Articles | Volume 24, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3129-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3129-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Sep 2024
Research article |
| 19 Sep 2024
| 19 Sep 2024
Forearc crustal faults as tsunami sources in the upper plate of the Lesser Antilles subduction zone: the case study of the Morne Piton fault system
Melody Philippon
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Géosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, French West Indies, France
Jean Roger
Earth and Structure Processes Department, GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
Jean-Frédéric Lebrun
Géosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Pointe-à-Pitre, French West Indies, France
Isabelle Thinon
BRGM – French geological survey, 3 avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060 Orléans, France
Océane Foix
Géosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Montpellier, France
Stéphane Mazzotti
Géosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Montpellier, France
Marc-André Gutscher
Geo-Ocean, Univ. Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, Brest, France
Leny Montheil
Géosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Montpellier, France
Jean-Jacques Cornée
Géosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Montpellier, France
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EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3926, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3926, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS).
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Deployed in 2022, SWOT satellite was flying over the southwest Pacific region on 19 May 2023 when it recorded the tsunami triggered by a Mw 7.7 earthquake in the Vanuatu Subduction Zone. For the first time ever it provided a 2D image of a tsunami wavefield on a straight SSW-NNE path. Further compared with tsunami numerical simulation outputs, the modelled wavefield and SWOT record show an overall good phase agreement, but simulated amplitudes and energy spectra are lower than the measurements.
Oswald Malcles, Stéphane Mazzotti, Philippe Vernant, and Vincent Godard
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The Armorican region (NW France) is marked by several old coastal and marine markers that are today located several tens of meters above sea level. This fact is commonly explained by sea-level variations and complex tectonic processes (e.g., mantle dynamics). In this study, we test the role of the erosion and the associated flexural (lithospheric bending) response. We show that this simple model of flexural adjustment is to be taken into account to explain the regional evolution.
Océane Foix, Stéphane Mazzotti, Hervé Jomard, Didier Bertil, and the Lesser Antilles Working Group
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1881–1900, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1881-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1881-2025, 2025
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By analyzing historical and instrumental seismic data, fault knowledge, and geodetic measurements, we provide a new understanding of seismic hazard in the Lesser Antilles via seismotectonic zoning. We propose new models that can have a significant impact on seismic hazard assessment, such as the inclusion of mantle wedge seismicity, the inclusion of volcanic seismicity, and a complete revision of the subduction interface zoning.
Jean H. M. Roger and Bernard Pelletier
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We present a catalogue of tsunamis that occurred in the Vanuatu Arc. It has been built based on the analysis of existing catalogues, historical documents, and sea-level data from five coastal tide gauges. Since 1863, 100 tsunamis of local, regional, or far-field origins have been listed; 15 of them show maximum wave amplitudes and/or run-up heights of above 1 m, and 8 are between 0.3 and 1 m. Details are provided for particular events, including debated events or events with no known origin(s).
Amélie Viger, Stéphane Dominguez, Stéphane Mazzotti, Michel Peyret, Maxime Henriquet, Giovanni Barreca, Carmelo Monaco, and Adrien Damon
Solid Earth, 15, 965–988, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-965-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-965-2024, 2024
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New satellite geodetic data (PS-InSAR) evidence a generalized subsidence and an eastward tilting of southeastern Sicily combined with a local relative uplift along its eastern coast. We perform flexural and elastic modeling and show that the slab pull force induced by the Ionian slab roll-back and extrado deformation reproduce the measured surface deformation. Finally, we propose an original seismic cycle model that is mainly driven by the southward migration of the Ionian slab roll-back.
Juliette Grosset, Stéphane Mazzotti, and Philippe Vernant
Solid Earth, 14, 1067–1081, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1067-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-1067-2023, 2023
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In glaciated regions, induced lithosphere deformation is proposed as a key process contributing to fault activity and seismicity. We study the impact of this effect on fault activity in the Western Alps. We show that the response to the last glaciation explains a major part of the geodetic strain rates but does not drive or promote the observed seismicity. Thus, seismic hazard studies in the Western Alps require detailed modeling of the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) transient impact.
Jean Roger, Bernard Pelletier, Aditya Gusman, William Power, Xiaoming Wang, David Burbidge, and Maxime Duphil
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 393–414, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-393-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-393-2023, 2023
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On 10 February 2021 a magnitude 7.7 earthquake occurring at the southernmost part of the Vanuatu subduction zone triggered a regional tsunami that was recorded on many coastal gauges and DART stations of the south-west Pacific region. Beginning with a review of the tectonic setup and its implication in terms of tsunami generation in the region, this study aims to show our ability to reproduce a small tsunami with different types of rupture models and to discuss a larger magnitude 8.2 scenario.
Juliette Grosset, Stéphane Mazzotti, and Philippe Vernant
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Publication in SE not foreseen
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Glacial Isostatic Adjustment is considered as a major process of seismicity in intraplate regions such as Scandinavia and eastern North America. We show that GIA associated with the alpine icecap induces a present-day response in vertical motion and horizontal deformation seen in GNSS strain rate field. We show that GIA induced stress is opposite to strain rate, with the paradoxical consequence that postglacial rebound in the Western Alps can explain the strain rate field but not the seismicity.
Jean Roger, Bernard Pelletier, Maxime Duphil, Jérôme Lefèvre, Jérôme Aucan, Pierre Lebellegard, Bruce Thomas, Céline Bachelier, and David Varillon
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3489–3508, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3489-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3489-2021, 2021
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This study deals with the 5 December 2018 tsunami in New Caledonia and Vanuatu (southwestern Pacific) triggered by a Mw 7.5 earthquake that occurred southeast of Maré, Loyalty Islands, and was widely felt in the region. Numerical modeling results of the tsunami using a non-uniform and a uniform slip model compared to real tide gauge records and observations are globally well correlated for the uniform slip model, especially in far-field locations.
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Short summary
Using novel geophysical datasets, we reassess the slip rate of the Morne Piton fault (Lesser Antilles) at 0.2 mm yr−1 by dividing by four previous estimations and thus increasing the earthquake time recurrence and lowering the associated hazard. We evaluate a plausible magnitude for a potential seismic event of Mw 6.5 ± 0.5. Our multi-segment tsunami model representative of the worst-case scenario gives an overview of tsunami generation if all the fault segments ruptured together.
Using novel geophysical datasets, we reassess the slip rate of the Morne Piton fault (Lesser...
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