Articles | Volume 23, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1817-2023
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1817-2023
Research article
 | 
15 May 2023
Research article |  | 15 May 2023

The role of preconditioning for extreme storm surges in the western Baltic Sea

Elin Andrée, Jian Su, Morten Andreas Dahl Larsen, Martin Drews, Martin Stendel, and Kristine Skovgaard Madsen

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Cited articles

AghaKouchak, A., Chiang, F., Huning, L. S., Love, C. A., Mallakpour, I., Mazdiyasni, O., Moftakhari, H., Papalexiou, S. M., Ragno, E., and Sadegh, M.: Climate extremes and compound hazards in a warming world, Annu. Rev. Earth Pl. Sc., 48, 519–548, 2020. a, b
Alexandersson, H., Schmith, T., Iden, K., and Tuomenvirta, H.: Long-term variations of the storm climate over NW Europe, The Global Atmosphere and Ocean System, 6, 97–120, 1998. a
Andrée, E., Su, J., Larsen, M. A. D., Madsen, K. S., and Drews, M.: Simulating major storm surge events in a complex coastal region, Ocean Model., 162, 101802, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2021.101802, 2021. a, b, c
Andrée, E., Drews, M., Su, J., Larsen, M. A. D., Drønen, N., and Madsen, K. S.: Simulating wind-driven extreme sea levels: Sensitivity to wind speed and direction, Weather and Climate Extremes, 36, 100422, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2022.100422, 2022. a, b, c
Arns, A., Wahl, T., Wolff, C., Vafeidis, A. T., Haigh, I. D., Woodworth, P., Niehüser, S., and Jensen, J.: Non-linear interaction modulates global extreme sea levels, coastal flood exposure, and impacts, Nat. Commun., 11, 1–9, 2020. a
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Short summary
When natural processes interact, they may compound each other. The combined effect can amplify extreme sea levels, such as when a storm occurs at a time when the water level is already higher than usual. We used numerical modelling of a record-breaking storm surge in 1872 to show that other prior sea-level conditions could have further worsened the outcome. Our research highlights the need to consider the physical context of extreme sea levels in measures to reduce coastal flood risk.
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