alonso, Celia M. Gouveia, Ana Russo, and Patrícia Páscoa
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2727–2743, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2727-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2727-2019, 2019
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A vulnerability assessment method is proposed to identify the most vulnerable regions over Portugal. Two methods were compared, namely a subjective categorical method and an automatic method, based on drought indicators, vegetation indices and soil variables. Both methods present similar results, and both identify Minho (Alentejo) as having low (extreme) vulnerability. The automatic method has advantages, as it is fully statistical and presents results without prior knowledge of the region.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Mark Bawa Malgwi, Sven Fuchs, and Margreth Keiler
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2019-366, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2019-366, 2019
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
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Damage prediction is important for economic assessment of future flood scenarios so that stake-holders and emergency planners can strategize against disasters. This paper utilizes a combination of methods (vulnerability indicators and synthetic what-if analysis) to develop a conceptual framework for predicting building damage grade in data-scarce regions. The framework promotes transferability of damage prediction methods in data-scarce areas and can be fully implemented using expert knowledge.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Daniela Molinari, Anna Rita Scorzini, Alice Gallazzi, and Francesco Ballio
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2565–2582, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2565-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2565-2019, 2019
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The paper presents AGRIDE-c: a conceptual model for the estimation of flood damage to crops. The model estimates both the physical damage on the plants and its economic consequences on the income of the farmers. This allows AGRIDE-c to support effective damage mitigation strategies, at both public and individual farmer levels. The model can be adapted to different geographical and economic contexts, as exemplified by its implementation for the context of northern Italy.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Claire Richert, Hélène Boisgontier, and Frédéric Grelot
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2525–2539, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2525-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2525-2019, 2019
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To limit the losses due to floods, people can adopt measures to protect their dwellings. We assessed the cost and efficacy of such measures using computer modelling. We found that the benefits of most of the measures studied are unlikely to exceed their cost when they are taken in dwellings that are not exposed to frequent floods (probability of occurrence of less than 1 / 100 per year). It is also often less expensive to use building materials adapted to floods than other common materials.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Barbara Paterson and Anthony Charles
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2465–2475, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2465-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2465-2019, 2019
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Communities need to be prepared to deal with increasing exposure to natural hazards. We compared and categorized hazard responses reported in over 300 community case studies. A global overview of local response actions can help local communities, policymakers and funding agencies to develop effective strategies to prepare for and manage natural disasters. We found that actions are typically hazard specific and most directed at individual and material well-being.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Torsten Masson, Sebastian Bamberg, Michael Stricker, and Anna Heidenreich
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2371–2384, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2371-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2371-2019, 2019
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In the current study (N = 118), we found evidence for a buffering effect of community resilience (as a form of social support) on post-disaster mental health and life satisfaction. Our work shows that previous work might have underestimated the effect of social support on post-disaster adjustment. Applying (statistical) moderator analysis, the current work contributes to the discussion of the role of social factors for mental health outcomes of flooding.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Le Thi Thu Hien, Anne Gobin, and Pham Thi Thanh Huong
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2325–2337, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2325-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2325-2019, 2019
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Desertification is influenced by different factors that relate to climate, natural resources and human pressure. In southeast Vietnam nearly 15 % of the area is desertified and another 35 % is at severe risk. With climate change and population growth the desertified area is projected to increase by 122 % towards 2050. We developed a framework that allows for decision support in a
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
what ifstructure, which can be extended to regions that experience similar sensitivities.
Jiawei Yi, Yunyan Du, Fuyuan Liang, Tao Pei, Ting Ma, and Chenghu Zhou
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2169–2182, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2169-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2169-2019, 2019
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This paper utilized the advantages of smartphone location data to study human responses to rainstorm disasters. Intense rainstorms disrupt city residents' behaviors as reflected in anomalies of location-based service requests. Anomaly identification from fine-scale smartphone location data facilitates the monitoring of social responses to rainstorms. Residents' collective geotagged behaviors in different cities show different sensitivities to rainstorms.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Javier Fluixá-Sanmartín, Adrián Morales-Torres, Ignacio Escuder-Bueno, and Javier Paredes-Arquiola
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2117–2139, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2117-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2117-2019, 2019
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Climate change is likely to affect the different factors driving dam failure risks. This article analyses the impact of climate change on the safety of a Spanish dam. Results show a progressive deterioration of the dam failure risk, mainly due to an alteration of the hydrological regime. The approach followed in this paper can serve as a useful guidebook for dam owners and dam safety practitioners in the analysis of other study cases.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Huaming Yu, Yuhang Shen, Ryan M. Kelly, Xin Qi, Kejian Wu, Songlin Li, Haiqing Yu, and Xianwen Bao
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2019-293, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2019-293, 2019
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
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This study establishes an indicator system for social vulnerability evaluation of storm surges for coastal cities. The indicator system is applied to Shenzhen, China and socio-economic impacts are discovered in the results. Exposure, sensitivity and resilience all show an increasing trend from 1986 to 2016, as resilience accounts for the largest increase and is connected to a decreasing social vulnerability trend. The reduction of social vulnerability can be achieved by strengthening resilience.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Adrien Pothon, Philippe Gueguen, Sylvain Buisine, and Pierre-Yves Bard
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1909–1924, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1909-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1909-2019, 2019
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Despite California being a region highly prone to seismic activity, most homeowners are not covered against this risk. This study analyses the reasons for homeowners to purchase insurance to cover earthquake losses, with application in California. Results suggest that only two extreme situations would lead all owners to cover their home with insurance: (1) a widespread belief that a devastating earthquake is imminent; (2) a massive decrease in the average premium amount by a factor exceeding 6.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Anawat Suppasri, Kwanchai Pakoksung, Ingrid Charvet, Constance Ting Chua, Noriyuki Takahashi, Teraphan Ornthammarath, Panon Latcharote, Natt Leelawat, and Fumihiko Imamura
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1807–1822, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1807-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1807-2019, 2019
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It is known that fragility functions reflect localities (building design standards and topography) and flow velocity is more important, as damage might occur before flow depth reaches its maximum value. This research demonstrates that it is possible to accurately predict building damage by considering related forces with high accuracy, including resistant force, based on building design standards. This method will be useful for damage assessment in areas that have no experience of tsunamis.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Palaiologos Palaiologou, Alan A. Ager, Cody R. Evers, Max Nielsen-Pincus, Michelle A. Day, and Haiganoush K. Preisler
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1755–1777, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1755-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1755-2019, 2019
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For 11 western US states we addressed gaps in existing wildfire risk assessments that do not explicitly consider cross-boundary fire transmission among major landowners and do not identify the sources of fire for exposed communities. Stochastic wildfire simulation outputs were post-processed in a geo-spatial framework. Our methods can be implemented across different regions of the world to inform fire management agency decisions on the locations of future fuel management projects.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Koen D. Berends, Menno W. Straatsma, Jord J. Warmink, and Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1737–1753, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1737-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1737-2019, 2019
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River flooding is a major safety concern. Sophisticated models are used to design ways to decrease flood risk, but until recently it was not feasible to calculate how uncertain these model predictions are. Using a new approach, we have now quantified the uncertainty of 12 interventions along the River Waal. Results show significant but not problematically high uncertainty. We demonstrate that the choice between interventions can be different when uncertainty is taken into account.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Johanna Englhardt, Hans de Moel, Charles K. Huyck, Marleen C. de Ruiter, Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts, and Philip J. Ward
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1703–1722, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1703-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1703-2019, 2019
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Large-scale risk assessments can be improved by a more direct relation between the type of exposed buildings and their flood impact. Compared to the common land-use-based approach, this model reflects heterogeneous structures and defines building-material-based vulnerability classes. This approach is particularly interesting for areas with large variations of building types, such as developing countries and large scales, and enables vulnerability comparison across different natural disasters.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Rosa Vicari, Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia, Bruno Tisserand, and Daniel Schertzer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1485–1498, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1485-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1485-2019, 2019
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Today, when extreme weather affects an urban area, huge numbers of digital data are spontaneously produced by the population on the Web. These
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
digital trailscan provide insight into the relation between climate-related risks and the social perception of these risks. The experiments presented in this paper show that big data exploration techniques can amplify debated issues and actors and explore how social media users behave.
Punit Kumar Bhola, Jorge Leandro, and Markus Disse
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1445–1457, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1445-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1445-2019, 2019
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This study investigates the use of measured water levels to reduce uncertainty bounds of two-dimensional hydrodynamic model output. Uncertainty assessment is generally not reported in practice due to the lack of best practices and too wide uncertainty bounds. Hence, a novel method to reduce the bounds by constraining the model parameter, mainly roughness, is presented. The operational practitioners as well as researchers benefit from the study in the field of flood risk management.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Katerina Papagiannaki, Vassiliki Kotroni, Kostas Lagouvardos, and Giorgos Papagiannakis
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1329–1346, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1329-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1329-2019, 2019
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The aim of this work is to advance knowledge on the mechanisms of flood precautionary behavior in an area not adequately addressed. Risk managers may identify gaps in risk communication, advance their understanding of citizens' precautionary behaviors, and adjust their strategies to improve flood resilience. The survey was launched by meteo.gr. This work is part of the study of weather-related hazards and societal impact conducted by IERSD/NOA.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
Victor O. Oladokun and Burrell E. Montz
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1151–1165, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1151-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1151-2019, 2019
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Community resilience is an important policy and research concept. However, lack of an operational measurement framework exists due to difficulties in systematically integrating socioeconomic and techno-ecological factors. A conceptual and mathematical model was developed and a fuzzy logic equivalent of the model implemented to generate a resilience index for three communities in the US. This model offers a viable approach for measuring community flood resilience despite data limitations.
This article is included in the Encyclopedia of Geosciences
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Short summary
Climate change can affect the safety of water infrastructures such as dams. However, related information is vast and scattered, and the assessment of these impacts remains complex.
This article seeks a multidisciplinary review of the potential impacts of climate change in every component of dam safety. This will provide useful information for dam owners and dam safety practitioners in their decision-making process.
Climate change can affect the safety of water infrastructures such as dams. However, related...
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