Alcaldía de Medellín: Plan de ordenamiento territorial, Acuerdo 48 de 2014, Medellín, File Rep., published at Gaceta Oficial 4267 on 17 December 2014,
https://www.medellin.gov.co/irj/go/km/docs/pccdesign/SubportaldelCiudadano_2/PlandeDesarrollo_0_17/ProgramasyProyectos/Shared Content/Documentos/2014/POT/ACUERDO POT-19-12-2014.pdf (last access: 13 July 2023), 2014.
Baudoin, M. A., Henly-Shepard, S., Fernando, N., Sitati, A., and Zommers, Z.: From Top-Down to “Community-Centric” Approaches to Early Warning Systems: Exploring Pathways to Improve Disaster Risk Reduction Through Community Participation, Int. J Disast. Risk Sci., 7, 163–174, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-016-0085-6, 2016.
Breuninger, T., Menschik, B., Demharter, A., Gamperl, M., and Thuro, K.: Investigation of critical geotechnical, petrological and mineralogical parameters for landslides in deeply weathered dunite rock (Medellín, Colombia), Int. J.Env. Res. Pub. He., 18, 11141, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111141, 2021.
Brillembourg, A., Feireiss, K., and Klumpner, H.: Informal city: Caracas case, urban think tank, Prestel, Munich, 360 pp., 2005.
Congress of Colombia: Colombian Law 1523/2012,
https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma.php?i=47141 (last access: 28 March 2023), 2012.
Fathani, T. F., Karnawati, D., and Wilopo, W.: An integrated methodology to develop a standard for landslide early warning systems, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2123–2135, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2123-2016, 2016.
Fathani, T. F., Karnawati, D., Wilopo, W., and Setiawan, H.: Strengthening the Resilience by Implementing a Standard for Landslide Early Warning System, in: Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1, Issue 1 2022, edited by: Sassa, K., Konagai, K., Tiwari, B., Arbanas, Ž., and Sassa, S., Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16898-7_20, 2023.
FOEN: Protection against Mass Movement Hazard – Guideline for the integrated hazard management of landslides, rockfall and hillslope debris flows, the environment in practice, Natural Hazards, Federal Office for the Environment, Bern, p. 98,
https://www.bafu.admin.ch/dam/bafu/en/dokumente/naturgefahren/uv-umwelt-vollzug/schutz_vor_massenbewegungsgefahren.pdf.download.pdf/protection_againstmassmovementhazards.pdf (last access: 7 May 2024), 2016.
Esposito, M., Palma, L., Belli, A., Sabbatini, L., and Pierleoni, P.: Recent Advances in Internet of Things Solutions for Early Warning Systems: A Review, Sensors, 22, 2124, https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062124, 2022.
Gamperl, M., Singer, J., and Thuro, K.: Internet of Things Geosensor Network for Cost-Effective Landslide Early Warning Systems, Sensors, 21, 2609, https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082609, 2021.
Gamperl, M., Singer, J., Garcia-Londoño, C., Seiler, L., Castañeda, J., Cerón-Hernandez, D., and Thuro, K.: An integrated, replicable Landslide Early Warning System for informal settlements – case study in Medellín, Colombia, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-20, 2023.
Garcia, C. and Fearnley, C.: Evaluating critical links in early warning systems for natural hazards, Environ. Hazards-UK, 11, 123–137, https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2011.609877, 2012.
Heffer, C. and ELLA Brazil: Rio de Janeiro city's early warning system for heavy rain, Policy Brief ELLA, p. 7, https://www.gov.uk/research-for-development-outputs/ella-policy-brief-rio-de-janeiro-city-s-early-warning-system-for (last access: 13 April 2024), 2013.
Heim, A.: Der Bergsturz und Menschenleben, Fretz und Wasmuth Verlag, p. 218, 1932.
Hossain, M., Leminen, S., and Westerlund, M.: A systematic review of living lab literature, J. Clean. Prod., 213, 976–988, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.257, 2019.
Imparato, I. and Ruster, J.: Slum upgrading and participation: Lessons from Latin America, World Bank Publications, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, Washington, D.C., ISBN 0-8213-5370-5, 2003.
IPCC: AR6 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2023, Headline Statements C.5, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC,
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/resources/spm-headline-statements/ (last accerss: 7 May 2024), 2023.
ISO 22327: Security and resilience — Emergency management — Guidelines for implementation of a community based landslide early warning system, 2018.
Kelman, I. and Glantz, M. H.: Early Warning Systems Defined, in: Reducing Disaster: Early Warning Systems For Climate Change, edited by: Singh, A. and Zommers, Z., Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8598-3_5, 89–108, 2014.
Kühnl, M., Sapena, M., and Taubenböck, H.: Categorizing Urban Structural Types using an Object-Based Local Climate Zone Classification Scheme in Medellín, Colombia, in: Proceedings of the REAL CORP 2021, 26th International Conference on Urban Development, Regional Planning and Information Society, Vienna, Austria, 7–10 September 2021, 173–182, 2021.
Kühnl, M., Sapena, M., Wurm, M., Geiß, C., and Taubenböck, H.: Multitemporal landslide exposure and vulnerability assessment in Medellín, Colombia, Nat. Hazards, 119, 883–906, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05679-z, 2022.
Marchezini, V., Horita, F. E. A., Matsuo, P. M., Trajber, R., Trejo-Rangel, M. A., and Olivato, D.: A Review of Studies on Participatory Early Warning Systems (P-EWS): Pathways to Support Citizen Science Initiatives, Front. Earth Sci., 6, 184, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00184, 2018.
Mazereeuw, M. and Yarina, E.: Emergency Preparedness Hub: Designing Decentralized Systems for Disaster Resilience, J. Architect. Educ. 71, 65–72, https://doi.org/10.1080/10464883.2017.1260928, 2017.
Melo, P. D. O., De Britto, R. M., Fontainha, T. C., Leiras, A., and Bandeira, R. A. D. M.: Evaluation of community leaders' perception regarding Alerta Rio, the warning system for landslides caused by heavy rains in Rio de Janeiro, Nat. Hazards, 89, 1343–1368, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-3023-z, 2017
Mesa Interbarrial de Desconectados: Problemáticas de la vivienda en los sectores populares de Medellín, Public Report,
https://mesainterbarrialdedesconectados.blogspot.com/2011/05/problematicas-de-la-vivienda-en-los.html (last access: 13 April 2024), 2011.
Michoud, C., Bazin, S., Blikra, L. H., Derron, M.-H., and Jaboyedoff, M.: Experiences from site-specific landslide early warning systems, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2659–2673, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-2659-2013, 2013.
Müller, I., Taubenböck, H., Kuffer, M., and Wurm, M.: Misperceptions of predominant slum locations? Spatial analysis of slum locations in terms of topography based on earth observation data, Remote Sens.-Basel, 12, 2474, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12152474, 2020.
Padilla Galicia, S., Redondo Gómez, M., Ribbeck, E., Espinosa Dorantes, E., Bedregal Villanueva, J. F., Villareal Molina, H. de J., Misselwitz, P., Roettchen, T., Wemhöener, A., and Weisel, A.: Urbanismo informal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Azcapotzalco,
http://zaloamati.azc.uam.mx/handle/11191/2431 (last access: 13 April 2024), 2009.
Peduzzi, P., Deichmann, U., Dao, Q.-H., Herold, C., Chatenoux, B., and De Bono, A.: 2009 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction: patterns, trends and drivers,
https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch//unige:32362 (last access: 13 April 2024), 2009.
Perlman, J.: Favela: Four decades of living on the edge in Rio de Janeiro, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-536836-9, 2010.
Peters, L. E., Clark-Ginsberg, A., McCaul, B., Cáceres, G., Nu nez, A. L., Balagna, J., López, A., Patel, S. S., Patel, R. B., and Van Den Hoek, J.: Informality, violence, and disaster risks: Coproducing inclusive early warning and response systems in urban informal settlements in Honduras, Frontiers in Climate, 4, 937244, https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2022.937244, 2022.
Prakasam, C., Aravinth, R., Varinder, S. Kanwar, and Nagarajan B.: Design and Development of Real-time landslide early warning system through low cost soil and rainfall sensors, Mater. Today-Pro., 45, 5649–5654, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.456, ISSN 2214-7853, 2021.
Rendón-Giraldo, D. A.: Departamento de Geociencias y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia, personal communication, 18 November 2020.
Rojas, F., Jaramillo, K., Zapata, A., Holguín, V., and Durango, V.: Analysis of the Temporary Lease Grant in the City of Medellín, Revista Visión Contable Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana, 25 pp., https://doi.org/10.24142/rvc, 2022.
Sapena, M., Kühnl, M., Wurm, M., Patino, J. E., Duque, J. C., and Taubenböck, H.: Empiric recommendations for population disaggregation under different data scenarios, PLOS ONE, 17, e0274504, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274504, 2022.
Sapena, M., Gamperl, M., Kühnl, M., Garcia-Londoño, C., Singer, J., and Taubenböck, H.: Cost estimation for the monitoring instrumentation of landslide early warning systems, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3913–3930, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3913-2023, 2023.
Schneidewind, U.: Urbane Reallabore: ein Blick in die aktuelle Forschungswerkstatt, Planung neu denken – ein Magazin mit Texten und Diskussionen zur Entwicklung von Stadt und Region,
https://archiv.planung-neu-denken.de/images/stories/pnd/dokumente/3_2014/pndlonline_2014-3_ebook.pdf (last access: 7 May 2024), 2014.
Segoni, S., Leoni, L., Benedetti, A. I., Catani, F., Righini, G., Falorni, G., Gabellani, S., Rudari, R., Silvestro, F., and Rebora, N.: Towards a definition of a real-time forecasting network for rainfall induced shallow landslides, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 2119–2133, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-2119-2009, 2009.
SIMMA: Sistema de Información de Movimientos en Masa,
https://simma.sgc.gov.co (last access: 30 March 2023), 2023.
Singer, J., Schuhbäck, S., Wasmeier, P., Thuro, K., Heunecke, O., Wunderlich, Th., Glabsch, J., and Festl, J.: Monitoring the Aggenalm landslide using economic deformation measurement techniques, Austrian J. Earth Sci., 102, 20–34, 2009.
Sultana, N. and Tan, S.: Landslide mitigation strategies in southeast Bangladesh: Lessons learned from the institutional responses, Int. J. Disast. Risk Re., 62, 102402, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102402, 2021.
Taubenböck, H., Esch, T., Felbier, A., Wiesner, M., Roth, A., and Dech, S.: Monitoring of mega cities from space, Remote Sens. Environ., 117, 162–176, 2012.
Thapa, P. S. and Adhikari, B. R.: Development of community-based landslide early warning system in the earthquake-affected areas of Nepal Himalaya, J. Mt. Sci., 16, 2701–2713, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-019-5586-5, 2019.
Thuro, K., Singer, J., Menschik, B., Breuninger, T., and Gamperl, M.: Development of an early warning system for landslides in the tropical Andes (Medellín; Colombia), Geomechanics and Tunnelling, 13, 103–115, 2020.
Tobón-Hincapié, M. P., Joya-Camacho, A. M., Marcías-Torres, C. E., Gomez-Gallo, M. H., Zapata-Wills, C., and Velásquez, A.: Medidas de Mitigacíon de la Ladera Oriental del Valle de Aburrá entra las Quebradas La Poblada y La Sanín Alcaldía de Medellín, Secretaria del Medio Ambiente Medellín, Colombia, p. 218, City of Medellín, 2011.
UNDRR: Early warning system,
https://www.undrr.org/terminology/early-warning-system (last access: 9 May 2023), 2023.
UNEP – United Nations Environment Programme: Early Warning Systems: A State of the Art Analysis and Future Directions, Division of Early Warning and Assessment (DEWA), Nairobi, ISBN 978-92-807-3263-4,
https://wedocs.unep.org/20.500.11822/32230 (last access: 13 April 2024), 2012.
UNFCCC – United Nations Climate Change: UN: Early Warning Systems Must Protect Everyone Within Five Years, https://unfccc.int/news/un-early-warning-systems-must-protect-everyone-within-five-years (last access: 13 April 2024), 2022.
UNGRD: Cartilla monitoreo comunitario de movimientos en masa, Unidad Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos, Colombia, https://docplayer.es/169347016-Cartilla-monitoreo-comunitario-de-movimientos-en-masa-2013.html (last access: 13 April 2024), 2013.
UN-Habitat: World Cities Report 2016: Urbanization and Development–Emerging Futures, UN-Habitat, ISBN 978-92-1-133395-4,
https://unhabitat.org/world-cities-report-2016 (last access: 13 April 2024), 2016.
UN-Habitat, UNOPS, and OHCHR: Issue Paper on Informal Settlements, in: Habitat III, Quito,
https://habitat3.org/wp-content/uploads/Habitat-III-Issue-Paper-22_Informal-Settlements-2.0.pdf (last access: 13 April 2024), 2015.
UN/ISDR: Developing early warning systems: a checklist, Third international conference on early warning (EWC III), Bonn, Germany, 2006.
UN/ISDR: Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015–2030, UN/ISDR, Geneva,
https://www.undrr.org/publication/sendai-framework-disaster-risk-reduction-2015-2030#:~:text=The Sendai Framework for Disaster,Investing in disaster reduction for (last access: 13 April 2024), 2015.
von Wirth, T., Fuenfschilling, L., Frantzeskaki, N., and Coenen, L.: Impacts of urban living labs on sustainability transitions: mechanisms and strategies for systemic change through experimentation, Eur. Plan. Stud., 27, 229–257, https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2018.1504895, 2019.
Voytenko, Y., McCormick, K., Evans, J., and Schliwa, G.: Urban living labs for sustainability and low carbon cities in Europe: Towards a research agenda, J. Clean. Prod., 123, 45–54, 2016.
Werthmann, C.: Informal Urbanization in Latin America: Collaborative Transformations of Public Spaces, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, ISBN 9780367545895, 2021.
Wurm, M. and Taubenböck, H.: Detecting social groups from space – Remote sensing-based mapping of morphological slums and assessment with income data, Remote Sens. Lett., 9, 41–50, https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2017.1384586, 2018.
Yasuoka, M., Akasaka, F., Kimura, A., and Ihara, M.: Living labs as a methodology for service design-An analysis based on cases and discussions from a systems approach viewpoint, DS 92: Proceedings of the DESIGN 2018, 15th International Design Conference, 21–24 May 2018, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 127–136, https://doi.org/10.21278/idc.2018.0350, 2018.
