Articles | Volume 14, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2165-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2165-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
25 Aug 2014
Research article |
| 25 Aug 2014
Application and prospect of a high-resolution remote sensing and geo-information system in estimating earthquake casualties
T. Feng
School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Eastern Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
Z. Hong
College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
College of Information technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
Q. Fu
Research Institute of Structural Engineering and Disaster Reduction, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
S. Ma
Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Eastern Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
X. Jie
Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Eastern Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
H. Wu
School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
C. Jiang
Department of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Eastern Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
X. Tong
College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
Related authors
No articles found.
S. Xu, R. Huang, Y. Xu, Z. Ye, H. Xie, and X. Tong
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-1-W2-2023, 771–776, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W2-2023-771-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W2-2023-771-2023, 2023
Yuelong Xiao, Qunming Wang, Xiaohua Tong, and Peter M. Atkinson
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3365–3386, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3365-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3365-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Forest age is closely related to forest production, carbon cycles, and other ecosystem services. Existing stand age products in China derived from remote-sensing images are of a coarse spatial resolution and are not suitable for applications at the regional scale. Here, we mapped young forest ages across China at an unprecedented fine spatial resolution of 30 m. The overall accuracy (OA) of the generated map of young forest stand ages across China was 90.28 %.
H. Zhang, B. Xie, S. Liu, R. Ding, Z. Ye, and X. Tong
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B1-2022, 79–84, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B1-2022-79-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B1-2022-79-2022, 2022
Q. Xu, H. Xie, Y. Sun, X. Liu, Y. Guo, P. Huang, B. Li, and X. Tong
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B2-2022, 309–314, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B2-2022-309-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B2-2022-309-2022, 2022
H. Zhang, Y. Shang, X. Tong, J. Chen, W. Ma, M. Li, Y. Lu, and H. Chen
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., V-3-2022, 619–625, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-3-2022-619-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-3-2022-619-2022, 2022
S. Luo, Y. Cheng, Z. Li, Y. Wang, K. Wang, X. Wang, G. Qiao, W. Ye, Y. Li, M. Xia, X. Yuan, Y. Tian, X. Tong, and R. Li
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B3-2021, 491–496, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2021-491-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2021-491-2021, 2021
Y. Gong, H. Xie, X. Tong, Y. Jin, X. Xv, and Q. Wang
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B4-2020, 103–108, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B4-2020-103-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B4-2020-103-2020, 2020
H. Zhang, S. Liu, Z. Ye, X. Tong, H. Xie, S. Zheng, and Q. Du
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B1-2020, 149–155, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B1-2020-149-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B1-2020-149-2020, 2020
Z. Ye, Y. Xu, C. Wei, X. Tong, and U. Stilla
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., V-1-2020, 157–163, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-1-2020-157-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-1-2020-157-2020, 2020
Y. Lu, J. Zhang, X. Tong, X. Lu, W. Han, H. Zhang, H. Zhao, and X. Liu
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., V-3-2020, 141–148, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-3-2020-141-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-3-2020-141-2020, 2020
Y. Wang, X. Tong, H. Xie, M. Jiang, Y. Huang, S. Liu, X. Xu, Q. Du, Q. Wang, and C. Wang
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., V-3-2020, 603–608, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-3-2020-603-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-3-2020-603-2020, 2020
Q. Fu, S. Liu, X. Tong, and H. Wang
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-2-W16, 91–94, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W16-91-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W16-91-2019, 2019
S. Gao, Z. Ye, C. Wei, X. Liu, and X. Tong
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., IV-2-W7, 33–38, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-2-W7-33-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-2-W7-33-2019, 2019
Y. Lu, J. Zhang, X. Tong, W. Han, and H. Zhao
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-2-W13, 1243–1247, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W13-1243-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W13-1243-2019, 2019
Y. Cheng, X. Li, G. Qiao, W. Ye, Y. Huang, Y. Li, K. Wang, Y. Tian, X. Tong, and R. Li
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-2-W13, 1735–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W13-1735-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W13-1735-2019, 2019
R. Li, D. Lv, H. Xiao, S. Liu, Y. Cheng, G. Hai, and X. Tong
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-2-W13, 1759–1763, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W13-1759-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W13-1759-2019, 2019
R. Li, H. Xie, Y. Tian, W. Du, J. Chen, G. Hai, S. Zhang, and X. Tong
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-2-W13, 1765–1769, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W13-1765-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W13-1765-2019, 2019
Z. Ye, Y. Xu, L. Hoegner, X. Tong, and U. Stilla
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-2-W13, 147–153, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W13-147-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W13-147-2019, 2019
Y. Tian, S. Zhang, W. Du, J. Chen, H. Xie, X. Tong, and R. Li
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-3, 1657–1660, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-1657-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-1657-2018, 2018
Wenping Song, Shijie Liu, Xiaohua Tong, Changling Niu, Zhen Ye, Han Zhang, and Yanmin Jin
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., IV-3, 193–196, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-3-193-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-3-193-2018, 2018
Xin Zhang, Shijie Liu, Haifeng Yu, Xiaohua Tong, and Guoman Huang
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., IV-3, 267–271, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-3-267-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-3-267-2018, 2018
W. Du, L. Chen, H. Xie, G. Hai, S. Zhang, and X. Tong
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-2-W7, 1513–1516, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W7-1513-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W7-1513-2017, 2017
G. Hai, H. Xie, J. Chen, L. Chen, R. Li, and X. Tong
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-2-W7, 1517–1520, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W7-1517-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W7-1517-2017, 2017
M. Xia, G. Tang, Y. Tian, W. Ye, R. Li, and X. Tong
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-2-W7, 1569–1573, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W7-1569-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W7-1569-2017, 2017
H. Xiao, S. Liu, R. Li, and X. Tong
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-2-W7, 1575–1577, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W7-1575-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W7-1575-2017, 2017
Rongxing Li, Haifeng Xiao, Shijie Liu, and Xiaohua Tong
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2017-178, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2017-178, 2017
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Fracturing in the RFIS was slightly increased, particularly at its front, from 2003 to 2015. They do not seem to suggest an immediate significant impact on the stability of the shelf. However, with the rapid changes and 3D measurements of Rifts 1 and 2, the most active activities occurred at the front of the FIS from 2001 to 2016. A potential upcoming major calving event in FIS is estimated to occur in 2051. The stability of the ice shelf, particularly Rifts 1 and 2, should be closely monitored.
C. Guo, X. Tong, S. Liu, S. Liu, X. Lu, P. Chen, Y. Jin, and H. Xie
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-3-W1, 49–53, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W1-49-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W1-49-2017, 2017
W. Zhao, X. Tong, H. Xie, Y. Jin, S. Liu, D. Wu, X. Liu, L. Guo, and Q. Zhou
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-3-W1, 213–218, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W1-213-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W1-213-2017, 2017
Q. Zhou, X. Tong, S. Liu, X. Lu, S. Liu, P. Chen, Y. Jin, and H. Xie
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-3-W1, 219–224, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W1-219-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W1-219-2017, 2017
W. Cao, X. H. Tong, S. C. Liu, and D. Wang
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLI-B8, 25–31, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B8-25-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B8-25-2016, 2016
Related subject area
Earthquake Hazards
Modelling seismic ground motion and its uncertainty in different tectonic contexts: challenges and application to the 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model (ESHM20)
Scoring and ranking probabilistic seismic hazard models: an application based on macroseismic intensity data
A dense micro-electromechanical system (MEMS)-based seismic network in populated areas: rapid estimation of exposure maps in Trentino (NE Italy)
Exploring inferred geomorphological sediment thickness as a new site proxy to predict ground-shaking amplification at regional scale: application to Europe and eastern Türkiye
Surface rupture kinematics of the 2020 Mw 6.6 Masbate (Philippines) earthquake determined from optical and radar data
The influence of aftershocks on seismic hazard analysis: a case study from Xichang and the surrounding areas
Characteristics and mechanisms of near-surface negative atmospheric electric field anomalies preceding the 5 September 2022, Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake in China
Seismogenic depth and seismic coupling estimation in the transition zone between Alps, Dinarides and Pannonian Basin for the new Slovenian seismic hazard model
Towards a dynamic earthquake risk framework for Switzerland
Understanding flow characteristics from tsunami deposits at Odaka, Joban Coast, using a deep neural network (DNN) inverse model
Spring water anomalies before two consecutive earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6) in Kahramanmaraş (Türkiye) on 6 February 2023
Update on the seismogenic potential of the Upper Rhine Graben southern region
Forearc crustal faulting and estimated worst-case tsunami scenario in the upper plate of subduction zones. Case study of the Morne Piton Fault system (Lesser Antilles, Guadeloupe Archipelago)
Earthquake forecasting model for Albania: the area source model and the smoothing model
The 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model: Overview and Results
The footprint of a historical paleoearthquake: the sixth-century-CE event in the European western Southern Alps
Risk-informed representative earthquake scenarios for Valparaíso and Viña del Mar, Chile
Seismic background noise levels in the Italian strong-motion network
Testing machine learning models for heuristic building damage assessment applied to the Italian Database of Observed Damage (DaDO)
The seismic hazard from the Lembang Fault, Indonesia, derived from InSAR and GNSS data
Harmonizing seismicity information in Central Asian countries: earthquake catalog and active faults
Rapid estimation of seismic intensities by analyzing early aftershock sequences using the robust locally weighted regression program (LOWESS)
A 2700-yr record of Cascadia megathrust and crustal/slab earthquakes from Upper and Lower Squaw Lakes, Oregon
Towards improving the spatial testability of aftershock forecast models
Testing the 2020 European Seismic Hazard and Risk Models using data from the 2019 Le Teil (France) earthquake
The Earthquake Risk Model of Switzerland ERM-CH23
Accounting for path and site effects in spatial ground-motion correlation models using Bayesian inference
Seismogenic potential and tsunami threat of the strike-slip Carboneras fault in the western Mediterranean from physics-based earthquake simulations
Earthquake hazard characterization by using entropy: application to northern Chilean earthquakes
Seismic risk scenarios for the residential buildings in the Sabana Centro province in Colombia
Looking for undocumented earthquake effects: a probabilistic analysis of Italian macroseismic data
Spatiotemporal seismicity pattern of the Taiwan orogen
A web-based GIS (web-GIS) database of the scientific articles on earthquake-triggered landslides
Evaluation of liquefaction triggering potential in Italy: a seismic-hazard-based approach
Earthquake vulnerability assessment of the built environment in the city of Srinagar, Kashmir Himalaya, using a geographic information system
Earthquake-induced landslides in Norway
PERL: a dataset of geotechnical, geophysical, and hydrogeological parameters for earthquake-induced hazards assessment in Terre del Reno (Emilia-Romagna, Italy)
Development of a seismic loss prediction model for residential buildings using machine learning – Ōtautahi / Christchurch, New Zealand
A non-extensive approach to probabilistic seismic hazard analysis
Inferring the depth and magnitude of pre-instrumental earthquakes from intensity attenuation curves
Tsunami scenario triggered by a submarine landslide offshore of northern Sumatra Island and its hazard assessment
Scrutinizing and rooting the multiple anomalies of Nepal earthquake sequence in 2015 with the deviation–time–space criterion and homologous lithosphere–coversphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling physics
On the calculation of smoothing kernels for seismic parameter spatial mapping: methodology and examples
Mass flows, turbidity currents and other hydrodynamic consequences of small and moderate earthquakes in the Sea of Marmara
Brief communication: The crucial assessment of possible significant vertical movements preceding the 28 December 1908, Mw = 7.1, Messina Straits earthquake
Geologic and geodetic constraints on the magnitude and frequency of earthquakes along Malawi's active faults: the Malawi Seismogenic Source Model (MSSM)
Probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis for the north Tabriz fault
Landslides triggered by the 2015 Mw 6.0 Sabah (Malaysia) earthquake: inventory and ESI-07 intensity assignment
Pseudo-prospective testing of 5-year earthquake forecasts for California using inlabru
An updated area-source seismogenic model (MA4) for seismic hazard of Italy
Graeme Weatherill, Sreeram Reddy Kotha, Laurentiu Danciu, Susana Vilanova, and Fabrice Cotton
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1795–1834, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1795-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1795-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ground motion models (GMMs) selected for the 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model (ESHM20) and their uncertainties require adaptation to different tectonic environments. Using insights from new data, local experts and developments in the scientific literature, we further calibrate the ESHM20 GMM logic tree to capture previously unmodelled regional variation. We also propose a new scaled-backbone logic tree for application to Europe's subduction zones and the Vrancea deep seismic source.
Vera D'Amico, Francesco Visini, Andrea Rovida, Warner Marzocchi, and Carlo Meletti
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1401–1413, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1401-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1401-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a scoring strategy to rank multiple models/branches of a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) model that could be useful to consider specific requests from stakeholders responsible for seismic risk reduction actions. In fact, applications of PSHA often require sampling a few hazard curves from the model. The procedure is introduced through an application aimed to score and rank the branches of a recent Italian PSHA model according to their fit with macroseismic intensity data.
Davide Scafidi, Alfio Viganò, Jacopo Boaga, Valeria Cascone, Simone Barani, Daniele Spallarossa, Gabriele Ferretti, Mauro Carli, and Giancarlo De Marchi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1249–1260, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1249-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1249-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our paper concerns the use of a dense network of low-cost seismic accelerometers in populated areas to achieve rapid and reliable estimation of exposure maps in Trentino (northeast Italy). These additional data, in conjunction with the automatic monitoring procedure, allow us to obtain dense measurements which only rely on actual recorded data, avoiding the use of ground motion prediction equations. This leads to a more reliable picture of the actual ground shaking.
Karina Loviknes, Fabrice Cotton, and Graeme Weatherill
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1223–1247, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1223-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1223-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquake ground shaking can be strongly affected by local geology and is often amplified by soft sediments. In this study, we introduce a global geomorphological model for sediment thickness as a protentional parameter for predicting this site amplification. The results show that including geology and geomorphology in site-amplification predictions adds important value and that global or regional models for sediment thickness from fields beyond engineering seismology are worth considering.
Khelly Shan Sta. Rita, Sotiris Valkaniotis, and Alfredo Mahar Francisco Lagmay
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1135–1161, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1135-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1135-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ground movement and rupture produced by the 2020 Masbate earthquake in the Philippines were studied using satellite data. We highlight the importance of the complementary use of optical and radar datasets. The slip measurements and field observations helped improve our understanding of the seismotectonics of the region, which is critical for seismic hazard studies.
Qing Wu, Guijuan Lai, Jian Wu, and Jinmeng Bi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1017–1033, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1017-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1017-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Aftershocks are typically ignored for traditional probabilistic seismic hazard analyses, which underestimate the seismic hazard to some extent and may cause potential risks. A probabilistic seismic hazard analysis based on the Monte Carlo method was combined with the Omi–Reasenberg–Jones model to systematically study how aftershocks impact seismic hazard analyses. The influence of aftershocks on probabilistic seismic hazard analysis can exceed 50 %.
Lixin Wu, Xiao Wang, Yuan Qi, Jingchen Lu, and Wenfei Mao
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 773–789, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-773-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-773-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The atmospheric electric field (AEF) is the bridge connecting the surface charges and atmospheric particle changes before an earthquake, which is essential for the study of the coupling process between the coversphere and atmosphere caused by earthquakes. This study discovers AEF anomalies before the Luding earthquake in 2022 and clarifies the relationship between the surface changes and atmosphere changes possibly caused by the earthquake.
Polona Zupančič, Barbara Šket Motnikar, Michele M. C. Carafa, Petra Jamšek Rupnik, Mladen Živčić, Vanja Kastelic, Gregor Rajh, Martina Čarman, Jure Atanackov, and Andrej Gosar
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 651–672, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-651-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-651-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We considered two parameters that affect seismic hazard assessment in Slovenia. The first parameter we determined is the thickness of the lithosphere's section where earthquakes are generated. The second parameter is the activity of each fault, which is expressed by its average displacement per year (slip rate). Since the slip rate can be either seismic or aseismic, we estimated both components. This analysis was based on geological and seismological data and was validated through comparisons.
Maren Böse, Laurentiu Danciu, Athanasios Papadopoulos, John Clinton, Carlo Cauzzi, Irina Dallo, Leila Mizrahi, Tobias Diehl, Paolo Bergamo, Yves Reuland, Andreas Fichtner, Philippe Roth, Florian Haslinger, Frédérick Massin, Nadja Valenzuela, Nikola Blagojević, Lukas Bodenmann, Eleni Chatzi, Donat Fäh, Franziska Glueer, Marta Han, Lukas Heiniger, Paulina Janusz, Dario Jozinović, Philipp Kästli, Federica Lanza, Timothy Lee, Panagiotis Martakis, Michèle Marti, Men-Andrin Meier, Banu Mena Cabrera, Maria Mesimeri, Anne Obermann, Pilar Sanchez-Pastor, Luca Scarabello, Nicolas Schmid, Anastasiia Shynkarenko, Bozidar Stojadinović, Domenico Giardini, and Stefan Wiemer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 583–607, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-583-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-583-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic hazard and risk are time dependent as seismicity is clustered and exposure can change rapidly. We are developing an interdisciplinary dynamic earthquake risk framework for advancing earthquake risk mitigation in Switzerland. This includes various earthquake risk products and services, such as operational earthquake forecasting and early warning. Standardisation and harmonisation into seamless solutions that access the same databases, workflows, and software are a crucial component.
Rimali Mitra, Hajime Naruse, and Tomoya Abe
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 429–444, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-429-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-429-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study estimates the behavior of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami from its deposit distributed in the Joban coastal area. In this study, the flow characteristics of the tsunami were reconstructed using the DNN (deep neural network) inverse model, suggesting that the tsunami inundation occurred in the very high-velocity condition.
Sedat İnan, Hasan Çetin, and Nurettin Yakupoğlu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 397–409, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-397-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-397-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Two devastating earthquakes, Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6, occurred in Türkiye on 6 February 2023. We obtained commercially bottled waters from two springs, 100 km from the epicenter of Mw 7.7. Samples of the first spring emanating from fault zone in hard rocks showed positive anomalies in major ions lasting for 6 months before the earthquake. Samples from the second spring accumulated in an alluvium deposit showed no anomalies. We show that pre-earthquake anomalies are geologically site-dependent.
Sylvain Michel, Clara Duverger, Laurent Bollinger, Jorge Jara, and Romain Jolivet
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 163–177, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-163-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-163-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Upper Rhine Graben, located in France and Germany, is bordered by north–south-trending faults, posing a potential threat to dense population and infrastructures on the Alsace plain. We build upon previous seismic hazard studies of the graben by exploring uncertainties in greater detail, revisiting a number of assumptions. There is a 99 % probability that a maximum-magnitude earthquake would be below 7.3 if assuming a purely dip-slip mechanism or below 7.6 if assuming a strike-slip one.
Melody Philippon, Jean Roger, Jean Frédéric Lebrun, Isabelle Thinon, Océane Foix, Stéphane Mazzotti, Marc-André Gutscher, Leny Montheil, and Jean-Jacques Cornée
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-222, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-222, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
Using novel geophysical datasets we reassess the slip rate of the Morne Piton Fault (Lesser Antilles) at 0.2 mm.yr-1, dividing by five previous estimations and thus increasing the earthquake time recurrence and lowering the associated hazard. We evaluate a plausible magnitude for a potential seismic event of Mw 6.5 ± 0.5. Our multi-segment tsunami model representative for the worst-case scenario gives an overview of tsunami generation if the whole Fault segments would ruptured together.
Edlira Xhafaj, Chung-Han Chan, and Kuo-Fong Ma
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 109–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-109-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-109-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study introduces new earthquake forecasting models for Albania, aiming to map out future seismic hazards. By analysing earthquakes from 1960 to 2006, we have developed models that predict where activity is most likely to occur, highlighting the western coast and southern regions as high-hazard zones. Our validation process confirms these models are effective tools for anticipating seismic events, offering valuable insights for earthquake preparedness and hazard assessment efforts.
Laurentiu Danciu, Domenico Giardini, Graeme Weatherill, Roberto Basili, Shyam Nandan, Andrea Rovida, Céline Beauval, Pierre-Yves Bard, Marco Pagani, Celso Guillermo Reyes, Karin Sesetyan, Susana Vilanova, Fabrice Cotton, and Stefan Wiemer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3062, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3062, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model (ESHM20) is the latest seismic hazard assessment update for the Euro-Mediterranean region. This state-of-the-art model delivers a broad range of hazard results, including hazard curves, maps, and uniform hazard spectra. ESHM20 provides two hazard maps as informative reference in the next update of the European Seismic Design Codes (CEN EC8) and it also provides a key input to the first earthquake risk model for Europe (Crowley et al., 2021).
Franz Livio, Maria Francesca Ferrario, Elisa Martinelli, Sahra Talamo, Silvia Cercatillo, and Alessandro Maria Michetti
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3407–3424, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3407-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3407-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Here we document the occurrence of an historical earthquake that occurred in the European western Southern Alps in the sixth century CE. Analysis of the effects due to earthquake shaking in the city of Como (N Italy) and a comparison with dated offshore landslides in the Alpine lakes allowed us to make an inference about the possible magnitude and the location of the seismic source for this event.
Hugo Rosero-Velásquez, Mauricio Monsalve, Juan Camilo Gómez Zapata, Elisa Ferrario, Alan Poulos, Juan Carlos de la Llera, and Daniel Straub
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-186, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-186, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic risk management uses scenarios of earthquake events, but the selection criteria do not always consider consequences to exposed assets. For this reason, we adopt a definition of representative scenario, associated to a return period and loss level, for selecting such scenarios among a big set of possible earthquakes. We identify the scenarios for the residential buildings and power supply in Valparaíso and Viña del Mar, Chile. The selected scenarios vary in function of the exposed assets.
Simone Francesco Fornasari, Deniz Ertuncay, and Giovanni Costa
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3219–3234, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3219-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3219-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed the background seismic noise for the Italian strong motion network by developing the Italian accelerometric low- and high-noise models. Spatial and temporal variations of the noise levels have been analysed. Several stations located near urban areas are affected by human activities, with high noise levels in the low periods. Our results provide an overview of the background noise of the strong motion network and can be used as a station selection criterion for future research.
Subash Ghimire, Philippe Guéguen, Adrien Pothon, and Danijel Schorlemmer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3199–3218, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3199-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3199-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the efficacy of several machine learning models for damage characterization, trained and tested on the Database of Observed Damage (DaDO) for Italian earthquakes. Reasonable damage prediction effectiveness (68 % accuracy) is observed, particularly when considering basic structural features and grouping the damage according to the traffic-light-based system used during the post-disaster period (green, yellow, and red), showing higher relevancy for rapid damage prediction.
Ekbal Hussain, Endra Gunawan, Nuraini Rahma Hanifa, and Qori'atu Zahro
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3185–3197, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3185-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3185-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The earthquake potential of the Lembang Fault, located near the city of Bandung in West Java, Indonesia, is poorly understood. Bandung has a population of over 8 million people. We used satellite data to estimate the energy storage on the fault and calculate the likely size of potential future earthquakes. We use simulations to show that 1.9–2.7 million people would be exposed to high levels of ground shaking in the event of a major earthquake on the fault.
Valerio Poggi, Stefano Parolai, Natalya Silacheva, Anatoly Ischuk, Kanatbek Abdrakhmatov, Zainalobudin Kobuliev, Vakhitkhan Ismailov, Roman Ibragimov, Japar Karayev, Paola Ceresa, and Paolo Bazzurro
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-131, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-131, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
A regionally consistent probabilistic risk assessment for multiple hazards and assets was recently developed as part of the “Strengthening Financial Resilience and Accelerating Risk Reduction in Central Asia” (SFRARR) program, promoted by the European Union in collaboration with the World Bank and GFDRR. This paper describes the preparation of the input data sets (earthquake catalog and active fault database) needed to implement a probabilistic earthquake model for the Central Asian countries.
Huaiqun Zhao, Wenkai Chen, Can Zhang, and Dengjie Kang
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3031–3050, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3031-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3031-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Early emergency response requires improving the utilization value of the data available in the early post-earthquake period. We proposed a method for assessing seismic intensities by analyzing early aftershock sequences using the robust locally weighted regression program. The seismic intensity map evaluated by the method can reflect the range of the hardest-hit areas and the spatial distribution of the possible property damage and casualties caused by the earthquake.
Ann Elizabeth Morey and Chris Goldfinger
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2277419/v2, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2277419/v2, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses the characteristics from a deposit attributed to the 1700 CE Cascadia earthquake to identify other subduction earthquake deposits in sediments from two lakes located near the California/Oregon border. Seven deposits were identified in these records and an age-depth model suggests that these correlate in time to the largest Cascadia earthquakes preserved in the offshore record suggesting that inland lakes can be good recorders of Cascadia earthquakes.
Asim M. Khawaja, Behnam Maleki Asayesh, Sebastian Hainzl, and Danijel Schorlemmer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2683–2696, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2683-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2683-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Testing of earthquake forecasts is important for model verification. Forecasts are usually spatially discretized with many equal-sized grid cells, but often few earthquakes are available for evaluation, leading to meaningless tests. Here, we propose solutions to improve the testability of earthquake forecasts and give a minimum ratio between the number of earthquakes and spatial cells for significant tests. We show applications of the proposed technique for synthetic and real case studies.
Konstantinos Trevlopoulos, Pierre Gehl, Caterina Negulescu, Helen Crowley, and Laurentiu Danciu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1740, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1740, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The models used to estimate the probability of exceeding a level of earthquake damages are essential to the reduction of disasters. These models consist of components, which may be tested individually, however testing these types of models as a whole is challenging. Here, we are using observations of damages caused by the Le Teil 2019 earthquake, and estimations with other models to test components of the 2020 Euro-Mediterranean Seismic Hazard Model and the European Seismic Risk Model.
Athanasios N. Papadopoulos, Philippe Roth, Laurentiu Danciu, Paolo Bergamo, Francesco Panzera, Donat Fäh, Carlo Cauzzi, Blaise Duvernay, Alireza Khodaverdian, Pierino Lestuzzi, Ömer Odabaşi, Ettore Fagà, Paolo Bazzurro, Michèle Marti, Nadja Valenzuela, Irina Dallo, Nicolas Schmid, Philip Kästli, Florian Haslinger, and Stefan Wiemer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1504, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1504, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Earthquake Risk Model of Switzerland (ERM-CH23), released in early 2023, is the culmination of a multidisciplinary effort aiming to achieve, for the first time, a comprehensive assessment of the potential consequences of earthquakes on the Swiss building stock and population. ERM-CH23 provides risk estimates for various impact metrics, ranging from economic loss as a result of damage to buildings and their contents, to human losses, such as deaths, injuries and displaced population.
Lukas Bodenmann, Jack W. Baker, and Božidar Stojadinović
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2387–2402, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2387-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2387-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding spatial patterns in earthquake-induced ground motions is key for assessing the seismic risk of distributed infrastructure systems. To study such patterns, we propose a novel model that accounts for spatial proximity, as well as site and path effects, and estimate its parameters from past earthquake data by explicitly quantifying the inherent uncertainties.
José A. Álvarez-Gómez, Paula Herrero-Barbero, and José J. Martínez-Díaz
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2031–2052, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2031-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2031-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The strike-slip Carboneras fault is one of the largest sources in the Alboran Sea, with it being one of the faster faults in the eastern Betics. The dimensions and location of the Carboneras fault imply a high seismic and tsunami threat. In this work, we present tsunami simulations from sources generated with physics-based earthquake simulators. We show that the Carboneras fault has the capacity to generate locally damaging tsunamis with inter-event times between 2000 and 6000 years.
Antonio Posadas, Denisse Pasten, Eugenio E. Vogel, and Gonzalo Saravia
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1911–1920, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1911-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1911-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we understand an earthquake from a thermodynamics point of view as an irreversible transition; then it must suppose an increase in entropy. We use > 100 000 earthquakes in northern Chile to test the theory that Shannon entropy, H, is an indicator of the equilibrium state. Using variation in H, we were able to detect major earthquakes and their foreshocks and aftershocks, including the 2007 Mw 7.8 Tocopilla earthquake and 2014 Mw 8.1 Iquique earthquake.
Dirsa Feliciano, Orlando Arroyo, Tamara Cabrera, Diana Contreras, Jairo Andrés Valcárcel Torres, and Juan Camilo Gómez Zapata
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1863–1890, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1863-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1863-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This article presents the number of damaged buildings and estimates the economic losses from a set of earthquakes in Sabana Centro, a region of 11 towns in Colombia.
Andrea Antonucci, Andrea Rovida, Vera D'Amico, and Dario Albarello
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1805–1816, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1805-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1805-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The earthquake effects undocumented at 228 Italian localities were calculated through a probabilistic approach starting from the values obtained through the use of an intensity prediction equation, taking into account the intensity data documented at close localities for a given earthquake. The results showed some geographical dependencies and correlations with the intensity levels investigated.
Yi-Ying Wen, Chien-Chih Chen, Strong Wen, and Wei-Tsen Lu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1835–1846, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1835-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1835-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Knowing the spatiotemporal seismicity patterns prior to impending large earthquakes might help earthquake hazard assessment. Several recent moderate earthquakes occurred in the various regions of Taiwan, which help to further investigate the spatiotemporal seismic pattern related to the regional tectonic stress. We should pay attention when a seismicity decrease of 2.5 < M < 4.5 events around the southern Central Range or an accelerating seismicity of 3 < M < 5 events appears in central Taiwan.
Luca Schilirò, Mauro Rossi, Federica Polpetta, Federica Fiorucci, Carolina Fortunato, and Paola Reichenbach
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1789–1804, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1789-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1789-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a database of the main scientific articles published on earthquake-triggered landslides in the last 4 decades. To enhance data viewing, the articles were catalogued into a web-based GIS, which was specifically designed to show different types of information, such as bibliometric information, the relevant topic and sub-topic category (or categories), and earthquake(s) addressed. Such information can be useful to obtain a general overview of the topic, especially for a broad readership.
Simone Barani, Gabriele Ferretti, and Davide Scafidi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1685–1698, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1685-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1685-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the present study, we analyze ground-motion hazard maps and hazard disaggregation in order to define areas in Italy where liquefaction triggering due to seismic activity can not be excluded. The final result is a screening map for all of Italy that classifies sites in terms of liquefaction triggering potential according to their seismic hazard level. The map and the associated data are freely accessible at the following web address: www.distav.unige.it/rsni/milq.php.
Midhat Fayaz, Shakil A. Romshoo, Irfan Rashid, and Rakesh Chandra
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1593–1611, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1593-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1593-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquakes cause immense loss of lives and damage to properties, particularly in major urban centres. The city of Srinagar, which houses around 1.5 million people, is susceptible to high seismic hazards due to its peculiar geological setting, urban setting, demographic profile, and tectonic setting. Keeping in view all of these factors, the present study investigates the earthquake vulnerability of buildings in Srinagar, an urban city in the northwestern Himalayas, India.
Mathilde B. Sørensen, Torbjørn Haga, and Atle Nesje
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1577–1592, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1577-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1577-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Most Norwegian landslides are triggered by rain or snowmelt, and earthquakes have not been considered a relevant trigger mechanism even though some cases have been reported. Here we systematically search historical documents and databases and find 22 landslides induced by eight large Norwegian earthquakes. The Norwegian earthquakes induce landslides at distances and over areas that are much larger than those found for global datasets.
Chiara Varone, Gianluca Carbone, Anna Baris, Maria Chiara Caciolli, Stefania Fabozzi, Carolina Fortunato, Iolanda Gaudiosi, Silvia Giallini, Marco Mancini, Luca Paolella, Maurizio Simionato, Pietro Sirianni, Rose Line Spacagna, Francesco Stigliano, Daniel Tentori, Luca Martelli, Giuseppe Modoni, and Massimiliano Moscatelli
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1371–1382, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1371-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1371-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In 2012, Italy was struck by a seismic crisis characterized by two main shocks and relevant liquefaction events. Terre del Reno is one of the municipalities that experienced the most extensive liquefaction effects; thus it was chosen as case study for a project devoted to defining a new methodology to assess the liquefaction susceptibility. In this framework, about 1800 geotechnical, geophysical, and hydrogeological investigations were collected and stored in the publicly available PERL dataset.
Samuel Roeslin, Quincy Ma, Pavan Chigullapally, Joerg Wicker, and Liam Wotherspoon
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1207–1226, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1207-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1207-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a new framework for the rapid seismic loss prediction for residential buildings in Christchurch, New Zealand. The initial model was trained on insurance claims from the Canterbury earthquake sequence. Data science techniques, geospatial tools, and machine learning were used to develop the prediction model, which also delivered useful insights. The model can rapidly be updated with data from new earthquakes. It can then be applied to predict building loss in Christchurch.
Sasan Motaghed, Mozhgan Khazaee, Nasrollah Eftekhari, and Mohammad Mohammadi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1117–1124, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1117-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1117-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We modify the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) formulation by replacing the Gutenberg–Richter power law with the SCP (Sotolongo-Costa and Posadas) non-extensive model for earthquake size distribution and call it NEPSHA. The proposed method (NEPSHA) is implemented in the Tehran region, and the results are compared with the classic PSHA method. The hazard curves show that NEPSHA gives a higher hazard, especially in the range of practical return periods.
Paola Sbarra, Pierfrancesco Burrato, Valerio De Rubeis, Patrizia Tosi, Gianluca Valensise, Roberto Vallone, and Paola Vannoli
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1007–1028, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1007-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1007-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquakes are fundamental for understanding how the earth works and for assessing seismic risk. We can easily measure the magnitude and depth of today's earthquakes, but can we also do it for pre-instrumental ones? We did it by analyzing the decay of earthquake effects (on buildings, people, and objects) with epicentral distance. Our results may help derive data that would be impossible to obtain otherwise, for any country where the earthquake history extends for centuries, such as Italy.
Haekal A. Haridhi, Bor Shouh Huang, Kuo Liang Wen, Arif Mirza, Syamsul Rizal, Syahrul Purnawan, Ilham Fajri, Frauke Klingelhoefer, Char Shine Liu, Chao Shing Lee, Crispen R. Wilson, Tso-Ren Wu, Ichsan Setiawan, and Van Bang Phung
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 507–523, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-507-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-507-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Near the northern end of Sumatra, the horizontal movement Sumatran fault zone extended to its northern offshore. The movement of offshore fault segments trigger submarine landslides and induce tsunamis. Scenarios of a significant tsunami caused by the combined effect of an earthquake and its triggered submarine landslide at the coast were proposed in this study. Based on our finding, the landslide tsunami hazard assessment and early warning systems in this region should be urgently considered.
Lixin Wu, Yuan Qi, Wenfei Mao, Jingchen Lu, Yifan Ding, Boqi Peng, and Busheng Xie
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 231–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-231-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-231-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Multiple seismic anomalies were reported to be related to the 2015 Nepal earthquake. By sufficiently investigating both the space–time features and the physical models of the seismic anomalies, the coupling mechanisms of these anomalies in 3D space were revealed and an integrated framework to strictly root the sources of various anomalies was proposed. This study provides a practical solution for scrutinizing reliable seismic anomalies from diversified earthquake observations.
David Montiel-López, Sergio Molina, Juan José Galiana-Merino, and Igor Gómez
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 91–106, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-91-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-91-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
One of the most effective ways to describe the seismicity of a region is to map the b-value parameter of the Gutenberg-Richter law. This research proposes the study of the spatial cell-event distance distribution to define the smoothing kernel that controls the influence of the data. The results of this methodology depict tectonic stress changes before and after intense earthquakes happen, so it could enable operational earthquake forecasting (OEF) and tectonic source profiling.
Pierre Henry, M. Sinan Özeren, Nurettin Yakupoğlu, Ziyadin Çakir, Emmanuel de Saint-Léger, Olivier Desprez de Gésincourt, Anders Tengberg, Cristele Chevalier, Christos Papoutsellis, Nazmi Postacıoğlu, Uğur Dogan, Hayrullah Karabulut, Gülsen Uçarkuş, and M. Namık Çağatay
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3939–3956, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3939-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3939-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Seafloor instruments at the bottom of the Sea of Marmara recorded disturbances caused by earthquakes, addressing the minimum magnitude that may be recorded in the sediment. A magnitude 4.7 earthquake caused turbidity but little current. A magnitude 5.8 earthquake caused a mudflow and strong currents that spread sediment on the seafloor over several kilometers. However, most known earthquake deposits in the Sea of Marmara spread over larger zones and should correspond to larger earthquakes.
Nicola Alessandro Pino
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3787–3792, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3787-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3787-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The 1908 Messina Straits earthquake is one of the most severe seismic catastrophes in human history and is periodically back in the public discussion because of a project of building a bridge across the Straits. Some models proposed for the fault assume precursory subsidence preceding the quake, resulting in a structure significantly different from the previously debated ones and important hazard implications. The analysis of the historical sea level data allows the rejection of this hypothesis.
Jack N. Williams, Luke N. J. Wedmore, Åke Fagereng, Maximilian J. Werner, Hassan Mdala, Donna J. Shillington, Christopher A. Scholz, Folarin Kolawole, Lachlan J. M. Wright, Juliet Biggs, Zuze Dulanya, Felix Mphepo, and Patrick Chindandali
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3607–3639, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3607-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3607-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We use geologic and GPS data to constrain the magnitude and frequency of earthquakes that occur along active faults in Malawi. These faults slip in earthquakes as the tectonic plates on either side of the East African Rift in Malawi diverge. Low divergence rates (0.5–1.5 mm yr) and long faults (5–200 km) imply that earthquakes along these faults are rare (once every 1000–10 000 years) but could have high magnitudes (M 7–8). These data can be used to assess seismic risk in Malawi.
Mohamadreza Hosseini and Habib Rahimi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3571–3583, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3571-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3571-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquakes, not only because of earth-shaking but also because of surface ruptures, are a serious threat to many human activities. Reducing earthquake losses and damage requires predicting the amplitude and location of ground movements and possible surface displacements in the future. Using the probabilistic approach and earthquake method, the surface displacement of the north Tabriz fault has been investigated, and the possible displacement in different scenarios has been estimated.
Maria Francesca Ferrario
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3527–3542, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3527-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3527-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
I mapped over 5000 landslides triggered by a moment magnitude 6.0 earthquake that occurred in 2015 in the Sabah region (Malaysia). I analyzed their number, dimension and spatial distribution by dividing the territory into 1 km2 cells. I applied the Environmental Seismic Intensity (ESI-07) scale, which allows the categorization of earthquake damage due to environmental effects. The presented approach promotes the collaboration among the experts in landslide mapping and in ESI-07 assignment.
Kirsty Bayliss, Mark Naylor, Farnaz Kamranzad, and Ian Main
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3231–3246, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3231-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3231-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We develop probabilistic earthquake forecasts that include different spatial information (e.g. fault locations, strain rate) using a point process method. The performance of these models is tested over three different periods and compared with existing forecasts. We find that our models perform well, with those using simulated catalogues that make use of uncertainty in model parameters performing better, demonstrating potential to improve earthquake forecasting using Bayesian approaches.
Francesco Visini, Carlo Meletti, Andrea Rovida, Vera D'Amico, Bruno Pace, and Silvia Pondrelli
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2807–2827, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2807-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2807-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
As new data are collected, seismic hazard models can be updated and improved. In the framework of a project aimed to update the Italian seismic hazard model, we proposed a model based on the definition and parametrization of area sources. Using geological data, seismicity and other geophysical constraints, we delineated three-dimensional boundaries and activity rates of a seismotectonic zoning and explored the epistemic uncertainty by means of a logic-tree approach.
Cited articles
Aghamohammadi, H., Mesgari, M., Mansourian, A., and Molaei, D.: Seismic human loss estimation for an earthquake disaster using neural network, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 10, 931–939, 2013.
Ameri, G., Massa, M., Bindi, D., D'Alema, E., Gorini, A., Luzi, L., Marzorati, S., Pacor, F., Paolucci, R., and Puglia, R.: The 6 April 2009 Mw 6.3 L'Aquila (Central Italy) Earthquake: Strong-motion Observations, Seismol. Res. Lett., 80, 951–966, 2009.
Anagnostopoulos, S. and Whitman, R.: On human loss prediction in buildings during earthquakes, Proceedings of the Sixth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, New Delhi, India, 671–676, 1977.
Aubrecht, C., Steinnocher, K., Hollaus, M., and Wagner, W.: Integrating earth observation and GIScience for high resolution spatial and functional modeling of urban land use, Computers, Environ. Urban Syst., 33, 15–25, 2009.
Aubrecht, C., Steinnocher, K., Köstl, M., Züger, J., and Loibl, W.: Spatially modeled high detail population and climate prospects for a European transect: an outlook to future patterns of vulnerability, Risk Analysis VII & Brownfields V, 43, 219–231, 2010a.
Aubrecht, C., Yetman, G., Balk, D., and Steinnocher, K.: What is to be expected from broad-scale population data? Showcase accessibility model validation using high-resolution census information, Proceedings of AGILE, Guimarães, Portugal, 2010b.
Aubrecht, C., Freire, S., Neuhold, C., Curtis, A., and Steinnocher, K.: Introducing a temporal component in spatial vulnerability analysis, Disaster Adv., 5, 48–53, 2012.
Aubrecht, C., Özceylan, D., Steinnocher, K., and Freire, S.: Multi-level geospatial modeling of human exposure patterns and vulnerability indicators, Nat. Hazards, 68, 147–163, 2013.
Barbat, A. H., Pujades, L. G., and Lantada, N.: Seismic damage evaluation in urban areas using the capacity spectrum method: application to Barcelona, Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 28, 851–865, 2008.
Benz, U. C., Hofmann, P., Willhauck, G., Lingenfelder, I., and Heynen, M.: Multi-resolution, object-oriented fuzzy analysis of remote sensing data for GIS-ready information, ISPRS J. Photogramm., 58, 239–258, 2004.
Bhaduri, B., Bright, E., Coleman, P., and Urban, M. L.: LandScan USA: a high-resolution geospatial and temporal modeling approach for population distribution and dynamics, GeoJournal, 69, 103–117, 2007.
Burchfiel, B. C., Royden, L. H., Van der Hilst, R. D., and Hager, B. H.: A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 4–11, 2008.
Chen, K.: An approach to linking remotely sensed data and areal census data, Int. J. Remote Sens., 23, 37–48, 2002.
Coburn, A.: Death Tolls in Earthquakes, Workshop: Medicine in the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR): Research, Preparedness and Response for Sudden Impact Disasters in the 1990s, London, Great Britain, 21–26, 1994.
Daniell, J. E., Khazai, B., and Wenzel, F.: Uncovering the 2010 Haiti earthquake death toll, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., 1, 1913–1942, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-1913-2013, 2013.
Dobson, J. E., Bright, E. A., Coleman, P. R., Durfee, R. C., and Worley, B. A.: LandScan: a global population database for estimating populations at risk, Photogramm. Eng. Rem. S., 66, 849–857, 2000.
Feng, T., Hong, Z., Wu, H., Fu, Q., Wang, C., Jiang, C., and Tong, X.: Estimation of earthquake casualties using high-resolution remote sensing: a case study of Dujiangyan city in the May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Nat. Hazards, 69, 1577–1595, 2013.
Freire, S. and Aubrecht, C.: Integrating population dynamics into mapping human exposure to seismic hazard, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 3533–3543, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-3533-2012, 2012.
Gamba, P. and Casciati, F.: GIS and image understanding for near-real-time earthquake damage assessment, Photogramm. Eng. Rem. S., 64, 987–994, 1998.
Gerke, M. and Kerle, N.: Automatic structural seismic damage assessment with airborne oblique pictometry imagery, Photogramm. Eng. Rem. S., 77, 885–898, 2011.
Guo, H. D., Zhang, B., Lei, L. P., Zhang, L., and Chen, Y.: Spatial distribution and inducement of collapsed buildings in Yushu earthquake based on remote sensing analysis, Sci. China Earth Sci., 53, 794–796, 2010.
Gutiérrez, E., Taucer, F., De Groeve, T., Al-Khudhairy, D., and Zaldivar, J.: Analysis of worldwide earthquake mortality using multivariate demographic and seismic data, Am. J. Epidemiol., 161, 1151–1158, 2005.
Hay, S., Noor, A., Nelson, A., and Tatem, A.: The accuracy of human population maps for public health application, Trop. Med. Int. Health, 10, 1073–1086, 2005.
Hisada, Y., Shibayama, A., and Ghayamghamian, M. R.: Building damage and seismic intensity in Bam City from the 2003 Iran, Bam, Earthquake, Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst., Univ. Tokyo, 79, 81–94, 2005.
Huang, L. P., Oguni, K., and Hori, M.: Image Analysis of Measuring Building Configuration for Seismic Damage Estimation, Nat. Hazards Rev., 14, 1–10, 2013.
Jaiswal, K., Wald, D., Earle, P., Porter, K., and Hearne, M.: Earthquake casualty models within the USGS Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) system, in: Human Casualties in Earthquakes, Springer, Netherlands, 83–94, 2011.
Kenny, C.: Disaster risk reduction in developing countries: costs, benefits and institutions, Disasters, 36, 559–588, 2012.
Kerle, N.: Satellite-based damage mapping following the 2006 Indonesia earthquake – How accurate was it?, Int. J. Appl. Earth. Obs., 12, 466–476, 2010.
Kerle, N. and Hoffman, R. R.: Collaborative damage mapping for emergency response: the role of Cognitive Systems Engineering, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 97–113, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-97-2013, 2013.
Kuwata, Y., Takada, S., and Bastami, M.: Building damage and human casualties during the Bam-Iran earthquake, Asian J. Civil Eng., 6, 1–19, 2005.
Lay, T., Ammon, C., Kanamori, H., Koper, K., Sufri, O., and Hutko, A.: Teleseismic inversion for rupture process of the 27 February 2010 Chile (Mw 8.8) earthquake, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L13301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043379, 2010.
Li, D., Zeng, L., Chen, N., Shan, J., Liu, L., Fan, Y., and Li, W.: A framework design for the Chinese National Disaster Reduction System of Systems (CNDRSS), Int. J. Digit. Earth, 7, 68–87, 2013.
Lu, L., Guo, H., and Corbane, C.: Building Damage Assessment with VHR Images and Comparative Analysis for Yushu Earthquake, China, Disaster Adv., 6, 37–44, 2013.
Ma, R.: DEM generation and building detection from Lidar data, Photogramm. Eng. Rem. S., 71, 847–854, 2005.
Macintyre, A. G., Barbera, J. A., and Petinaux, B. P.: Survival interval in earthquake entrapments: research findings reinforced during the 2010 Haiti earthquake response, Disaster Med. Publ. Health Prep., 5, 13–22, 2011.
Mahue-Giangreco, M., Mack, W., Seligson, H., and Bourque, L. B.: Risk factors associated with moderate and serious injuries attributable to the 1994 Northridge earthquake, Los Angeles, California, Ann. Epidemiol., 11, 347–357, 2001.
Mimura, N., Yasuhara, K., Kawagoe, S., Yokoki, H., and Kazama, S.: Damage from the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami – A quick report, Mitig. Adapt. Strat. Gl., 16, 803–818, 2011.
Ni, S., Wang, W., and Li, L.: The April 14th, 2010 Yushu earthquake, a devastating earthquake with foreshocks, Sci. China Earth Sci., 53, 791–793, 2010.
Osaki, Y. and Minowa, M.: Factors associated with earthquake deaths in the great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake, 1995, Ann. Epidemiol., 153, 153–156, 2001.
Peek-Asa, C., Kraus, J. F., Bourque, L. B., Vimalachandra, D., Yu, J., and Abrams, J.: Fatal and hospitalized injuries resulting from the 1994 Northridge earthquake, Int. J. Epidemiol., 27, 459–465, 1998.
Petal, M.: Earthquake casualties research and public education, in: Human Casualties in Earthquakes, Springer, Netherlands, 25–50, 2011.
Porter, K., Jaiswal, K., Wald, D., Earle, P., and Hearne, M.: Fatality models for the US Geological Survey's Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquake for Response (PAGER) system, Paper S04-009, 14th World Conference of Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, 2008,
Saito, K., Spence, R. J., Going, C., and Markus, M.: Using high-resolution satellite images for post-earthquake building damage assessment: a study following the 26 January 2001 Gujarat earthquake, Earthq. Spectra, 20, 145–169, 2004.
Shalaby, A. and Tateishi, R.: Remote sensing and GIS for mapping and monitoring land cover and land-use changes in the Northwestern coastal zone of Egypt, Appl. Geogr., 27, 28–41, 2007.
Shiono, K.: Interpretation of published data of the 1976 Tangshan, China Earthquake for the determination of a fatality rate function, Proceedings – Japan Society Of Civil Engineers, Dotoku Gakkai, 25–33, 1995.
Stone, R.: An unpredictably violent fault, Science, 320, 1578–1580, 2008.
Sutton, P., Roberts, D., Elvidge, C., and Baugh, K.: Census from Heaven: an estimate of the global human population using night-time satellite imagery, Int. J. Remote Sens., 22, 3061–3076, 2001.
Tack, F., Buyuksalih, G., and Goossens, R.: 3D building reconstruction based on given ground plan information and surface models extracted from spaceborne imagery, ISPRS J. Photogramm., 67, 52–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2011.10.003, 2012.
Tang, B. and Zhang, L.: Ya'an earthquake, Lancet, 381, 1984–1985, 2013.
Tao, C. V., Hu, Y., and Jiang, W.: Photogrammetric exploitation of IKONOS imagery for mapping applications, Int. J. Remote. Sens., 25, 2833–2853, 2004.
Teeuw, R. M., Leidig, M., Saunders, C., and Morris, N.: Free or low-cost geoinformatics for disaster management: Uses and availability issues, Environ. Hazards-Uk, 12, 112–131, 2013.
Tiedemann, H.: Casualties as a function of building quality and earthquake intensity, Proceedings of the international workshop on earthquake injury epidemiology for mitigation and response, Maryland, USA, 10–12, 1989
Tong, X. H., Hong, Z. H., Liu, S. J., Zhang, X., Xie, H., Li, Z. Y., Yang, S. L., Wang, W. A., and Bao, F.: Building-damage detection using pre- and post-seismic high-resolution satellite stereo imagery: A case study of the May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, ISPRS J. Photogramm., 68, 13–27, 2012.
Tong, X. H., Lin, X. F., Feng, T. T., Xie, H., Liu, S. J., Hong, Z. H., and Chen, P.: Use of shadows for detection of earthquake-induced collapsed buildings in high-resolution satellite imagery, ISPRS J. Photogramm., 79, 53–67, 2013.
Turker, M. and Cetinkaya, B.: Automatic detection of earthquake-damaged buildings using DEMs created from pre- and post- earthquake stereo aerial photographs, Int. J. Remote Sens., 26, 823–832, 2005.
Turker, M. and Sumer, E.: Building-based damage detection due to earthquake using the watershed segmentation of the post-event aerial images, Int. J. Remote Sens., 29, 3073–3089, 2008.
USGS: Magnitude 6.6 – Southeastern Iran, Earthquake Hazards Program, http://web.archive.org/web/20080922155753/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqinthenews/2003/uscvad/ (last access: 8 October 2013), 2003.
Wang, X., Dou, A., Sun, G., Ding, X., Wang, L., and Yuan, X.: Intensity Assessment of the 2010 Yushu Ms 7.1 Earthquake Based on Synthetic Seismic Damage Index, Earthquake, 33, 1–10, 2013.
Wyss, M.: Real-time prediction of earthquake casualties, Disasters and society – from hazard assessment to risk reduction, Logos, Karlsruhe, 165–173, 2004.
Wyss, M. and Trendafiloski, G.: Trends in the casualty ratio of injured to fatalities in earthquakes, in: Human Casualties in Earthquakes, Springer, Netherlands, 267–274, 2011.
Xu, C., Liu, A., and Wen, Z.: Study on casualties of Dujiangyan City in the Wenchuan earthquake, J. Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vibrat., 32, 182–188, 2012.
Yamazaki, F., Nishimura, A., and Ueno, Y.: Estimation of human casualties due to urban earthquakes, Proceedings of the 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Acapulco, Mexico, 1996.
Yamazaki, F., Yano, Y., and Matsuoka, M.: Visual damage interpretation of buildings in Bam city using quickbird images following the 2003 Bam, iran, earthquake, Earthq. Spectra, 21, 329–336, 2005.
Yano, Y., Yamazaki, F., Matsuoka, M., and Vu, T. T.: Building damage detection of the 2003 Bam, Iran earthquake using QuickBird images, Proceedings of the 25th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 618–623, 2004.
Yu, S., Zhang, L., and Zhao, Z.: Study on Assessment Method of Buried People after Destructive Earthquake, LISBOA 2013, Lisbon, Portugal, 2013.
Zuccaro, G. and Cacace, F.: Seismic Casualty Evaluation: The Italian Model, an Application to the L'Aquila 2009 Event, in: Human Casualties in Earthquakes, Springer, Netherlands, 171–184, 2011.
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint