Articles | Volume 22, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-187-2022
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-187-2022
Research article
 | 
28 Jan 2022
Research article |  | 28 Jan 2022

Investigating the interaction of waves and river discharge during compound flooding at Breede Estuary, South Africa

Sunna Kupfer, Sara Santamaria-Aguilar, Lara van Niekerk, Melanie Lück-Vogel, and Athanasios T. Vafeidis

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Cited articles

AVISO: FES2014 – Global tide model: FES2014 was produced by Noveltis, Legos and CLS and distributed by Aviso+, with support from Cnes, AVISO [data set], https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/es/data/products/auxiliary-products/global-tide-fes.html (last access: 13 November 2020), 2014. 
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Bevacqua, E., Maraun, D., Vousdoukas, M. I., Voukouvalas, E., Vrac, M., Mentaschi, L., and Widmann, M.: Higher probability of compound flooding from precipitation and storm surge in Europe under anthropogenic climate change, Science Advances, 5, eaaw5531, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw5531, 2019. 
Bilskie, M. V. and Hagen, S. C.: Defining Flood Zone Transitions in Low-Gradient Coastal Regions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 2761–2770, https://doi.org/10.1002/2018GL077524, 2018. 
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Short summary
In coastal regions, flooding can occur from combined tides, storms, river discharge, and waves. Effects of waves are commonly neglected when assessing flooding, although these may strongly contribute to extreme water levels. We find that waves combined with tides and river discharge at Breede Estuary, South Africa, increased flood extent and depth and caused earlier flooding than when waves were neglected. This highlights the need to consider all major flood drivers in future flood assessments.
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