Articles | Volume 23, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3147-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3147-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
28 Sep 2023
Research article |
| 28 Sep 2023
| 28 Sep 2023
Lava flow hazard modeling during the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption, Iceland: applications of MrLavaLoba
Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences, University
of Iceland, Reykjavík, 102, Iceland
Melissa A. Pfeffer
Icelandic Meteorological Office, Reykjavík, 105, Iceland
Sara Barsotti
Icelandic Meteorological Office, Reykjavík, 105, Iceland
Simone Tarquini
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, 56125, Italy
Mattia de'Michieli Vitturi
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, 56125, Italy
Department of Geology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260,
USA
Bergrún A. Óladóttir
Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences, University
of Iceland, Reykjavík, 102, Iceland
Icelandic Meteorological Office, Reykjavík, 105, Iceland
Ragnar Heiðar Þrastarson
Icelandic Meteorological Office, Reykjavík, 105, Iceland
Related authors
No articles found.
Laura Sandri, Mattia de' Michieli Vitturi, Antonio Costa, Mauro Antonio Di Vito, Ilaria Rucco, Domenico Maria Doronzo, Marina Bisson, Roberto Gianardi, Sandro de Vita, and Roberto Sulpizio
Solid Earth, 15, 459–476, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-459-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-459-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We study the lahar hazard due to the remobilization of tephra deposits from reference eruptions at Somma–Vesuvius. To this end, we rely on the results of two companion papers dealing with field data and model calibration and run hundreds of simulations from the catchments around the target area to capture the uncertainty in the initial parameters. We process the simulations to draw maps of the probability of overcoming thresholds in lahar flow thickness and dynamic pressure relevant for risk.
Mattia de' Michieli Vitturi, Antonio Costa, Mauro A. Di Vito, Laura Sandri, and Domenico M. Doronzo
Solid Earth, 15, 437–458, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-437-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-437-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a numerical model for lahars generated by the mobilization of tephra deposits from a reference size eruption at Somma–Vesuvius. The paper presents the model (pyhsics and numerics) and a sensitivity analysis of the processes modelled, numerical schemes, and grid resolution. This work provides the basis for application to hazard quantification for lahars in the Vesuvius area. To this end, we rely on results of the two companion papers (Part 1 on field data, Part 3 on hazard maps).
Mauro Antonio Di Vito, Ilaria Rucco, Sandro de Vita, Domenico Maria Doronzo, Marina Bisson, Mattia de' Michieli Vitturi, Mauro Rosi, Laura Sandri, Giovanni Zanchetta, Elena Zanella, and Antonio Costa
Solid Earth, 15, 405–436, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-405-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-405-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We study the distribution of two historical pyroclastic fall–flow and lahar deposits from the sub-Plinian Vesuvius eruptions of 472 CE Pollena and 1631. The motivation comes directly from the widely distributed impact that both the eruptions and lahar phenomena had on the Campanian territory, not only around the volcano but also down the nearby Apennine valleys. Data on about 500 stratigraphic sections and modeling allowed us to evaluate the physical and dynamical impact of these phenomena.
Mattia de' Michieli Vitturi, Tomaso Esposti Ongaro, and Samantha Engwell
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6309–6336, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6309-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6309-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present version 2 of the numerical code IMEX-SfloW2D. With this version it is possible to simulate a wide range of volcanic mass flows (pyroclastic avalanches, lahars, pyroclastic surges), and here we present its application to transient dilute pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). A simulation of the 1883 Krakatau eruption demonstrates the capability of the numerical model to face a complex natural case involving the propagation of PDCs over the sea surface and across topographic obstacles.
Manuel Titos, Beatriz Martínez Montesinos, Sara Barsotti, Laura Sandri, Arnau Folch, Leonardo Mingari, Giovanni Macedonio, and Antonio Costa
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 139–163, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-139-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-139-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work addresses a quantitative hazard assessment on the possible impact on air traffic of a future ash-forming eruption on the island of Jan Mayen. Through high-performance computing resources, we numerically simulate the transport of ash clouds and ash concentration at different flight levels over an area covering Iceland and the UK using the FALL3D model. This approach allows us to derive a set of probability maps explaining the extent and persisting concentration conditions of ash clouds.
Hugues Brenot, Nicolas Theys, Lieven Clarisse, Jeroen van Gent, Daniel R. Hurtmans, Sophie Vandenbussche, Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Lucia Mona, Timo Virtanen, Andreas Uppstu, Mikhail Sofiev, Luca Bugliaro, Margarita Vázquez-Navarro, Pascal Hedelt, Michelle Maree Parks, Sara Barsotti, Mauro Coltelli, William Moreland, Simona Scollo, Giuseppe Salerno, Delia Arnold-Arias, Marcus Hirtl, Tuomas Peltonen, Juhani Lahtinen, Klaus Sievers, Florian Lipok, Rolf Rüfenacht, Alexander Haefele, Maxime Hervo, Saskia Wagenaar, Wim Som de Cerff, Jos de Laat, Arnoud Apituley, Piet Stammes, Quentin Laffineur, Andy Delcloo, Robertson Lennart, Carl-Herbert Rokitansky, Arturo Vargas, Markus Kerschbaum, Christian Resch, Raimund Zopp, Matthieu Plu, Vincent-Henri Peuch, Michel Van Roozendael, and Gerhard Wotawa
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3367–3405, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3367-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3367-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The purpose of the EUNADICS-AV (European Natural Airborne Disaster Information and Coordination System for Aviation) prototype early warning system (EWS) is to develop the combined use of harmonised data products from satellite, ground-based and in situ instruments to produce alerts of airborne hazards (volcanic, dust, smoke and radionuclide clouds), satisfying the requirement of aviation air traffic management (ATM) stakeholders (https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/723986).
Mattia de' Michieli Vitturi and Federica Pardini
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1345–1377, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1345-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1345-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we present PLUME-MoM-TSM, a volcanic plume model that allows us to quantify the formation of aggregates during the rise of the plume, model the phase change of water, and include the possibility to simulate the initial spreading of the tephra umbrella cloud intruding from the volcanic column into the atmosphere. The model is first applied to the 2015 Calbuco eruption (Chile) and provides an analytical relationship between the upwind spreading and some characteristic of the volcanic column.
Alessandro Tadini, Andrea Bevilacqua, Augusto Neri, Raffaello Cioni, Giovanni Biagioli, Mattia de'Michieli Vitturi, and Tomaso Esposti Ongaro
Solid Earth, 12, 119–139, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-119-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-119-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we test a simplified numerical model for pyroclastic density currents or PDCs (mixtures of hot gas, lapilli and ash moving across the landscape under the effect of gravity). The aim is quantifying the differences between real and modelled deposits of some PDCs of the 79 CE eruption of Vesuvius, Italy. This step is important because in the paper it is demonstrated that this simplified model is useful for constraining input parameters for more computationally expensive models.
Sara Lenzi, Matteo Cerminara, Mattia de' Michieli Vitturi, Tomaso Esposti Ongaro, and Antonello Provenzale
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2020-28, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2020-28, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Elisa Carboni, Tamsin A. Mather, Anja Schmidt, Roy G. Grainger, Melissa A. Pfeffer, Iolanda Ialongo, and Nicolas Theys
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4851–4862, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4851-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4851-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption was the largest in Iceland for 200 years, emitting huge quantities of gas into the troposphere, at times overwhelming European anthropogenic emissions. Infrared Atmospheric sounding Interferometer data are used to derive the first time series of daily sulfur dioxide mass and vertical distribution over the eruption period. A scheme is used to estimate sulfur dioxide fluxes, the total erupted mass, and how long the sulfur dioxide remains in the atmosphere.
Mattia de' Michieli Vitturi, Tomaso Esposti Ongaro, Giacomo Lari, and Alvaro Aravena
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 581–595, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-581-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-581-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Pyroclastic avalanches are a type of granular flow generated at active volcanoes by different mechanisms, including the collapse of steep pyroclastic deposits (e.g., scoria and ash cones) and fountaining during moderately explosive eruptions. We present IMEX_SfloW2D, a depth-averaged flow model describing the granular mixture as a single-phase granular fluid. Benchmark cases and preliminary application to the simulation of the 11 February pyroclastic avalanche at Mt. Etna (Italy) are shown.
M. de' Michieli Vitturi, A. Neri, and S. Barsotti
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 2447–2463, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2447-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2447-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper a new mathematical model of volcanic plume, named Plume-MoM, is presented. The model is based on the method of moments and it is able to describe the continuous variability in the grain size distribution (GSD) of the pyroclastic mixture ejected at the vent, crucial to characterize the source conditions of ash dispersal models. Results show that the GSD at the top of the plume is similar to that at the base and that plume height is weakly affected by the parameters of the GSD.
Related subject area
Volcanic Hazards
SEATANI: hazards from seamounts in Southeast Asia, Taiwan, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands (eastern India)
The 2021 La Palma volcanic eruption and its impact on ionospheric scintillation as measured from GNSS reference stations, GNSS-R and GNSS-RO
Assessing long-term tephra fallout hazard in southern Italy from Neapolitan volcanoes
Clustering of eruptive events from high-precision strain signals recorded during the 2020–2022 lava fountains at the Etna volcano (Italy)
Grain size modulates volcanic ash retention on crop foliage and potential yield loss
Characterizing the evolution of mass flow properties and dynamics through analysis of seismic signals: insights from the 18 March 2007 Mt. Ruapehu lake-breakout lahar
Multi-station automatic classification of seismic signatures from the Lascar volcano database
Scenario-based modelling of waves generated by sublacustrine explosive eruptions at Lake Taupō, New Zealand
The characteristics of the 2022 Tonga volcanic tsunami in the Pacific Ocean
Assessing minimum pyroclastic density current mass to impact critical infrastructures: example from Aso caldera (Japan)
Insights into the vulnerability of vegetation to tephra fallouts from interpretable machine learning and big Earth observation data
Risk communication during seismo-volcanic crises: the example of Mayotte, France
Evaluating and ranking Southeast Asia's exposure to explosive volcanic hazards
Assessing the effectiveness and the economic impact of evacuation: the case of the island of Vulcano, Italy
VADUGS: a neural network for the remote sensing of volcanic ash with MSG/SEVIRI trained with synthetic thermal satellite observations simulated with a radiative transfer model
Long-term hazard assessment of explosive eruptions at Jan Mayen (Norway) and implications for air traffic in the North Atlantic
A unified probabilistic framework for volcanic hazard and eruption forecasting
Quantifying location error to define uncertainty in volcanic mass flow hazard simulations
Lava flow hazard map of Piton de la Fournaise volcano
Thematic vent opening probability maps and hazard assessment of small-scale pyroclastic density currents in the San Salvador volcanic complex (El Salvador) and Nejapa-Chiltepe volcanic complex (Nicaragua)
Assessing the impact of explosive eruptions of Fogo volcano (São Miguel, Azores) on the tourism economy
Remote monitoring of seismic swarms and the August 2016 seismic crisis of Brava, Cabo Verde, using array methods
Insights into the recurrent energetic eruptions that drive Awu, among the deadliest volcanoes on Earth
Invited perspectives: The volcanoes of Naples: how can the highest volcanic risk in the world be effectively mitigated?
A volcanic-hazard demonstration exercise to assess and mitigate the impacts of volcanic ash clouds on civil and military aviation
Analysis of properties of the 19 February 2018 volcanic eruption of Mount Sinabung in S5P/TROPOMI and Himawari-8 satellite data
Processes culminating in the 2015 phreatic explosion at Lascar volcano, Chile, evidenced by multiparametric data
Mapping the susceptibility of rain-triggered lahars at Vulcano island (Italy) combining field characterization, geotechnical analysis, and numerical modelling
Statistical theory of probabilistic hazard maps: a probability distribution for the hazard boundary location
Assessing the impact of road segment obstruction on accessibility of critical services in case of a hazard
Exposure-based risk assessment and emergency management associated with the fallout of large clasts at Mount Etna
Structural weakening of the Merapi dome identified by drone photogrammetry after the 2010 eruption
A retrospective study of the pre-eruptive unrest on El Hierro (Canary Islands): implications of seismicity and deformation in the short-term volcanic hazard assessment
An adaptive semi-Lagrangian advection model for transport of volcanic emissions in the atmosphere
Multi-level emulation of a volcanic ash transport and dispersion model to quantify sensitivity to uncertain parameters
Assessing qualitative long-term volcanic hazards at Lanzarote Island (Canary Islands)
High-resolution modelling of atmospheric dispersion of dense gas using TWODEE-2.1: application to the 1986 Lake Nyos limnic eruption
Examining the impact of lahars on buildings using numerical modelling
Brief communication: Extended chronology of the Cordón Caulle volcanic eruption beyond 2011 reveals toxic impacts
Aerosol properties and meteorological conditions in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina, during the resuspension of volcanic ash from the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption
Lava flow hazard at Fogo Volcano, Cabo Verde, before and after the 2014–2015 eruption
Factors controlling erosion/deposition phenomena related to lahars at Volcán de Colima, Mexico
The unrest of the San Miguel volcano (El Salvador, Central America): installation of the monitoring network and observed volcano-tectonic ground deformation
Using video games for volcanic hazard education and communication: an assessment of the method and preliminary results
Short-term volcano-tectonic earthquake forecasts based on a moving mean recurrence time algorithm: the El Hierro seismo-volcanic crisis experience
Lightning and electrical activity during the Shiveluch volcano eruption on 16 November 2014
Chronology and impact of the 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption, Chile
PM10 measurements in urban settlements after lava fountain episodes at Mt. Etna, Italy: pilot test to assess volcanic ash hazard to human health
Preliminary assessment for the use of VORIS as a tool for rapid lava flow simulation at Goma Volcano Observatory, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Secondary lahar hazard assessment for Villa la Angostura, Argentina, using Two-Phase-Titan modelling code during 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption
Andrea Verolino, Su Fen Wee, Susanna F. Jenkins, Fidel Costa, and Adam D. Switzer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1203–1222, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1203-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1203-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Submarine volcanic eruptions represent the majority of eruptions taking place on Earth. Still, they are vastly understudied worldwide. Here we compile a new dataset and assess the morphology, depth, and height of submarine volcanoes in Southeast Asia and its surroundings to understand their hazard-exposure potential in the region. This study will serve as a stepping stone for future quantitative hazard assessments from submarine eruptions in Southeast Asia and neighbouring countries.
Carlos Molina, Badr-Eddine Boudriki Semlali, Guillermo González-Casado, Hyuk Park, and Adriano Camps
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3671–3684, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3671-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3671-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Global navigation satellite system signals are used to measure the perturbations induced in the ionosphere by earthquakes related to volcanic eruptions. The study uses data from ground stations and satellites measuring the signals reflected on the ocean or during radio occultation. The results shows a small correlation, but given the small magnitude of the earthquakes, it is difficult to apply this concept to any practical application that finds earthquake proxies in ionospheric perturbations.
Silvia Massaro, Manuel Stocchi, Beatriz Martínez Montesinos, Laura Sandri, Jacopo Selva, Roberto Sulpizio, Biagio Giaccio, Massimiliano Moscatelli, Edoardo Peronace, Marco Nocentini, Roberto Isaia, Manuel Titos Luzón, Pierfrancesco Dellino, Giuseppe Naso, and Antonio Costa
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2289–2311, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2289-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2289-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A new methodology to calculate a probabilistic long-term tephra fallout hazard assessment in southern Italy from the Neapolitan volcanoes is provided. By means of thousands of numerical simulations we quantify the mean annual frequency with which the tephra load at the ground exceeds critical thresholds in 50 years. The output hazard maps account for changes in eruptive regimes of each volcano and are also comparable with those of other natural disasters in which more sources are integrated.
Luigi Carleo, Gilda Currenti, and Alessandro Bonaccorso
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1743–1754, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1743-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1743-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Lava fountains at the Etna volcano are explosive eruptions that pose a serious threat to civil infrastructure and aviation. Their evolution from weak explosion to sustained eruptive column is imprinted in tiny ground deformations caught by strain signals with diverse duration and amplitude. By performing a clustering analysis on strain variations, we discover a transition among four eruptive styles, providing useful hints for volcano monitoring and hazard assessment.
Noa Ligot, Patrick Bogaert, Sébastien Biass, Guillaume Lobet, and Pierre Delmelle
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1355–1369, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1355-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1355-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Assessing risk to crops from volcanic ashfall is critical to protect people who rely on agriculture for their livelihood and food security. Ash retention on crop leaves is a key process in damage initiation. Experiments with tomato and chilli pepper plants revealed that ash retention increases with decreasing ash grain size and is enhanced when leaves are pubescent or their surfaces are wet. We propose a new relationship to quantify potential crop yield loss as a function of ash retention.
Braden Walsh, Charline Lormand, Jon Procter, and Glyn Williams-Jones
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1029–1044, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1029-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1029-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we delve into the properties of a lake-breakout mass flow that grew up to a volume of ~ 4.4 × 106 m3 over the course of 83 km that occurred on 18 March 2007 at Mt. Ruapehu, Aotearoa / New Zealand. The combination of seismic analysis (frequency and directionality) with on-the-ground measurements (e.g., video, sediment concentration) shows how a lahar evolves over time and distance and how using seismic techniques can help monitor the ever-changing dynamics and properties of a flow event.
Pablo Salazar, Franz Yupanqui, Claudio Meneses, Susana Layana, and Gonzalo Yáñez
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 991–1006, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-991-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-991-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The acquisition of more generalizable models, using machine learning techniques, creates a good opportunity to develop a multi-volcano probabilistic model for volcanoes worldwide. This will improve the understanding and evaluation of the hazards and risks associated with the activity of volcanoes.
Matthew W. Hayward, Emily M. Lane, Colin N. Whittaker, Graham S. Leonard, and William L. Power
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 955–971, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-955-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-955-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, 20 explosive volcanic eruption scenarios of differing location and magnitude are simulated to investigate tsunami generation in Lake Taupō, New Zealand. A non-hydrostatic multilayer numerical scheme resolves the highly dispersive generated wavefield. Inundation, hydrographic and related hazard outputs are produced, indicating that significant inundation around the lake shore begins above 5 on the volcanic explosivity index.
Gui Hu, Linlin Li, Zhiyuan Ren, and Kan Zhang
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 675–691, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-675-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-675-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We explore the tsunamigenic mechanisms and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai volcanic tsunami event. Through extensive analysis of tsunami waveforms, we identify four distinct tsunami components from different physical mechanisms. The long-lasting oscillation of the tsunami event in the Pacific Ocean was mainly associated with the interplay of the ocean waves left by atmospheric waves with local bathymetry.
Andrea Bevilacqua, Alvaro Aravena, Willy Aspinall, Antonio Costa, Sue Mahony, Augusto Neri, Stephen Sparks, and Brittain Hill
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3329–3348, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3329-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3329-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate through first-order kinetic energy models, the minimum volume and mass of a pyroclastic density current generated at the Aso caldera that might affect any of five distal infrastructure sites. These target sites are all located 115–145 km from the caldera, but in well-separated directions. Our constraints of volume and mass are then compared with the scale of Aso-4, the largest caldera-forming eruption of Aso.
Sébastien Biass, Susanna F. Jenkins, William H. Aeberhard, Pierre Delmelle, and Thomas Wilson
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2829–2855, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2829-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2829-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a methodology that combines big Earth observation data and interpretable machine learning to revisit the impact of past volcanic eruptions recorded in archives of multispectral satellite imagery. Using Google Earth Engine and dedicated numerical modelling, we revisit and constrain processes controlling vegetation vulnerability to tephra fallout following the 2011 eruption of Cordón Caulle volcano, illustrating how this approach can inform the development of risk-reduction policies.
Maud Devès, Robin Lacassin, Hugues Pécout, and Geoffrey Robert
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2001–2029, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2001-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2001-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper focuses on the issue of population information about natural hazards and disaster risk. It builds on the analysis of the unique seismo-volcanic crisis on the island of Mayotte, France, that started in May 2018 and lasted several years. We document the gradual response of the actors in charge of scientific monitoring and risk management. We then make recommendations for improving risk communication strategies in Mayotte and also in contexts where comparable geo-crises may happen.
Susanna F. Jenkins, Sébastien Biass, George T. Williams, Josh L. Hayes, Eleanor Tennant, Qingyuan Yang, Vanesa Burgos, Elinor S. Meredith, Geoffrey A. Lerner, Magfira Syarifuddin, and Andrea Verolino
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1233–1265, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1233-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1233-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
There is a need for large-scale comparable assessments of volcanic threat, but previous approaches assume circular hazard to exposed population. Our approach quantifies and ranks five exposure types to four volcanic hazards for 40 volcanoes in Southeast Asia. Java has the highest median exposure, with Merapi consistently ranking as the highest-threat volcano. This study and the tools developed provide a road map with the possibility to extend them to other regions and/or towards impact and loss.
Costanza Bonadonna, Ali Asgary, Franco Romerio, Tais Zulemyan, Corine Frischknecht, Chiara Cristiani, Mauro Rosi, Chris E. Gregg, Sebastien Biass, Marco Pistolesi, Scira Menoni, and Antonio Ricciardi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1083–1108, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1083-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1083-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Evacuation planning and management represent a key aspect of volcanic crises because they can increase people's protection as well as minimize the potential impacts on the economy, properties and infrastructure of the affected area. We present a simulation tool that assesses the effectiveness of different evacuation scenarios as well as a model to assess the economic impact of evacuation as a function of evacuation duration and starting period using the island of Vulcano (Italy) as a case study.
Luca Bugliaro, Dennis Piontek, Stephan Kox, Marius Schmidl, Bernhard Mayer, Richard Müller, Margarita Vázquez-Navarro, Daniel M. Peters, Roy G. Grainger, Josef Gasteiger, and Jayanta Kar
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1029–1054, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1029-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1029-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The monitoring of ash dispersion in the atmosphere is an important task for satellite remote sensing since ash represents a threat to air traffic. We present an AI-based method that retrieves the spatial extension and properties of volcanic ash clouds with high temporal resolution during day and night by means of geostationary satellite measurements. This algorithm, trained on realistic observations simulated with a radiative transfer model, runs operationally at the German Weather Service.
Manuel Titos, Beatriz Martínez Montesinos, Sara Barsotti, Laura Sandri, Arnau Folch, Leonardo Mingari, Giovanni Macedonio, and Antonio Costa
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 139–163, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-139-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-139-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work addresses a quantitative hazard assessment on the possible impact on air traffic of a future ash-forming eruption on the island of Jan Mayen. Through high-performance computing resources, we numerically simulate the transport of ash clouds and ash concentration at different flight levels over an area covering Iceland and the UK using the FALL3D model. This approach allows us to derive a set of probability maps explaining the extent and persisting concentration conditions of ash clouds.
Warner Marzocchi, Jacopo Selva, and Thomas H. Jordan
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3509–3517, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3509-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3509-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Eruption forecasting and volcanic hazard analysis are pervaded by uncertainty of different kinds, such as the natural randomness, our lack of knowledge, and the so-called unknown unknowns. After discussing the limits of how classical probabilistic frameworks handle these uncertainties, we put forward a unified probabilistic framework which unambiguously defines uncertainty of different kinds, and it allows scientific validation of the hazard model against independent observations.
Stuart R. Mead, Jonathan Procter, and Gabor Kereszturi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2447–2460, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2447-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2447-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Computer simulations can be used to estimate the flow path and inundation of volcanic mass flows; however, their accuracy needs to be appropriately measured and handled in order to determine hazard zones. This paper presents an approach to simulation accuracy assessment and hazard zonation with a volcanic debris avalanche as the benchmark. This method helped to identify and support key findings about errors in mass flow simulations, as well as potential end-use cases for hazard zonation.
Magdalena Oryaëlle Chevrel, Massimiliano Favalli, Nicolas Villeneuve, Andrew J. L. Harris, Alessandro Fornaciai, Nicole Richter, Allan Derrien, Patrice Boissier, Andrea Di Muro, and Aline Peltier
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2355–2377, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2355-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2355-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
At Piton de la Fournaise, eruptions are typically fissure-fed and form extensive lava flow fields. Most historical events have occurred inside an uninhabited caldera, but rarely has lava flowed where population and infrastructure might be at risk. We present an up-to-date lava flow hazard map to visualize the probability of inundation by a lava flow per unit area that is an essential tool for hazard mitigation and guiding crises response management.
Andrea Bevilacqua, Alvaro Aravena, Augusto Neri, Eduardo Gutiérrez, Demetrio Escobar, Melida Schliz, Alessandro Aiuppa, and Raffaello Cioni
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1639–1665, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1639-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1639-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present novel probability maps for the opening position of new vents in the San Salvador (El Salvador) and Nejapa-Chiltepe (Nicaragua) volcanic complexes. In particular, we present thematic maps, i.e., we consider different hazardous phenomena separately. To illustrate the significant effects of considering the expected eruption style in the construction of vent opening maps, we focus on the analysis of small-scale pyroclastic density currents using an approach based on numerical modeling.
Joana Medeiros, Rita Carmo, Adriano Pimentel, José Cabral Vieira, and Gabriela Queiroz
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 417–437, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-417-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-417-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study proposes a new approach to accessing the economic impact of explosive eruptions on the tourism sector on São Miguel Island, which uses the loss present value method to estimate the benefits generated by accommodation units over 30 years for different scenarios. The results reveal that in a near-total-destruction scenario, the economic loss is ~ EUR 145 million. This method can be adapted to other volcanic regions and also to other geological hazards and economic sectors.
Carola Leva, Georg Rümpker, and Ingo Wölbern
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3627–3638, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3627-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3627-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Often, an abrupt increase in shallow seismicity at volcanoes is seen as an indicator for magmatic intrusions into the upper crust. If no eruption occurs and the seismic activity stops, this is called a failed eruption. Here, we report a failed eruption of Brava, Cabo Verde, in August 2016. We remotely monitored the seismicity of Brava with a seismic array, operating from October 2015 to December 2016. Other episodes with increased seismicity around the island were also observed during the study.
Philipson Bani, Kristianto, Syegi Kunrat, and Devy Kamil Syahbana
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2119–2132, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2119-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2119-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Awu is a little-known volcano in Indonesia, and paradoxically it is one of the deadliest volcanoes on Earth. Some of its recurrent intense eruptions have induced world-scale impacts. The pulverization of a cooled lava dome and its conduit plug have allowed lake water injection into the conduit, leading to explosive water–magma interaction. The past vigorous eruptions were likely induced by these phenomena and it is a possible scenario for future events.
Giuseppe De Natale, Claudia Troise, and Renato Somma
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2037–2053, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2037-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2037-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper starts by showing the present low performance of eruption forecasting and then addresses the problem of effectively mitigating the highest volcanic risk in the world, represented by the Naples area (southern Italy). The problem is considered in a highly multidisciplinary way, taking into account the main economic, sociological and urban planning issues. Our study gives precise guidelines to assessing and managing volcanic risk in any densely urbanised area.
Marcus Hirtl, Delia Arnold, Rocio Baro, Hugues Brenot, Mauro Coltelli, Kurt Eschbacher, Helmut Hard-Stremayer, Florian Lipok, Christian Maurer, Dieter Meinhard, Lucia Mona, Marie D. Mulder, Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Michael Pernsteiner, Matthieu Plu, Lennart Robertson, Carl-Herbert Rokitansky, Barbara Scherllin-Pirscher, Klaus Sievers, Mikhail Sofiev, Wim Som de Cerff, Martin Steinheimer, Martin Stuefer, Nicolas Theys, Andreas Uppstu, Saskia Wagenaar, Roland Winkler, Gerhard Wotawa, Fritz Zobl, and Raimund Zopp
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1719–1739, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1719-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1719-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The paper summarizes the set-up and outcome of a volcanic-hazard demonstration exercise, with the goals of assessing and mitigating the impacts of volcanic ash clouds on civil and military aviation. Experts in the field simulated the sequence of procedures for an artificial eruption of the Etna volcano in Italy. The scope of the exercise ranged from the detection of the assumed event to the issuance of early warnings and optimized rerouting of flights.
Adrianus de Laat, Margarita Vazquez-Navarro, Nicolas Theys, and Piet Stammes
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1203–1217, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1203-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1203-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
TROPOMI satellite measurements can accurately determine the height of thick volcanic ash clouds from a short-lived volcanic eruption of the Sinabung volcano in Indonesia. Standard geostationary satellite detection of volcanic ash was limited due to the presence of water and ice in the upper parts of volcanic ash clouds, a known issue. The TROPOMI satellite measurements do not suffer from this limitation, hence providing information where standard geostationary volcanic ash detection is limited.
Ayleen Gaete, Thomas R. Walter, Stefan Bredemeyer, Martin Zimmer, Christian Kujawa, Luis Franco Marin, Juan San Martin, and Claudia Bucarey Parra
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 377–397, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-377-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-377-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Phreatic eruptions often occur without signs of enhanced volcanic unrest, avoiding detection and posing a threat to people in the vicinity. We analyzed data of the 2015 phreatic eruption of Lascar volcano, Chile, to retrospectively identify a precipitation event as the trigger mechanism and potential signs heralding this minor eruption. We showed that it is possible to detect the precursory activity of phreatic eruptions by deploying appropriate multiparametric monitoring.
Valérie Baumann, Costanza Bonadonna, Sabatino Cuomo, Mariagiovanna Moscariello, Sebastien Biass, Marco Pistolesi, and Alessandro Gattuso
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2421–2449, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2421-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2421-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Lahars are fast-moving mixtures of volcanic debris and water propagating downslope on volcanoes that can be very dangerous for people and property. Identification of lahar source areas and initiation mechanisms is crucial to comprehensive lahar hazard assessment. We present the first rain-triggered lahar susceptibility map for La Fossa volcano (Vulcano, Italy) combining probabilistic tephra modelling, slope-stability modelling, precipitation data, field characterizations, and geotechnical tests.
David M. Hyman, Andrea Bevilacqua, and Marcus I. Bursik
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1347–1363, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1347-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1347-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we present new methods for calculating the mean, standard deviation, median, and modal locations of the boundaries of volcanic hazards. These calculations are based on a new, mathematically rigorous definition of probabilistic hazard maps – a way to map the probabilities of inundation by a given hazard. We apply this analysis to several models of volcanic flows: simple models of viscous flows, complex models of a tabletop granular flow, and a complex model of a volcanic mud flow.
Sophie Mossoux, Matthieu Kervyn, and Frank Canters
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1251–1263, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1251-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1251-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Hazard maps provide information about the probability of given areas of being affected by hazards. So far studies combining hazard mapping with accessibility to services are few. In this study, we propose two new metrics defining the importance of each road segment in the accessibility of services, taking into account the probability of being affected by a hazard. These metrics may help support discussions about the development of new infrastructure or road segments and evacuation procedures.
Sara Osman, Eduardo Rossi, Costanza Bonadonna, Corine Frischknecht, Daniele Andronico, Raffaello Cioni, and Simona Scollo
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 589–610, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-589-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-589-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The fallout of large clasts (> 5 cm) from the margins of eruptive plumes can damage local infrastructure and severely injure people close to the volcano. Even though this potential hazard has been observed at many volcanoes, it has often been overlooked. We present the first hazard and risk assessment of large-clast fallout from eruptive plumes and use Mt Etna (Italy) as a case study. The use of dedicated shelters in the case of an explosive event that occurs with no warning is also evaluated.
Herlan Darmawan, Thomas R. Walter, Valentin R. Troll, and Agus Budi-Santoso
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3267–3281, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-3267-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-3267-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
At Merapi volcano, lava dome failure may generate pyroclastic flow and threaten populations who live on its flanks. Here, we assessed the potential hazard of the Merapi lava dome by using drone photogrammetry and numerical modeling. Results show a weak structural depression that is associated with high thermal imaging in the southern Merapi lava dome sector. The southern lava dome sector may be further destabilized by typical rainfall at the Merapi summit and produce pyroclastic flow up to 4 km.
Stefania Bartolini, Carmen López, Laura Becerril, Rosa Sobradelo, and Joan Martí
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1759–1770, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1759-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1759-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The most challenging aspect of forecasting volcanic eruptions is the correct identification and interpretation of precursors during the episodes that normally precede eruptive activity. We show an easy and useful approach to the understanding of the information recorded by the monitoring system and show how this information can be used to forecast an eruption and its potential hazards in real time. This methodology can be used to facilitate communication between scientists and decision-makers.
Elena Gerwing, Matthias Hort, Jörn Behrens, and Bärbel Langmann
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1517–1534, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1517-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1517-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This article describes the first volcanic emission advection model based on an adaptive mesh. The advection of volcanic emissions plays a crucial role in climate research, air traffic control and human wellbeing. In contrast to already existing volcanic emission dispersion models relying on a fixed grid, the application of an adaptive mesh enables us to simulate the advection of volcanic emissions with a high local resolution while minimizing computational cost.
Natalie J. Harvey, Nathan Huntley, Helen F. Dacre, Michael Goldstein, David Thomson, and Helen Webster
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 41–63, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-41-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-41-2018, 2018
Laura Becerril, Joan Martí, Stefania Bartolini, and Adelina Geyer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1145–1157, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1145-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1145-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Lanzarote is an island (Canaries, Spain), that has hosted the largest and longest eruption in the archipelago (Timanfaya 1730–36). It brought severe economic losses and forced local people to migrate. We have developed the first comprehensive hazard assessment for the island. New eruptions will take place close to the last one and will be characterised by Strombolian activity, with ash emission towards the S, medium-length lava flows and hydromagmatic activity only close to the coastal areas.
Arnau Folch, Jordi Barcons, Tomofumi Kozono, and Antonio Costa
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 861–879, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-861-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-861-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric dispersal of a gas denser than air can threat the environment and surrounding communities. In complex terrains, microscale winds and local orographic features can have a strong influence on the gas cloud behavior, potentially leading to inaccurate model results if not captured by coarser-scale simulations. We introduce a methodology for microscale wind field characterization and validate it using, as a test case, the CO2 gas dispersal from 1986 Lake Nyos eruption.
Stuart R. Mead, Christina Magill, Vincent Lemiale, Jean-Claude Thouret, and Mahesh Prakash
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 703–719, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-703-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-703-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanic mudflows, called lahars, can cause large amounts of damage to buildings. In this research we developed a method to estimate lahar-induced building damage based on the height, speed and amount of volcanic material in the lahar. This method was applied to a small region in Arequipa, Peru, where computer models were used to estimate the number of buildings affected by lahars. The research found that building location and the size of the flow are most important in determining damage.
Werner T. Flueck
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2351–2355, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2351-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2351-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The 2011 Puyehue volcano eruption also caused persisting chemical impacts. By 2012, dental fluorosis in deer appeared, with bone fluoride increasing > 38-fold. Livestock also succumbed to fluorosis. As exposure of ruminants continued, bone fluoride reached 10 396 ppm, by 2014 caused skeletal fluorosis, reduced wool growth, and caused major losses among periparturient cattle. Peculiarities of digestive processes make ruminants susceptible to fluoride-containing ashes.
Ana Graciela Ulke, Marcela M. Torres Brizuela, Graciela B. Raga, and Darrel Baumgardner
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2159–2175, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2159-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2159-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The eruption in June 2011 of the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Volcanic Complex (Chile) impacted air traffic around the Southern Hemisphere for several months. The ash deposited in vast areas of the Patagonian steppe was subjected to the strong wind conditions prevalent during the austral winter and spring. An ash resuspension event impacted Buenos Aires and resulted in the closure of airports in the area on 16 October 2011. Measurements of aerosol properties clearly indicate the enhanced concentrations
Nicole Richter, Massimiliano Favalli, Elske de Zeeuw-van Dalfsen, Alessandro Fornaciai, Rui Manuel da Silva Fernandes, Nemesio M. Pérez, Judith Levy, Sónia Silva Victória, and Thomas R. Walter
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1925–1951, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1925-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1925-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a comprehensive lava flow hazard assessment for Fogo volcano, Cabo Verde before and after the 2014–2015 eruption based on probabilistic lava flow simulations. We find that the probability of lava flow invasion has not decreased at the location of two villages that were destroyed during this eruption, but have already started to be rebuilt. Our findings will be important for the next eruption of Fogo volcano and have implications for future lava flow crises elsewhere in the world.
Rosario Vázquez, Lucia Capra, and Velio Coviello
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1881–1895, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1881-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1881-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present the morphological changes experienced by Montegrande ravine (Volcán de Colima, Mexico) during the 2013, 2014 and 2015 rainy seasons. A total of 11 lahars occurred during this period of time, and their erosion/deposition effects were quantified by means of cross sections and rainfall analysis. The major factors controlling the E/D rates are the channel-bed slope, the cross-section width, the flow depth and the joint effect of sediment availability and accumulated rainfall.
Alessandro Bonforte, Douglas Antonio Hernandez, Eduardo Gutiérrez, Louis Handal, Cecilia Polío, Salvatore Rapisarda, and Piergiorgio Scarlato
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1755–1769, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1755-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1755-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we present the work done during an international cooperation between Italy and El Salvador, for implementing the multiparametric monitoring of the San Miguel volcano in El Salvador after its sudden unrest. In particular, the aim of this paper is to show and describe the installed geodetic network and to show, comment and interpret the very first detailed ground deformation data obtained on this volcano during an unrest period, useful for characterizing its unknown dynamics.
Lara Mani, Paul D. Cole, and Iain Stewart
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1673–1689, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1673-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1673-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we aim to better understand the potential for using video games in volcanic hazard education with at-risk communities. A study using a bespoke-designed video game – St. Vincent's Volcano – was trialled on the Caribbean island of St. Vincent in 2015. Preliminary data analysis demonstrates 94 % of study participants had an improved knowledge of volcanic hazards after playing the game, leading us to conclude that video games could be a logical progression for education and outreach activities.
Alicia García, Servando De la Cruz-Reyna, José M. Marrero, and Ramón Ortiz
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1135–1144, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1135-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1135-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquakes of volcanic origin (VT) represent a significant hazard in volcanic islands prone to landslides. We present a methodology to forecast large VT earthquakes during volcanic crises based on an algorithm that translates fluctuations of the level of seismicity into 10-day time windows of increased probability of a major event. This algorithm has been successfully applied during the 2011–2013 volcanic crisis at El Hierro (Canary Islands).
Boris M. Shevtsov, Pavel P. Firstov, Nina V. Cherneva, Robert H. Holzworth, and Renat R. Akbashev
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 871–874, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-871-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-871-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The Kamchatka volcano group is located near populated areas and international air routes. Due to this, explosive eruptions are a serious threat to their security. To decrease the risks, effective systems for remote detection of eruptions are necessary. WWLLN resolution is enough for the remote sensing of the volcano lightning activity in the early stage of ash cloud formation a few minutes after the eruption when electrification proceeds the most intensively.
Manuela Elissondo, Valérie Baumann, Costanza Bonadonna, Marco Pistolesi, Raffaello Cioni, Antonella Bertagnini, Sébastien Biass, Juan-Carlos Herrero, and Rafael Gonzalez
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 675–704, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-675-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-675-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a chronological reconstruction of the 2011 eruption of Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcano (Chile) which significantly affected the ecosystem and important economic sectors. The comparison with the impact associated with other recent eruptions located in similar areas shows that the regions downwind of the erupting volcanoes suffered similar problems, suggesting that a detailed collection of impact data can be largely beneficial for the development of emergency and risk-mitigation plans.
D. Andronico and P. Del Carlo
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 29–40, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-29-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-29-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The paper focuses on the potential health risks caused by the sub-10 micron fraction of volcanic ash (PM10) following explosive eruptions of Mt. Etna (Italy). We present the results of a study on the ash concentration in the air of urbanized areas after the 15 November 2011 lava fountain and the related tephra fallout, causing high levels of PM10 in the air. We conclude by hoping that due attention will be given to the impact of ash fallout on the Etnean territory in the future.
A. M. Syavulisembo, H.-B. Havenith, B. Smets, N. d'Oreye, and J. Marti
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2391–2400, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2391-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2391-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The Virunga area in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with over 1 million inhabitants, has to permanently cope with the threat posed by the active Nyamulagira and Nyiragongo volcanoes. During the past century, Nyamulagira erupted at intervals of about every 3 years – mostly in the form of lava flows – at least 30 times. In order to identify a useful tool for hazard assessment at the Goma Volcanological Observatory, we tested VORIS, a freely available software (www.gvb-csic.es).
G. Córdoba, G. Villarosa, M. F. Sheridan, J. G. Viramonte, D. Beigt, and G. Salmuni
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 757–766, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-757-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-757-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper shows the results of secondary lahar modelling in Villa La Angostura town (Neuquén-Argentina) based on the Two-Phase-Titan modelling computer code.
Possible occurrence of secondary lahars that could reach the city was analysed. The procedure allowed simulation of the path of flows from Florencia, Las Piedritas and Colorado creeks, which are the most influential streams in Villa La Angostura. The output of the modelling is a valuable tool for city planning and risk management.
Cited articles
Adams, B. M., Bohnhoff, W. J., Dalbey, K. R., Ebeida, M. S., Eddy, J. P., Eldred,
M. S., Hooper, R. W., Hough, P. D., Hu, K. T., Jakeman, J. D., Khalil, M.,
Maupin, K. A., Monschke, J. A., Ridgway, E. M., Rushdi, A. A., Seidl, D. T.,
Stephens, J. A., Swiler, L. P., and Winokur, J. G.: Dakota, A Multilevel
Parallel Object-Oriented Framework for Design Optimization, Parameter
Estimation, Uncertainty Quantification, and Sensitivity Analysis: Version
6.15 User's Manual, Sandia Technical Report SAND2020-12495, Sandia National Laboratories, 2021.
Andrésdóttir, Þ. B.: Eldfjallavá á Reykjanesi, Thesis, University of Iceland, Háskólaprent, Reykjavík,
2016.
Andrésdóttir, Þ. B.: Volcanic hazard and risk assessment at
Reykjanes, vulnerability of infrastructure, Thesis, University of Iceland, Háskólaprent, Reykjavík, 2018.
Barberi, F. and Villari, L.: Volcano monitoring and civil protection
problems during the 1991–1993 Etna eruption, Acta Vulcanol., 4,
157–165, 1994.
Barsotti, S., Parks, M. M., Pfeffer, M. A., Óladóttir, B. A.,
Barnie, T., Titos, M. M., Jónsdóttir, K., Pedersen, G. B. M.,
Hjartardóttir, Á. R., Stefansdóttir, G., Johannsson, T., Arason,
Þ., Gudmundsson, M. T., Oddsson, B., Þrastarson, R. H.,
Ófeigsson, B. G., Vogfjörd, K., Geirsson, H., Hjörvar, T., von
Löwis, S., Petersen, G. N., and Sigurðsson, E. M.: The eruption in
Fagradalsfjall (2021, Iceland): how the operational monitoring and the
volcanic hazard assessment contributed to its safe access, Nat. Hazards, 116,
3063–3092, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05798-7, 2023.
Cappello, A., Ganci, G., Calvari, S., Pérez, N. M., Hernández, P.
A., Silva, S. V., Cabral, J., and Del Negro, C.: Lava flow hazard modeling
during the 2014–2015 Fogo eruption, Cape Verde, J. Geophys.
Res.-Sol. Ea., 121, 2290–2303, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012666, 2016a.
Cappello, A., Hérault, A., Bilotta, G., Ganci, G., and Del Negro, C.:
MAGFLOW: a physics-based model for the dynamics of lava-flow emplacement,
Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 426, 357–373,
https://doi.org/10.1144/SP426.16, 2016b.
Carracedo, J. C., Troll, V. R., Day, J. M. D., Geiger, H., Aulinas, M.,
Soler, V., Deegan, F. M., Perez-Torrado, F. J., Gisbert, G., Gazel, E.,
Rodriguez-Gonzalez, A., and Albert, H.: The 2021 eruption of the Cumbre
Vieja volcanic ridge on La Palma, Canary Islands, Geol. Today, 38,
94–107, https://doi.org/10.1111/gto.12388, 2022.
Chevrel, M. O., Labroquère, J., Harris, A. J. L., and Rowland, S. K.:
PyFLOWGO: An open-source platform for simulation of channelized
lavahermoso-rheological properties, Comput. Geosci., 111,
167–180, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2017.11.009, 2018.
Chevrel, M. O., Favalli, M., Villeneuve, N., Harris, A. J. L., Fornaciai, A., Richter, N., Derrien, A., Boissier, P., Di Muro, A., and Peltier, A.: Lava flow hazard map of Piton de la Fournaise volcano, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2355–2377, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2355-2021, 2021.
Clifton, A. E. and Kattenhorn, S. A.: Structural architecture of a highly
oblique divergent plate boundary segment, Tectonophysics, 419, 27–40,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2006.03.016, 2006.
Cubuk-Sabuncu, Y., Jónsdóttir, K., Caudron, C., Lecocq, T., Parks,
M. M., Geirsson, H., and Mordret, A.: Temporal Seismic Velocity Changes
During the 2020 Rapid Inflation at Mt. Þorbjörn-Svartsengi, Iceland,
Using Seismic Ambient Noise, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48,
e2020GL092265, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL092265, 2021.
de'Michieli Vitturi, M. and Tarquini, S.: MrLavaLoba: A new probabilistic
model for the simulation of lava flows as a settling process, J.
Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 349, 323–334, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.11.016, 2018.
Dietterich, H. R., Lev, E., Chen, J., Richardson, J. A., and Cashman, K. V.:
Benchmarking computational fluid dynamics models of lava flow simulation for
hazard assessment, forecasting, and risk management, J. Appl.
Volcanol., 6, 9, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-017-0061-x, 2017.
Eibl, E. P. S., Thordarson, T., Höskuldsson, Á., Gudnason, E.
Á., Dietrich, T., Hersir, G. P., and Ágústsdóttir, T.:
Evolving shallow conduit revealed by tremor and vent activity observations
during episodic lava fountaining of the 2021 Geldingadalir eruption,
Iceland, Bull. Volcanol., 85, 10, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-022-01622-z,
2023.
Einarsson, P., Hjartardóttir, Á. R., Hreinsdóttir, S., and
Imsland, P.: The structure of seismogenic strike-slip faults in the eastern
part of the Reykjanes Peninsula Oblique Rift, SW Iceland, J.
Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 391, 106372, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.04.029, 2020.
Einarsson, P. and Sæmundsson, K.: Earthquake epicenters 1982–1985 and
volcanic systems in Iceland = Upptok jardskjalfta 1982–1985 og
eldstodvakerfi a Islandi [Map], Menningarsjóður, 1987.
Einarsson, S.: Brennisteinsfjöll Alternative name: Bláfjöll, in:
Catalogue of Icelandic volcanoes, edited by: Óladóttir, B. A.,
Larsen, G., and Gudmundsson, M. T., IMO, UI and CPD-NCIP,
http://icelandicvolcanoes.is/?volcano=BRE (last access: 11 September 2023), 2019a.
Einarsson, S.: Krýsuvík-Trölladyngja Alternative name:
Krísuvík, in: Catalogue of Icelandic volcanoes, edited by:
Óladóttir, B. A., Larsen, G., and Gudmundsson, M. T., IMO, UI and
CPD-NCIP, http://icelandicvolcanoes.is/?volcano=KRY (last access: 11 September 2023), 2019b.
Favalli, M., Pareschi, M. T., Neri, A., and Isola, I.: Forecasting lava flow
paths by a stochastic approach, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L03305,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021718, 2005.
Favalli, M., Tarquini, S., Papale, P., Fornaciai, A., and Boschi, E.: Lava
flow hazard and risk at Mt. Cameroon volcano, Bull. Volcanol., 74, 423–439,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0540-6, 2012.
Felpeto, A., Martí, J., and Ortiz, R.:Automatic GIS-based system for
volcanic hazard assessment, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.,
166, 106–116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.07.008, 2007.
Flóvenz, Ó. G., Wang, R., Hersir, G. P., Dahm, T., Hainzl, S.,
Vassileva, M., Drouin, V., Heimann, S., Isken, M. P., Gudnason, E. Á.,
Ágústsson, K., Ágústsdóttir, T., Horálek, J.,
Motagh, M., Walter, T. R., Rivalta, E., Jousset, P., Krawczyk, C. M., and
Milkereit, C.: Cyclical geothermal unrest as a precursor to Iceland's 2021
Fagradalsfjall eruption, Nat. Geosci., 15, 397–404, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-00930-5, 2022.
Flynn, I. T., Chevrel, M. O., Crown, D. A., and Ramsey, M. S.: The effects
of digital elevation model resolution on the PyFLOWGO thermorheological lava
flow model, Environ. Model. Softw., 167, 105768,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105768, 2023.
Ganci, G., Vicari, A., Cappello, A., and Del Negro, C.: An emergent
strategy for volcano hazard assessment: From thermal satellite monitoring to
lava flow modeling, Remote Sens. Environ., 119, 197–207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.12.021, 2012.
Gee, M. A. M.: Volcanology and geochemistry of Reykjanes Peninsula:
Plume-mid-ocean ridge interaction, PhD thesis, University of London, 1998.
Glaze, L. S. and Baloga, S. M.: Simulation of inflated pahoehoe lava flows,.
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 255, 108–123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.01.018, 2013.
Greenfield, T., Winder, T., Rawlinson, N., Maclennan, J., White, R. S.,
Ágústsdóttir, T., Bacon, C. A., Brandsdóttir, B., Eibl, E.
P. S., Glastonbury-Southern, E., Gudnason, E. Á., Hersir, G. P., and
Horálek, J.: Deep long period seismicity preceding and during the 2021
Fagradalsfjall eruption, Iceland, Bull. Volcanol., 84, 101,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-022-01603-2, 2022.
Harris, A. J. and Rowland, S.: FLOWGO: A kinematic hermos-rheological model
for lava flowing in a channel, Bull. Volcanol., 63, 20–44,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s004450000120, 2001.
Harris, A. J. L., Villeneuve, N., Di Muro, A., Ferrazzini, V., Peltier, A.,
Coppola, D., Favalli, M., Bachèlery, P., Froger, J.-L., Gurioli, L.,
Moune, S., Vlastélic, I., Galle, B., and Arellano, S.: Effusive crises
at Piton de la Fournaise 2014–2015: a review of a multi-national response
model, J. Appl. Volcanol., 6, 11, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-017-0062-9, 2017.
Harris, A. J. L., Chevrel, M. O., Coppola, D., Ramsey, M. S., Hrysiewicz, A.,
Thivet, S., Villeneuve, N., Favalli, M., Peltier, A., Kowalski, P., DiMuro,
A., Froger, J.-L., and Gurioli, L.: Validation of an integrated
satellite-data-driven response to an effusive crisis: the April–May 2018
eruption of Piton de la Fournaise, Ann. Geophys., 62, VO230, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-7972, 2019.
Jakobsson, S. P., Jónsson, J., and Shido, F.: Petrology of the Western
Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, J. Petrol., 19, 669–705,
https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/19.4.669, 1978.
Jones, J. G.: Intraglacial volcanoes of the Laugarvatn region, south-west
Iceland – I, Q. J. Geol. Soc., 124,
197–211, https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.124.1.0197, 1969.
Jónsson, J.: Jarðfræðikort af Reykjanesskaga (Geological map
of the Reykjanes Peninsula), Orkustofnun Jarðhitadeilsd 7831, 1978.
Jóhannesson, T., Björnsson, H., Magnusson, E., Gudmundsson, S.,
Palsson, F., Sigurdsson, O., Throsteinsson, T., and Berthier, E.: Ice-volume
changes, bias estimation of mass-balance measurements and changes in
subglacial lakes derived by lidar mapping of the surface ofhermosnc
glaciers, Ann. Glaciol., 54, 63–74, 2013.
Kauahikaua, J.: Lava flow hazard assessment, as of August 2007, for Kilauea
east rift zone eruptions, Hawaii island, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File
Report 2007-1264, August, 9 pp., http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod (last access: 5 September 2023),
2007.
Klein, F. W., Einarsson, P., and Wyss, M.:The Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland,
earthquake swarm of September 1972 and its tectonic significance, J.
Geophys. Res., 82, 865–888, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB082i005p00865, 1977.
Lowenstern, J. B., Wallace, K., Barsotti, S., Sandri, L., Stovall, W.,
Bernard, B., Privitera, E., Komorowski, J.-C., Fournier, N., Balagizi, C.,
and Garaebiti, E.: Guidelines for volcano-observatory operations during
crises: recommendations from the 2019 volcano observatory best practices
meeting, J. Appl. Volcanol., 11, 3,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-021-00112-9, 2022.
Martí, J., Becerril, L., and Rodríguez, A.: How long-term hazard
assessment may help to anticipate volcanic eruptions: The case of La Palma
eruption 2021 (Canary Islands), J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 431, 107669, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107669,
2022.
Mossoux, S., Saey, M., Bartolini, S., Poppe, S., Canters, F., and Kervyn,
M.: Q-LAVHA: A flexible GIS plugin to simulate lava flows, Comput.
Geosci., 97, 98–109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2016.09.003, 2016.
Neal, C. A., Brantley, S. R., Antolik, L., Babb, J. L., Burgess, M., Calles,
K., Cappos, M., Chang, J. C., Conway, S., Desmither, L., Dotray, P., Elias,
T., Fukunaga, P., Fuke, S., Johanson, I. A., Kamibayashi, K., Kauahikaua,
J., Lee, R. L., Pekalib, S., Miklius, A.,
Million, W., Moniz, C. J., Nadeau, P. A., Okubo, P., Parcheta, C., Patrick, M. R., Shiro, B.,
Swanson, D. A., Tollett, W., Trusdell, F., Younger, E. F., Zoeller, M. H.,
Montgomery-Brown, E. K., Anderson, K. R., Poland, M. P., Ball, J. L., Bard, J.,
Coombs, M., Dietterich, H. R., Kern, C., Thelen, W. A., Cervelli, P. F., Orr, T.,
Houghton, B. F., Gansecki, C., Hazlett, R., Lundgren, P., Diefenbach, A. K., Lerner, A. H.,
Waite, G., Kelly, P., Clor, L., Werner, C., Mulliken, K., Fisher G., and Damby, D.: The 2018 rift eruption
and summit collapse of Kīlauea Volcano, Science, 363, 367–374,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav7046, 2019.
Nuth, C. and Kääb, A.: Co-registration and bias corrections of satellite elevation data sets for quantifying glacier thickness change, The Cryosphere, 5, 271–290, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-271-2011, 2011.
Óladóttir, B. A., Óladóttir, B. A., Larsen, G., and
Gudmundsson, M. T.: Fagradalsfjall Also known as part of
Krýsuvík-Trölladyngja volcanic system, in: Catalogue of
Icelandic volcanoes, IMO, UI and CPD-NCIP, http://icelandicvolcanoes.is/?volcano=FAG (last access: 11 September 2023), 2022.
Pallister, J., Papale, P., Eichelberger, J., Newhall, C., Mandeville, C.,
Nakada, S., Marzocchi, W., Loughlin, S., Jolly, G., Ewert, J., and Selva,
J.: Volcano observatory best practices (VOBP) workshops – A summary of
findings and best-practice recommendations, J. Appl. Volcanol.,
8, 2, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-019-0082-8, 2019.
Pedersen, G. B. M. and Grosse, P.: Morphometry of subaerial shield
volcanoes and glaciovolcanoes from Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland: Effects of
eruption environment, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 282,
115–133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.06.008,
2014.
Pedersen, G. B. M., Belart, J. M. C. Óskarsson, B. V., Gudmundsson, M.
T., Gies, N., Högnadóttir, Th., Hjartardóttir, A. R., Pinel, V.,
Berthier, E., Dürig, T., Reynolds, H. I., Hamilton, C. W., Valsson, G.,
Einarsson, P., Ben-Yehosua, D., Gunnarsson, D., and Oddsson, B.: Volume,
effusion rate, and lava transport during the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption:
Results from near real-time photogrammetric monitoring, Geophis. Res.
Lett., 49, 13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097125, 2022a.
Pedersen, G. B. M., Belart, J. M.C., Óskarsson, B. V., Gudmundsson, M.
T., Gies, N., Högnadóttir, Th., Hjartadótti, Á. R. Pinel,
V., Berthier, E., Dürig, T., Reynolds, H. I., Hamilton, C. W., Valsson,
G., Einarsson, P., Ben-Yehosua, D., Gunnarsson, A., and Oddsson, B.: Digital
Elevation Models, orthoimages and lava outlines of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall
eruption: Results from near real-time photogrammetric monitoring (Version
v1.2), Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7866738,
2022b.
Peltier, A., Ferrazzini, V., Di Muro, A., Kowalski, P., Villeneuve, N.,
Richter, N., Chevrel, M. O., Froger, J.-L., Hrysiewicz, A., Gouhier, M.,
Coppola, D., Retailleau, L., Beauducel, F., Boissier, P., Brunet, C., Catherine, P.,
Fontaine, F., Lauret, F., Garavaglia, L., Lebreton, J., Canjamale, K., Desfete, N.,
Griot, C., Arellano, S., and Liuzzo, M. G. S.: Volcano crisis management during
COVID-19 lockdown at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion), Seismol.
Res. Lett., 92, 38–52, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200212, 2020.
Peltier, A, Chevrel, M. O., Harris, A. J. L., and Villeneuve, N.:
Reappraisal of gap analysis for effusive crises at Piton de la Fournaise,
J. Appl. Volcanol., 11, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-021-00111-w, 2022.
Pfeffer, M. A., Barsotti, S., Karlsdóttir, S., Jensen, E. H., Pagneux,
E. P., Björnsson, B. B., Jóhannesdóttir, G., Höskuldsson,
Á., Sandri, L., Selva, J., and Tarquini, S.: An initial volcanic hazard
assessment of the Vestmannaeyjar Volcanic System, Icelandic Meterological
Office, Iceland, 73 pp., Veðurstofa Íslands
The report has the following numbers:
VÍ 2020-011,
ISSN 1670-8261, 2020.
Porter, C., Morin, P., Howat, I., Noh, M.-J., Bates, B., Peterman, K., Keesey, S., Schlenk, M., Gardiner, J., Tomko, K., Willis, M., Kelleher, C., Cloutier, M., Husby, E., Foga, S., Nakamura, H., Platson, M., Wethington Jr., M., Williamson, C., Bauer, G., Enos, J., Arnold, G., Kramer, W., Becker, P., Doshi, A., D'Souza, C., Cummens, P., Laurier, F., and Bojesen, M.: ArcticDEM. Harvard Dataverse, V1. Polar Geospatial Center, University
of Minnesota, Polar Geospatial Center (PGC), https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/OHHUKH, 2018.
Richter, N., Favalli, M., de Zeeuw-van Dalfsen, E., Fornaciai, A., da Silva Fernandes, R. M., Pérez, N. M., Levy, J., Victória, S. S., and Walter, T. R.: Lava flow hazard at Fogo Volcano, Cabo Verde, before and after the 2014–2015 eruption, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1925–1951, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1925-2016, 2016.
Rossi, M. J.: Morphology and mechanism of eruption of postglacial shield
volcanoes in Iceland, Bull. Volcanol., 57, 530–540, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00304437, 1996.
Sigmundsson, F., Parks, M., Hooper, A., Geirsson, H., Vogfjörd, K. S.,
Drouin, V., Ófeigsson, B. G., Hreinsdóttir, S., Hjaltadóttir,
S., Jónsdóttir, K., Einarsson, P., Barsotti, S., Horálek, J.,
and Ágústsdóttir, T.: Deformation and seismicity decline before
the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption, Nature, 609, 523–528,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05083-4, 2022.
Sigurgeirsson, M. A. and Einarsson, S.: Reykjanes and Svartsengi volcanic
systems, in: Catalogue
of Icelandic Volcanoes, edited by: Oladottir, B., Larsen, G., and Guðmundsson, M. T., IMO, UI and CPD-NCIP,
http://icelandicvolcanoes.is/?volcano=REY (last access: 11 Septeber 2013), 2016.
Sæmundsson, K.: Hengill, in: Catalogue of Icelandic volcanoes, edited
by: Óladóttir, B. A., Larsen, G., and Gudmundsson, M. T., IMO, UI
and CPD-NCIP, http://icelandicvolcanoes.is/?volcano=HEN (last access: 11 Septeber 2013), 2019.
Sæmundsson, K. and Sigurgeirsson, M. Á.: Reykjanesskagi, in:
Náttúruvá, edited by: Sólnes, J., Sigmundsson, F., and
Bessason, B., Viðlagatrygging Íslands/Háskólaútgáfa, 379–401, 2013.
Sæmundsson, K., Jóhanneson, H., Hjartarson, Á., Kristinsson, S.
G., and Sigurgeirsson, M. Á.: Geologic map of Southwest Iceland, Map,
Iceland Geosurvey, 2010.
Sæmundsson, K., Sigurgeirsson, M. Á., and Friðleifsson, G.
Ó.: Geology and structure of the Reykjanes volcanic system, Iceland,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 391, 106501,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.11.022, 2020.
Tarquini, S. and Favalli, M.: Uncertainties in lava flow hazard maps
derived from numerical simulations: The case study of Mount Etna, J.
Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 260, 90–102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.04.017, 2013.
Tarquini, S., Vitturi, M. de' M., Jensen, E., Pedersen, G., Barsotti, S.,
Coppola, D., and Pfeffer, M. A.: Modeling lava flow propagation over a flat
landscape by using MrLavaLoba: The case of the 2014–2015 eruption at
Holuhraun, Iceland, Ann. Geophys., 62, VO228, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-7812, 2019.
Thorkelsson, B. (Ed.): The 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption, Iceland.
Report to ICAO – June 2012, Icelandic Meteorological Office, University of
Iceland. Institute of Earth Sciences, The National Commissioner of the
Icelandic Police, Reykjavík. IVATF 4-IP/3, 206 s, Steering and
editorial committee: Sigrún Karlsdóttir (chair), Ágúst
Gunnar Gylfason, Ármann Höskuldsson, Bryndís Brandsdóttir,
Evgenia Ilyinskaya, Magnús Tumi Guðmundsson and Þórdís
Högnadóttir, ISBN 978-9979-9975-4-2, 2012.
Vicari, A., Ganci, G., Behncke, B., Cappello, A., Neri, M., and Del Negro,
C.: Near-real-time forecasting of lava flow hazards during the 12–13
January 2011 Etna eruption, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L13317, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047545, 2011.
Wright, R., Garbeil, H., and Harris, A. J. L.: Using infrared satellite data
to drive a hermos-rheological/stochastic lava flow emplacement model: A
method for near-real-time volcanic hazard assessment, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 35, 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035228,
2008.
Short summary
The lava eruption at Fagradalsfjall in 2021 was the most visited eruption in Iceland, with thousands of visitors per day for 6 months. To address the short- and long-term danger of lava inundating infrastructure and hiking paths, we used the lava flow model MrLavaLoba before and during the eruption. These simulations helped communicate lava hazards to stakeholders and can be used as a case study for lava hazard assessment for future eruptions in the area, which are likely to be more destructive.
The lava eruption at Fagradalsfjall in 2021 was the most visited eruption in Iceland, with...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint