Articles | Volume 21, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3489-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3489-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
16 Nov 2021
Research article |
| 16 Nov 2021
| 16 Nov 2021
The Mw 7.5 Tadine (Maré, Loyalty Islands) earthquake and related tsunami of 5 December 2018: seismotectonic context and numerical modeling
ENTROPIE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 101, Promenade Roger Laroque, BP A5 98848 Nouméa CEDEX, New Caledonia
now at: GNS Sciences, 1 Fairway Drive, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
Bernard Pelletier
GEOAZUR, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 101,
Promenade Roger Laroque, BP A5 98848 Nouméa CEDEX, New Caledonia
Maxime Duphil
ENTROPIE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 101, Promenade Roger Laroque, BP A5 98848 Nouméa CEDEX, New Caledonia
Jérôme Lefèvre
ENTROPIE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 101, Promenade Roger Laroque, BP A5 98848 Nouméa CEDEX, New Caledonia
Jérôme Aucan
ENTROPIE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 101, Promenade Roger Laroque, BP A5 98848 Nouméa CEDEX, New Caledonia
Pierre Lebellegard
GEOAZUR, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 101,
Promenade Roger Laroque, BP A5 98848 Nouméa CEDEX, New Caledonia
Bruce Thomas
ENTROPIE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 101, Promenade Roger Laroque, BP A5 98848 Nouméa CEDEX, New Caledonia
LISAH, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, Montpellier,
France
Céline Bachelier
IMAGO, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 101, Promenade Roger Laroque, BP A5 98848 Nouméa CEDEX, New Caledonia
David Varillon
IMAGO, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 101, Promenade Roger Laroque, BP A5 98848 Nouméa CEDEX, New Caledonia
Related authors
Jean H. M. Roger and Bernard Pelletier
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3461–3478, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3461-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3461-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a catalogue of tsunamis that occurred in the Vanuatu Arc. It has been built based on the analysis of existing catalogues, historical documents, and sea-level data from five coastal tide gauges. Since 1863, 100 tsunamis of local, regional, or far-field origins have been listed; 15 of them show maximum wave amplitudes and/or run-up heights of above 1 m, and 8 are between 0.3 and 1 m. Details are provided for particular events, including debated events or events with no known origin(s).
Melody Philippon, Jean Roger, Jean-Frédéric Lebrun, Isabelle Thinon, Océane Foix, Stéphane Mazzotti, Marc-André Gutscher, Leny Montheil, and Jean-Jacques Cornée
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3129–3154, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3129-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using novel geophysical datasets, we reassess the slip rate of the Morne Piton fault (Lesser Antilles) at 0.2 mm yr−1 by dividing by four previous estimations and thus increasing the earthquake time recurrence and lowering the associated hazard. We evaluate a plausible magnitude for a potential seismic event of Mw 6.5 ± 0.5. Our multi-segment tsunami model representative of the worst-case scenario gives an overview of tsunami generation if all the fault segments ruptured together.
Jean Roger, Bernard Pelletier, Aditya Gusman, William Power, Xiaoming Wang, David Burbidge, and Maxime Duphil
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 393–414, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-393-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-393-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
On 10 February 2021 a magnitude 7.7 earthquake occurring at the southernmost part of the Vanuatu subduction zone triggered a regional tsunami that was recorded on many coastal gauges and DART stations of the south-west Pacific region. Beginning with a review of the tectonic setup and its implication in terms of tsunami generation in the region, this study aims to show our ability to reproduce a small tsunami with different types of rupture models and to discuss a larger magnitude 8.2 scenario.
Jean Roger, Bernard Pelletier, and Jérôme Aucan
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1471–1483, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1471-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1471-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents an update of the tsunami catalogue of New Caledonia within the framework of the tsunami hazard assessment project TSUCAL. It provides 25 events for the last decade, leading to 37 tsunamis triggered by earthquakes reported in New Caledonia since 1875. It is a topic of great concern for modelers looking for real case data to set up potential scenarios and for decision makers to constrain hazard management including evacuation processes in the case of a tsunami.
Yann Krien, Bernard Dudon, Jean Roger, Gael Arnaud, and Narcisse Zahibo
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1559–1571, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1559-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1559-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We used state-of-the-art numerical models and statistical approaches to investigate coastal flooding due to hurricanes and sea level rise for Martinique. The nonlinear interactions of surges with sea level rise are found to reach several tens of centimeters in low-lying areas where the inundation extent is strongly enhanced compared to present conditions. The results presented is this paper are of primary interest to coastal planners and decision makers in Martinique and the Lesser Antilles.
Valérie Clouard, Jean Roger, and Emmanuel Moizan
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2017-238, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2017-238, 2017
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In order to assess tsunami hazard in oceanic islands, one needs to
enlarge the observational time window by finding more evidence of past
events. Here, we present a thick two-layer tsunami deposit evidenced in an archaeological excavation in Martinique and we relate it to the 1755 Lisbon tsunami. Our results indicate a way to improve our tsunami databases and further constrain the use of numerical modelling to predict paleo-tsunami deposit thickness.
Y. Krien, B. Dudon, J. Roger, and N. Zahibo
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 1711–1720, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1711-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1711-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
New maps of hurricane-induced surge levels that can occur on average once every 100- and 1000 years are drawn for Guadeloupe Island in the French West Indies, using a high-resolution wave-current coupled model and a large set of synthetic events that are in statistical agreement with historical storms. Results are found to differ significantly from past studies in wave-exposed areas, and should be of major interest for coastal planners and decision makers in terms of risk management.
J. Roger, A. Frère, and H. Hébert
Adv. Geosci., 38, 43–53, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-38-43-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-38-43-2014, 2014
Romain Le Gendre, David Varillon, Sylvie Fiat, Régis Hocdé, Antoine De Ramon N'Yeurt, Jérôme Aucan, Sophie Cravatte, Maxime Duphil, Alexandre Ganachaud, Baptiste Gaudron, Elodie Kestenare, Vetea Liao, Bernard Pelletier, Alexandre Peltier, Anne-Lou Schaefer, Thomas Trophime, Simon Van Wynsberge, Yves Dandonneau, Michel Allenbach, and Christophe Menkes
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-394, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-394, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Due to ocean warming, coral reef ecosystems are strongly impacted with dystrophic events and corals experiencing increasing frequencies of bleaching events. In-situ observation remains the best alternative for accurate characterization of trends and extremes in these shallow environments. This paper presents the coastal temperature dataset of the ReefTEMPS monitoring network which spreads over multiple Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTS) in the Western and Central South Pacific.
Jean H. M. Roger and Bernard Pelletier
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3461–3478, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3461-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3461-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a catalogue of tsunamis that occurred in the Vanuatu Arc. It has been built based on the analysis of existing catalogues, historical documents, and sea-level data from five coastal tide gauges. Since 1863, 100 tsunamis of local, regional, or far-field origins have been listed; 15 of them show maximum wave amplitudes and/or run-up heights of above 1 m, and 8 are between 0.3 and 1 m. Details are provided for particular events, including debated events or events with no known origin(s).
Melody Philippon, Jean Roger, Jean-Frédéric Lebrun, Isabelle Thinon, Océane Foix, Stéphane Mazzotti, Marc-André Gutscher, Leny Montheil, and Jean-Jacques Cornée
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3129–3154, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3129-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using novel geophysical datasets, we reassess the slip rate of the Morne Piton fault (Lesser Antilles) at 0.2 mm yr−1 by dividing by four previous estimations and thus increasing the earthquake time recurrence and lowering the associated hazard. We evaluate a plausible magnitude for a potential seismic event of Mw 6.5 ± 0.5. Our multi-segment tsunami model representative of the worst-case scenario gives an overview of tsunami generation if all the fault segments ruptured together.
Oriane Bruyère, Romain Le Gendre, Mathilde Chauveau, Bertrand Bourgeois, David Varillon, John Butscher, Thomas Trophime, Yann Follin, Jérôme Aucan, Vetea Liao, and Serge Andréfouët
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5553–5573, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5553-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5553-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
During 2018–2022, four pearl farming Tuamotu atolls (French Polynesia) were studied with oceanographic instruments to measure lagoon hydrodynamics and ocean-lagoon water exchanges. The goal was to gain knowledge on the processes influencing the spat collection of the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera, the species used to produce black pearls. A worldwide unique oceanographic atoll data set is provided to address local pearl farming questions and other fundamental and applied investigations.
Clémence Chupin, Valérie Ballu, Laurent Testut, Yann-Treden Tranchant, and Jérôme Aucan
Ocean Sci., 19, 1277–1314, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1277-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1277-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Reducing uncertainties in coastal sea level trend estimates requires a better understanding of altimeter measurements and local sea level dynamics. Using long-term sea level time series from the Nouméa tide gauge (New Caledonia) and in situ data collected as part of the GEOCEAN-NC campaign, this study presents a method inspired from Cal/Val studies to re-analyse about 20 years of altimetry observations and re-address the question of sea level evolution in the lagoon.
Jean Roger, Bernard Pelletier, Aditya Gusman, William Power, Xiaoming Wang, David Burbidge, and Maxime Duphil
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 393–414, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-393-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-393-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
On 10 February 2021 a magnitude 7.7 earthquake occurring at the southernmost part of the Vanuatu subduction zone triggered a regional tsunami that was recorded on many coastal gauges and DART stations of the south-west Pacific region. Beginning with a review of the tectonic setup and its implication in terms of tsunami generation in the region, this study aims to show our ability to reproduce a small tsunami with different types of rupture models and to discuss a larger magnitude 8.2 scenario.
Oriane Bruyère, Benoit Soulard, Hugues Lemonnier, Thierry Laugier, Morgane Hubert, Sébastien Petton, Térence Desclaux, Simon Van Wynsberge, Eric Le Tesson, Jérôme Lefèvre, Franck Dumas, Jean-François Kayara, Emmanuel Bourassin, Noémie Lalau, Florence Antypas, and Romain Le Gendre
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5439–5462, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5439-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5439-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
From 2014 to 2021, extensive monitoring of hydrodynamics was deployed within five contrasted lagoons of New Caledonia during austral summers. These coastal physical observations encompassed unmonitored lagoons and captured eight major atmospheric events ranging from tropical depression to category 4 cyclone. The main objectives were to characterize the processes controlling hydrodynamics of these lagoons and record the signature of extreme events on land–lagoon–ocean continuum functioning.
Jean Roger, Bernard Pelletier, and Jérôme Aucan
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1471–1483, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1471-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1471-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents an update of the tsunami catalogue of New Caledonia within the framework of the tsunami hazard assessment project TSUCAL. It provides 25 events for the last decade, leading to 37 tsunamis triggered by earthquakes reported in New Caledonia since 1875. It is a topic of great concern for modelers looking for real case data to set up potential scenarios and for decision makers to constrain hazard management including evacuation processes in the case of a tsunami.
Guillaume Rousset, Florian De Boissieu, Christophe E. Menkes, Jérôme Lefèvre, Robert Frouin, Martine Rodier, Vincent Ridoux, Sophie Laran, Sophie Bonnet, and Cécile Dupouy
Biogeosciences, 15, 5203–5219, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5203-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5203-2018, 2018
Yann Krien, Bernard Dudon, Jean Roger, Gael Arnaud, and Narcisse Zahibo
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1559–1571, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1559-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1559-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We used state-of-the-art numerical models and statistical approaches to investigate coastal flooding due to hurricanes and sea level rise for Martinique. The nonlinear interactions of surges with sea level rise are found to reach several tens of centimeters in low-lying areas where the inundation extent is strongly enhanced compared to present conditions. The results presented is this paper are of primary interest to coastal planners and decision makers in Martinique and the Lesser Antilles.
Valérie Clouard, Jean Roger, and Emmanuel Moizan
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2017-238, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2017-238, 2017
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In order to assess tsunami hazard in oceanic islands, one needs to
enlarge the observational time window by finding more evidence of past
events. Here, we present a thick two-layer tsunami deposit evidenced in an archaeological excavation in Martinique and we relate it to the 1755 Lisbon tsunami. Our results indicate a way to improve our tsunami databases and further constrain the use of numerical modelling to predict paleo-tsunami deposit thickness.
Rosemary Morrow, Alice Carret, Florence Birol, Fernando Nino, Guillaume Valladeau, Francois Boy, Celine Bachelier, and Bruno Zakardjian
Ocean Sci., 13, 13–29, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-13-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-13-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Spectral analyses of along-track altimetric data are used to estimate noise levels and observable ocean scales in the NW Mediterranean Sea. In winter, all altimetric missions can observe wavelengths down to 40–50 km (individual feature diameters of 20–25 km). In summer, SARAL can detect scales down to 35 km, whereas Jason-2 and CryoSat-2 with higher noise can only observe scales less than 50–55 km. Along-track altimeter data are also compared with collocated glider and coastal HF radar data.
Y. Krien, B. Dudon, J. Roger, and N. Zahibo
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 1711–1720, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1711-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1711-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
New maps of hurricane-induced surge levels that can occur on average once every 100- and 1000 years are drawn for Guadeloupe Island in the French West Indies, using a high-resolution wave-current coupled model and a large set of synthetic events that are in statistical agreement with historical storms. Results are found to differ significantly from past studies in wave-exposed areas, and should be of major interest for coastal planners and decision makers in terms of risk management.
J. Roger, A. Frère, and H. Hébert
Adv. Geosci., 38, 43–53, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-38-43-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-38-43-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Sea, Ocean and Coastal Hazards
Untangling the waves: decomposing extreme sea levels in a non-tidal basin, the Baltic Sea
Accelerating compound flood risk assessments through active learning: A case study of Charleston County (USA)
Tsunami detection methods for ocean-bottom pressure gauges
Using random forests to forecast daily extreme sea level occurrences at the Baltic Coast
Probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis of Batukaras, a tourism village in Indonesia
Review article: A comprehensive review of compound flooding literature with a focus on coastal and estuarine regions
Validated probabilistic approach to estimate flood direct impacts on the population and assets on European coastlines
Changing sea level, changing shorelines: integration of remote-sensing observations at the Terschelling barrier island
Regional modelling of extreme sea levels induced by hurricanes
New insights into combined surfzone, embayment, and estuarine bathing hazards
Dynamic projections of extreme sea levels for western Europe based on ocean and wind-wave modelling
Brief communication: From modelling to reality – flood modelling gaps highlighted by a recent severe storm surge event along the German Baltic Sea coast
Super Typhoons Mangkhut (2018) and Saola (2023) during landfall: comparison and insights for wind engineering practice
Inundation and evacuation of shoreline populations during landslide-triggered tsunamis: an integrated numerical and statistical hazard assessment
Rapid simulation of wave runup on morphologically diverse, reef-lined coasts with the BEWARE-2 (Broad-range Estimator of Wave Attack in Reef Environments) meta-process model
Development of a wind-based storm surge model for the German Bight
A brief history of tsunamis in the Vanuatu Arc
Tsunami inundation and vulnerability analysis on the Makran coast, Pakistan
Influence of data source and copula statistics on estimates of compound flood extremes in a river mouth environment
Volcano tsunamis and their effects on moored vessel safety: the 2022 Tonga event
Recent Baltic Sea Storm Surge Events From A Climate Perspective
Modelling tsunami initial conditions due to rapid coseismic seafloor displacement: efficient numerical integration and a tool to build unit source databases
Estuarine hurricane wind can intensify surge-dominated extreme water level in shallow and converging coastal systems
Revisiting regression methods for estimating long-term trends in sea surface temperature
Global application of a regional frequency analysis to extreme sea levels
Tsunami hazard assessment in the South China Sea based on geodetic locking of the Manila subduction zone
The impact of long-term changes in ocean waves and storm surge on coastal shoreline change: a case study of Bass Strait and south-east Australia
Brief communication: Implications of outstanding solitons for the occurrence of rogue waves at two additional sites in the North Sea
A systemic and comprehensive assessment of coastal hazard changes: method and application to France and its overseas territories
Simulating sea level extremes from synthetic low-pressure systems
Nonlinear processes in tsunami simulations for the Peruvian coast with focus on Lima and Callao
Advancing nearshore and onshore tsunami hazard approximation with machine learning surrogates
The potential of global coastal flood risk reduction using various DRR measures
Thresholds for estuarine compound flooding using a combined hydrodynamic–statistical modelling approach
Nearshore tsunami amplitudes across the Maldives archipelago due to worst-case seismic scenarios in the Indian Ocean
Evidence of Middle Holocene landslide-generated tsunamis recorded in lake sediments from Saqqaq, West Greenland
Investigation of historical severe storms and storm tides in the German Bight with century reanalysis data
Proposal for a new meteotsunami intensity index
Total water levels along the South Atlantic Bight during three along-shelf propagating tropical cyclones: relative contributions of storm surge and wave runup
Hurricane Irma: an unprecedented event over the last 3700 years? Geomorphological changes and sedimentological record in Codrington Lagoon, Barbuda
Bayesian extreme value analysis of extreme sea levels along the German Baltic coast using historical information
Storm characteristics influence nitrogen removal in an urban estuarine environment
A new European coastal flood database for low–medium intensity events
Boulder transport and wave height of a seventeenth-century South China Sea tsunami on Penghu Islands, Taiwan
A wave-resolving modeling study of rip current variability, rip hazard, and swimmer escape strategies on an embayed beach
Human displacements from Tropical Cyclone Idai attributable to climate change
Three decades of coastal subsidence in the slow-moving Nice Côte d'Azur Airport area (France) revealed by InSAR (interferometric synthetic-aperture radar): insights into the deformation mechanism
Modelling extreme water levels using intertidal topography and bathymetry derived from multispectral satellite images
Regional assessment of extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding along the German Baltic Sea coast
Joint probability analysis of storm surges and waves caused by tropical cyclones for the estimation of protection standard: a case study on the eastern coast of the Leizhou Peninsula and the island of Hainan in China
Marvin Lorenz, Katri Viigand, and Ulf Gräwe
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1439–1458, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1439-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1439-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study divides the sea level components that contribute to extreme sea levels in the Baltic Sea into three parts: the filling state of the Baltic Sea, seiches, and storm surges. In the western part of the Baltic Sea, storm surges are the main factor, while in the central and northern parts, the filling state plays a larger role. Using a numerical model, we show that wind and air pressure are the main drivers of these events, with Atlantic sea level also playing a small role.
Lucas Terlinden-Ruhl, Anaïs Couasnon, Dirk Eilander, Gijs G. Hendrickx, Patricia Mares-Nasarre, and José A. Á. Antolínez
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1353–1375, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1353-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1353-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study develops a conceptual framework that uses active learning to accelerate compound flood risk assessments. A case study of Charleston County shows that the framework achieves faster and more accurate risk quantification compared to the state-of-the-art. This win–win allows for an increase in the number of flooding parameters, which results in an 11.6 % difference in the expected annual damages. Therefore, this framework allows for more comprehensive compound flood risk assessments.
Cesare Angeli, Alberto Armigliato, Martina Zanetti, Filippo Zaniboni, Fabrizio Romano, Hafize Başak Bayraktar, and Stefano Lorito
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1169–1185, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1169-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1169-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
To issue precise and timely tsunami alerts, detecting the propagating tsunami is fundamental. The most used instruments are pressure sensors positioned at the ocean bottom, called ocean-bottom pressure gauges (OBPGs). In this work, we study four different techniques that allow us to recognize a tsunami as soon as it is recorded by an OBPG and a methodology to calibrate them. The techniques are compared in terms of their ability to detect and characterize the tsunami wave in real time.
Kai Bellinghausen, Birgit Hünicke, and Eduardo Zorita
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1139–1162, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1139-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1139-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We designed a tool to predict the storm surges at the Baltic Sea coast with satisfactory predictability (80 % correct predictions), using lead times of a few days. The proportion of false warnings is typically as low as 10 % to 20 %. We were able to identify the relevant predictor regions and their patterns – such as low-pressure systems and strong winds. Due to its short computing time, the method can be used as a pre-warning system to trigger the application of more sophisticated algorithms.
Wiwin Windupranata, Muhammad Wahyu Al Ghifari, Candida Aulia De Silva Nusantara, Marsyanisa Shafa, Intan Hayatiningsih, Iyan Eka Mulia, and Alqinthara Nuraghnia
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1057–1069, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1057-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1057-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Batukaras is a village on the southern coast of Java that is prone to tsunami hazards. To assess the potential tsunami hazard in the area, the probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis method was employed. It resulted in tsunami heights of 0.84, 1.63, 2.97, and 5.7 m for each earthquake return period of 250, 500, 1000, and 2500 years, respectively. The largest contribution of earthquake sources comes from the West Java–Central Java megathrust segment.
Joshua Green, Ivan D. Haigh, Niall Quinn, Jeff Neal, Thomas Wahl, Melissa Wood, Dirk Eilander, Marleen de Ruiter, Philip Ward, and Paula Camus
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 747–816, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-747-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-747-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Compound flooding, involving the combination or successive occurrence of two or more flood drivers, can amplify flood impacts in coastal/estuarine regions. This paper reviews the practices, trends, methodologies, applications, and findings of coastal compound flooding literature at regional to global scales. We explore the types of compound flood events, their mechanistic processes, and the range of terminology. Lastly, this review highlights knowledge gaps and implications for future practices.
Enrico Duo, Juan Montes, Marine Le Gal, Tomás Fernández-Montblanc, Paolo Ciavola, and Clara Armaroli
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 13–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-13-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-13-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The present work, developed within the EU H2020 European Coastal Flood Awareness System (ECFAS) project, presents an approach used to estimate direct impacts of coastal flood on population, buildings, and roads along European coasts. The findings demonstrate that the ECFAS impact approach offers valuable estimates for affected populations, reliable damage assessments for buildings and roads, and improved accuracy compared to traditional grid-based approaches.
Benedikt Aschenneller, Roelof Rietbroek, and Daphne van der Wal
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4145–4177, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4145-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4145-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Shorelines retreat or advance in response to sea level changes, subsidence or uplift of the ground, and morphological processes (sedimentation and erosion). We show that the geometrical influence of each of these drivers on shoreline movements can be quantified by combining different remote sensing observations, including radar altimetry, lidar and optical satellite images. The focus here is to illustrate the uncertainties of these observations by comparing datasets that cover similar processes.
Alisée A. Chaigneau, Melisa Menéndez, Marta Ramírez-Pérez, and Alexandra Toimil
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4109–4131, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4109-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4109-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical cyclones drive extreme sea levels, causing large storm surges due to low atmospheric pressure and strong winds. This study explores factors affecting the numerical modelling of storm surges induced by hurricanes in the tropical Atlantic. Two ocean models are compared and used for sensitivity experiments. ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis forcing generally improves surge estimates compared to parametric wind models. Including ocean circulations reduces errors in surge estimates in some areas.
Christopher Stokes, Timothy Poate, Gerd Masselink, Tim Scott, and Steve Instance
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4049–4074, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4049-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4049-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Currents at beaches with an estuary mouth have rarely been studied before. Using field measurements and computer modelling, we show that surfzone currents can be driven by both estuary flow and rip currents. We show that an estuary mouth beach can have flows reaching 1.5 m s−1 and have a high likelihood of taking bathers out of the surfzone. The river channels on the beach direct the flows, and even though they change position over time, it was possible to predict when peak hazards would occur.
Alisée A. Chaigneau, Angélique Melet, Aurore Voldoire, Maialen Irazoqui Apecechea, Guillaume Reffray, Stéphane Law-Chune, and Lotfi Aouf
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4031–4048, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4031-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4031-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climate-change-induced sea level rise increases the frequency of extreme sea levels. We analyze projected changes in extreme sea levels for western European coasts produced with high-resolution models (∼ 6 km). Unlike commonly used coarse-scale global climate models, this approach allows us to simulate key processes driving coastal sea level variations, such as long-term sea level rise, tides, storm surges induced by low atmospheric surface pressure and winds, waves, and their interactions.
Joshua Kiesel, Claudia Wolff, and Marvin Lorenz
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3841–3849, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3841-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3841-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In October 2023, one of the strongest storm surges on record hit the southwestern Baltic Sea coast, causing severe impacts in the German federal state of Schleswig-Holstein, including dike failures. Recent studies on coastal flooding from the same region align well with the October 2023 surge, with differences in peak water levels of less than 30 cm. This rare coincidence is used to assess current capabilities and limitations of coastal flood modelling and derive key areas for future research.
Yujie Liu, Yuncheng He, Pakwai Chan, Aiming Liu, and Qijun Gao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3223, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3223, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Offshore wind turbines are sensitive to tropical cyclones (TCs). Wind data from Super Typhoons Mangkhut and Saola, impacting South China, are vital for design and operation. Despite Saola's higher intensity, it caused less damage. Both had concentric eyewall structures, but Saola completed an eyewall replacement before landfall, becoming more compact. Mangkhut decayed but affected a wider area. Their wind characteristics provide insights for turbine maintenance and operation.
Emmie Malika Bonilauri, Catherine Aaron, Matteo Cerminara, Raphaël Paris, Tomaso Esposti Ongaro, Benedetta Calusi, Domenico Mangione, and Andrew John Lang Harris
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3789–3813, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3789-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3789-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Currently on the island of Stromboli, only 4 min of warning time is available for a locally generated tsunami. We combined tsunami simulations and human exposure to complete a risk analysis. We linked the predicted inundation area and the tsunami warning signals to assess the hazard posed by future tsunamis and to design escape routes to reach safe areas and to optimise evacuation times. Such products can be used by civil protection agencies on Stromboli.
Robert McCall, Curt Storlazzi, Floortje Roelvink, Stuart G. Pearson, Roel de Goede, and José A. Á. Antolínez
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3597–3625, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3597-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3597-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate predictions of wave-driven flooding are essential to manage risk on low-lying, reef-lined coasts. Models to provide this information are, however, computationally expensive. We present and validate a modeling system that simulates flood drivers on diverse and complex reef-lined coasts as competently as a full-physics model but at a fraction of the computational cost to run. This development paves the way for application in large-scale early-warning systems and flood risk assessments.
Laura Schaffer, Andreas Boesch, Johanna Baehr, and Tim Kruschke
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3144, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3144, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a simple yet effective model to predict storm surges in the German Bight, using wind data and a multiple linear regression approach. Trained on historical data from 1959 to 2022, our storm surge model demonstrates high predictive skill and performs as well as more complex models, despite its simplicity. It can predict both moderate and extreme storm surges, making it a valuable tool for future climate change studies.
Jean H. M. Roger and Bernard Pelletier
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3461–3478, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3461-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3461-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a catalogue of tsunamis that occurred in the Vanuatu Arc. It has been built based on the analysis of existing catalogues, historical documents, and sea-level data from five coastal tide gauges. Since 1863, 100 tsunamis of local, regional, or far-field origins have been listed; 15 of them show maximum wave amplitudes and/or run-up heights of above 1 m, and 8 are between 0.3 and 1 m. Details are provided for particular events, including debated events or events with no known origin(s).
Rashid Haider, Sajid Ali, Gösta Hoffmann, and Klaus Reicherter
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3279–3290, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3279-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3279-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The coastlines bordering the Arabian Sea have yielded various tsunamites reflecting its high hazard potential and recurrences. My PhD project aims at the estimation and zonation of the hazards and risks associated with. This publication is a continuation of the previous publication (Haider et al., 2023), which focused on hazard estimation through a multi-proxy approach. This part of the study estimates the risk potential through integrated tsunami inundation analysis.
Kévin Dubois, Morten Andreas Dahl Larsen, Martin Drews, Erik Nilsson, and Anna Rutgersson
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3245–3265, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3245-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3245-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Both extreme river discharge and storm surges can interact at the coast and lead to flooding. However, it is difficult to predict flood levels during such compound events because they are rare and complex. Here, we focus on the quantification of uncertainties and investigate the sources of limitations while carrying out such analyses at Halmstad, Sweden. Based on a sensitivity analysis, we emphasize that both the choice of data source and statistical methodology influence the results.
Sergio Padilla, Íñigo Aniel-Quiroga, Rachid Omira, Mauricio González, Jihwan Kim, and Maria A. Baptista
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3095–3113, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3095-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3095-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The eruption of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai volcano in January 2022 triggered a global phenomenon, including an atmospheric wave and a volcano-meteorological tsunami (VMT). The tsunami, reaching as far as Callao, Peru, 10 000 km away, caused significant coastal impacts. This study delves into understanding these effects, particularly on vessel mooring safety. The findings underscore the importance of enhancing early warning systems and preparing port authorities for managing such rare events.
Nikolaus Groll, Lidia Gaslikova, and Ralf Weisse
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2664, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2664, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In recent years, the western Baltic Sea has experienced severe storm surges. By analysing the individual contributions and the total water level, these events can be put into a climate perspective. It was found that individual contributions were not exceptional in all events and no clear trend can be identified, often the combination of the individual contributions leads to the extreme events of recent years. This points to the importance of analysing composite events.
Alice Abbate, José M. González Vida, Manuel J. Castro Díaz, Fabrizio Romano, Hafize Başak Bayraktar, Andrey Babeyko, and Stefano Lorito
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2773–2791, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2773-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2773-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Modelling tsunami generation due to a rapid submarine earthquake is a complex problem. Under a variety of realistic conditions in a subduction zone, we propose and test an efficient solution to this problem: a tool that can compute the generation of any potential tsunami in any ocean in the world. In the future, we will explore solutions that would also allow us to model tsunami generation by slower (time-dependent) seafloor displacement.
Mithun Deb, James J. Benedict, Ning Sun, Zhaoqing Yang, Robert D. Hetland, David Judi, and Taiping Wang
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2461–2479, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2461-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2461-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We coupled earth system, hydrology, and hydrodynamic models to generate plausible and physically consistent ensembles of hurricane events and their associated water levels from the open coast to tidal rivers of Delaware Bay and River. Our results show that the hurricane landfall locations and the estuarine wind can significantly amplify the extreme surge in a shallow and converging system, especially when the wind direction aligns with the surge propagation direction.
Ming-Huei Chang, Yen-Chen Huang, Yu-Hsin Cheng, Chuen-Teyr Terng, Jinyi Chen, and Jyh Cherng Jan
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2481–2494, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2481-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2481-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring the long-term trends in sea surface warming is crucial for informed decision-making and adaptation. This study offers a comprehensive examination of prevalent trend extraction methods. We identify the least-squares regression as suitable for general tasks yet highlight the need to address seasonal signal-induced bias, i.e., the phase–distance imbalance. Our developed method, evaluated using simulated and real data, is unbiased and better than the conventional SST anomaly method.
Thomas P. Collings, Niall D. Quinn, Ivan D. Haigh, Joshua Green, Izzy Probyn, Hamish Wilkinson, Sanne Muis, William V. Sweet, and Paul D. Bates
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2403–2423, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2403-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2403-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal areas are at risk of flooding from rising sea levels and extreme weather events. This study applies a new approach to estimating the likelihood of coastal flooding around the world. The method uses data from observations and computer models to create a detailed map of where these coastal floods might occur. The approach can predict flooding in areas for which there are few or no data available. The results can be used to help prepare for and prevent this type of flooding.
Guangsheng Zhao and Xiaojing Niu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2303–2313, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2303-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2303-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The purpose of this study is to estimate the spatial distribution of the tsunami hazard in the South China Sea from the Manila subduction zone. The plate motion data are used to invert the degree of locking on the fault plane. The degree of locking is used to estimate the maximum possible magnitude of earthquakes and describe the slip distribution. A spatial distribution map of the 1000-year return period tsunami wave height in the South China Sea was obtained by tsunami hazard assessment.
Mandana Ghanavati, Ian R. Young, Ebru Kirezci, and Jin Liu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2175–2190, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2175-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2175-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The paper examines the changes in shoreline position of the coast of south-east Australia over a 26-year period to determine whether changes are consistent with observed changes in ocean wave and storm surge climate. The results show that in regions where there have been significant changes in wave energy flux or wave direction, there have also been changes in shoreline position consistent with non-equilibrium longshore drift.
Ina Teutsch, Ralf Weisse, and Sander Wahls
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2065–2069, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2065-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2065-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate buoy and radar measurement data from shallow depths in the southern North Sea. We analyze the role of solitons for the occurrence of rogue waves. This is done by computing the nonlinear soliton spectrum of each time series. In a previous study that considered a single measurement site, we found a connection between the shape of the soliton spectrum and the occurrence of rogue waves. In this study, results for two additional sites are reported.
Marc Igigabel, Marissa Yates, Michalis Vousdoukas, and Youssef Diab
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1951–1974, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1951-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1951-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in sea levels alone do not determine the evolution of coastal hazards. Coastal hazard changes should be assessed using additional factors describing geomorphological configurations, metocean event types (storms, cyclones, long swells, and tsunamis), and the marine environment (e.g., coral reef state and sea ice extent). The assessment completed here, at regional scale including the coasts of mainland and overseas France, highlights significant differences in hazard changes.
Jani Särkkä, Jani Räihä, Mika Rantanen, and Matti Kämäräinen
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1835–1842, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1835-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1835-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We study the relationship between tracks of low-pressure systems and related sea level extremes. We perform the studies by introducing a method to simulate sea levels using synthetic low-pressure systems. We test the method using sites located along the Baltic Sea coast. We find high extremes, where the sea level extreme reaches up to 3.5 m. In addition, we add the maximal value of the mean level of the Baltic Sea (1 m), leading to a sea level of 4.5 m.
Alexey Androsov, Sven Harig, Natalia Zamora, Kim Knauer, and Natalja Rakowsky
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1635–1656, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1635-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1635-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Two numerical codes are used in a comparative analysis of the calculation of the tsunami wave due to an earthquake along the Peruvian coast. The comparison primarily evaluates the flow velocity fields in flooded areas. The relative importance of the various parts of the equations is determined, focusing on the nonlinear terms. The influence of the nonlinearity on the degree and volume of flooding, flow velocity, and small-scale fluctuations is determined.
Naveen Ragu Ramalingam, Kendra Johnson, Marco Pagani, and Mario Martina
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-72, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-72, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
By combining limited tsunami simulations with a machine learning, we developed a fast and efficient framework to predict tsunami impacts such as wave heights and inundation depths along different coastal regions. Testing our model with historical tsunami source scenarios helped assess its reliability and broad applicability. This work enables more efficient and comprehensive tsunami hazard modelling workflow, essential for tsunami risk evaluations and enhancing coastal disaster preparedness.
Eric Mortensen, Timothy Tiggeloven, Toon Haer, Bas van Bemmel, Dewi Le Bars, Sanne Muis, Dirk Eilander, Frederiek Sperna Weiland, Arno Bouwman, Willem Ligtvoet, and Philip J. Ward
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1381–1400, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1381-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1381-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Current levels of coastal flood risk are projected to increase in coming decades due to various reasons, e.g. sea-level rise, land subsidence, and coastal urbanization: action is needed to minimize this future risk. We evaluate dykes and coastal levees, foreshore vegetation, zoning restrictions, and dry-proofing on a global scale to estimate what levels of risk reductions are possible. We demonstrate that there are several potential adaptation pathways forward for certain areas of the world.
Charlotte Lyddon, Nguyen Chien, Grigorios Vasilopoulos, Michael Ridgill, Sogol Moradian, Agnieszka Olbert, Thomas Coulthard, Andrew Barkwith, and Peter Robins
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 973–997, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-973-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-973-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Recent storms in the UK, like Storm Ciara in 2020, show how vulnerable estuaries are to the combined effect of sea level and river discharge. We show the combinations of sea levels and river discharges that cause flooding in the Conwy estuary, N Wales. The results showed flooding was amplified under moderate conditions in the middle estuary and elsewhere sea state or river flow dominated the hazard. Combined sea and river thresholds can improve prediction and early warning of compound flooding.
Shuaib Rasheed, Simon C. Warder, Yves Plancherel, and Matthew D. Piggott
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 737–755, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-737-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-737-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here we use a high-resolution bathymetry dataset of the Maldives archipelago, as well as corresponding high numerical model resolution, to carry out a scenario-based tsunami hazard assessment for the entire Maldives archipelago to investigate the potential impact of plausible far-field tsunamis across the Indian Ocean at the island scale. The results indicate that several factors contribute to mitigating and amplifying tsunami waves at the island scale.
Niels J. Korsgaard, Kristian Svennevig, Anne S. Søndergaard, Gregor Luetzenburg, Mimmi Oksman, and Nicolaj K. Larsen
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 757–772, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-757-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-757-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A tsunami wave will leave evidence of erosion and deposition in coastal lakes, making it possible to determine the runup height and when it occurred. Here, we use four lakes now located at elevations of 19–91 m a.s.l. close to the settlement of Saqqaq, West Greenland, to show that at least two giant tsunamis occurred 7300–7600 years ago with runup heights larger than 40 m. We infer that any tsunamis from at least nine giga-scale landslides must have happened 8500–10 000 years ago.
Elke Magda Inge Meyer and Lidia Gaslikova
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 481–499, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-481-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-481-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Storm tides for eight extreme historical storms in the German Bight are modelled using sets of slightly varying atmospheric conditions from the century reanalyses. Comparisons with the water level observations from the gauges Norderney, Cuxhaven and Husum show that single members of the reanalyses are suitable for the reconstruction of extreme storms. Storms with more northerly tracks show less variability within a set and have more potential for accurate reconstruction of extreme water levels.
Clare Lewis, Tim Smyth, Jess Neumann, and Hannah Cloke
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 121–131, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Meteotsunami are the result of atmospheric disturbances and can impact coastlines causing injury, loss of life, and damage to assets. This paper introduces a novel intensity index to allow for the quantification of these events at the shoreline. This has the potential to assist in the field of natural hazard assessment. It was trialled in the UK but designed for global applicability and to become a widely accepted standard in coastal planning, meteotsunami forecasting, and early warning systems.
Chu-En Hsu, Katherine A. Serafin, Xiao Yu, Christie A. Hegermiller, John C. Warner, and Maitane Olabarrieta
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3895–3912, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3895-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3895-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Total water levels (TWLs) induced by tropical cyclones (TCs) are among the leading hazards faced by coastal communities. Using numerical models, we examined how TWL components (surge and wave runup) along the South Atlantic Bight varied during hurricanes Matthew (2016), Dorian (2019), and Isaias (2020). Peak surge and peak wave runup were dominated by wind speeds and relative positions to TCs. The exceedance time of TWLs was controlled by normalized distances to TC and TC translation speeds.
Maude Biguenet, Eric Chaumillon, Pierre Sabatier, Antoine Bastien, Emeline Geba, Fabien Arnaud, Thibault Coulombier, and Nathalie Feuillet
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3761–3788, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3761-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3761-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work documents the impact of Hurricane Irma (2017) on the Codrington barrier and lagoon on Barbuda Island. Irma caused two wide breaches in the sandy barrier, which remained unopened for 250 years. The thick and extensive sand sheet at the top of the lagoon fill was attributed to Irma. This unique deposit in a 3700-year record confirms Irma's exceptional character. This case study illustrates the consequences of high-intensity hurricanes in low-lying islands in a global warming context.
Leigh Richard MacPherson, Arne Arns, Svenja Fischer, Fernando Javier Méndez, and Jürgen Jensen
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3685–3701, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3685-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3685-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Efficient adaptation planning for coastal flooding caused by extreme sea levels requires accurate assessments of the underlying hazard. Tide-gauge data alone are often insufficient for providing the desired accuracy but may be supplemented with historical information. We estimate extreme sea levels along the German Baltic coast and show that relying solely on tide-gauge data leads to underestimations. Incorporating historical information leads to improved estimates with reduced uncertainties.
Anne Margaret H. Smiley, Suzanne P. Thompson, Nathan S. Hall, and Michael F. Piehler
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3635–3649, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3635-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3635-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Floodwaters can deliver reactive nitrogen to sensitive aquatic systems and diminish water quality. We assessed the nitrogen removal capabilities of flooded habitats and urban landscapes. Differences in processing rates across land cover treatments and between nutrient treatments suggest that abundance and spatial distributions of habitats, as well as storm characteristics, influence landscape-scale nitrogen removal. Results have important implications for coastal development and climate change.
Marine Le Gal, Tomás Fernández-Montblanc, Enrico Duo, Juan Montes Perez, Paulo Cabrita, Paola Souto Ceccon, Véra Gastal, Paolo Ciavola, and Clara Armaroli
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3585–3602, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3585-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3585-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Assessing coastal hazards is crucial to mitigate flooding disasters. In this regard, coastal flood databases are valuable tools. This paper describes a new coastal flood map catalogue covering the entire European coastline, as well as the methodology to build it and its accuracy. The catalogue focuses on frequent extreme events and relies on synthetic scenarios estimated from local storm conditions. Flood-prone areas and regions sensitive to storm duration and water level peak were identified.
Neng-Ti Yu, Cheng-Hao Lu, I-Chin Yen, Jia-Hong Chen, Jiun-Yee Yen, and Shyh-Jeng Chyi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3525–3542, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3525-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3525-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A paleotsunami deposit of cliff-top basalt debris was identified on the Penghu Islands in the southern Taiwan Strait and related to the 1661 earthquake in southwest Taiwan. A minimum wave height of 3.2 m is estimated to have rotated the biggest boulder for over 30 m landwards onto the cliff top at 2.5 m a.s.l. The event must have been huge compared to the 1994 M 6.4 earthquake with the ensuing 0.4 m high tsunami in the same area, validating the intimidating tsunami risks in the South China Sea.
Ye Yuan, Huaiwei Yang, Fujiang Yu, Yi Gao, Benxia Li, and Chuang Xing
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3487–3507, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3487-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3487-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Rip currents are narrow jets of offshore-directed flow that originated in the surf zone, which can take swimmers of all ability levels into deeper water unawares. In this study, a 1 m fine-resolution wave-resolving model was configured to study rip current variability and the optimal swimmer escape strategies. Multiple factors contribute to the survival of swimmers. However, for weak-to-moderate rip and longshore currents, swimming onshore consistently seems to be the most successful strategy.
Benedikt Mester, Thomas Vogt, Seth Bryant, Christian Otto, Katja Frieler, and Jacob Schewe
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3467–3485, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3467-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3467-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In 2019, Cyclone Idai displaced more than 478 000 people in Mozambique. In our study, we use coastal flood modeling and satellite imagery to construct a counterfactual cyclone event without the effects of climate change. We show that 12 600–14 900 displacements can be attributed to sea level rise and the intensification of storm wind speeds due to global warming. Our impact attribution study is the first one on human displacement and one of very few for a low-income country.
Olivier Cavalié, Frédéric Cappa, and Béatrice Pinel-Puysségur
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3235–3246, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3235-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3235-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal areas are fragile ecosystems that face multiple hazards. In this study, we measured the downward motion of the Nice Côte d'Azur Airport (France) that was built on reclaimed area and found that it has subsided from 16 mm yr-1 in the 1990s to 8 mm yr-1 today. A continuous remote monitoring of the platform will provide key data for a detailed investigation of future subsidence maps, and this contribution will help to evaluate the potential failure of part of the airport platform.
Wagner L. L. Costa, Karin R. Bryan, and Giovanni Coco
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3125–3146, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3125-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3125-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
For predicting flooding events at the coast, topo-bathymetric data are essential. However, elevation data can be unavailable. To tackle this issue, recent efforts have centred on the use of satellite-derived topography (SDT) and bathymetry (SDB). This work is aimed at evaluating their accuracy and use for flooding prediction in enclosed estuaries. Results show that the use of SDT and SDB in numerical modelling can produce similar predictions when compared to the surveyed elevation data.
Joshua Kiesel, Marvin Lorenz, Marcel König, Ulf Gräwe, and Athanasios T. Vafeidis
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2961–2985, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2961-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2961-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Among the Baltic Sea littoral states, Germany is anticipated to experience considerable damage as a result of increased coastal flooding due to sea-level rise (SLR). Here we apply a new modelling framework to simulate how flooding along the German Baltic Sea coast may change until 2100 if dikes are not upgraded. We find that the study region is highly exposed to flooding, and we emphasise the importance of current plans to update coastal protection in the future.
Zhang Haixia, Cheng Meng, and Fang Weihua
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2697–2717, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2697-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2697-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Simultaneous storm surge and waves can cause great damage due to cascading effects. Quantitative joint probability analysis is critical to determine their optimal protection design values. The joint probability of the surge and wave for the eastern coasts of Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan are estimated with a Gumbel copula based on 62 years of numerically simulated data, and the optimal design values under various joint return periods are derived using the non-linear programming method.
Cited articles
Aranguiz, R.: Tsunami resonance in the Bay of Conception (Chile) and the
effect of future events, in: Handbook of Coastal Disaster Mitigation for Engineers and Planners, edited by: Esteban, M., Takagi, H., and Shibayama, T., Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, 93–113, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801060-0.00006-X, 2015.
Aranguiz, R., Catalan, P. A., Cecioni, C., Bellotti, G., Henriquez, P., and
Gonzalez, J.: Tsunami resonance and spatial pattern of natural oscillation
modes with multiple resonators, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 124, 7797–7816, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015206, 2019.
Barua, D. K., Allyn, N. F., and Quick, M. C.: Modelling tsunami and resonance
response of Alberni Inlet, British Columbia, Coast. Eng., 5, 1590–1602, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812709554_0135, 2006.
Bellotti, G., Briganti, R., and Beltrami, G. M.: The combined role of bay and
shelf modes in tsunami amplification along the coast, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 117, C08027, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JC008061, 2012.
Blaser, L., Krüger, F., Ohrnberger, M., and Scherbaum, F.: Scaling relations of earthquake source parameter estimates with special focus on subduction environment, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 100, 2914–2926, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120100111, 2010.
Burbidge, D., Mueller, C., and Power, W.: The effect of uncertainty in
earthquake fault parameters on the maximum wave height from a tsunami
propagation model, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2299–2312, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2299-2015, 2015.
Calmant, S., Pelletier, B., Bevis, M., Taylor, F., Lebellegard, P., and Phillips, D.: New insights on the tectonics of the New Hebrides subduction zone based on GPS results, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2319–2340, 2003.
Candy, A. S. and Pietrzak, J. D.: Shingle 2.0: generalising self-consistent
and automated domain discretisation for multi-scale geophysical models,
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 213–234, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-213-2018, 2018.
CCRM: SCHISM, available at: http://ccrm.vims.edu/schismweb/, last access: 11 November 2021.
Daniel, J., Collot, J. Y., Monzier, M., Pelletier, B., Butscher, J., Deplus, C., Dubois, J., Gerard, M., Maillet, P., Monjaret, M. C., Recy, J., Renard, V., Rigolot, P., and Temakon, S. J.: Subduction et collision le long de l'arc des Nouvelles-Hébrides (Vanuatu): résultats préliminaires de la
campagne SEAPSO (leg I), C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 303, 805–810, 1986.
Dziewonski, A. M., Chou, T.-A., and Woodhouse, J. H.: Determination of
earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of global and
regional seismicity, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 2825–2852, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB04p02825, 1981.
Ekström, G., Nettles, M., and Dziewonski, A. M.: The global CMT project 2004–2010: Centroid-moment tensors for 13,017 earthquakes, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 200–201, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2012.04.002, 2012.
Flather, R. A.: A tidal model of Northeast Pacific, Atmos.-Ocean, 25, 22–45, 1987.
Ford, M., Becker, J. M., Merrifield, M. A., and Song, T.: Marshall Islands
fringing reef and atoll lagoon observations of the Tohoku tsunami, Pure Appl. Geophys., 171, 3351–3363, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-013-0757-8, 2014.
Global CMT: Introduction and Explanation, available at: https://www.globalcmt.org, last access: 11 November 2021.
Harig, S., Chaeroni, C., Pranowo, W. S., and Behrens, J.: Tsunami simulations on several scales, Ocean Dynam., 58, 429–440, 2008.
Hentry, C., Chandrasekar, N., Saravanan, S., and DajkumarSahayam, J.: Influence of geomorphology and bathymetry on the effects of the 2004 tsunami at Colachel, South India, Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ., 69, 431–442,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-010-0303-1, 2010.
Horrillo, J., Knight, W., and Kowalik, Z.: 2008 Kuril Islands tsunami of
November 2006: 2. Impact at Crescent City by local enhancement, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 113, C01021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004404, 2008.
Horrillo, J., Grilli, S. T., Nicolsky, D., Roeber, V., and Zhang, J.:
Performance benchmarking tsunami models for NTHMP's inundation mapping activities, Pure Appl. Geophys., 172, 869–884, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-014-0891-y, 2015.
Hsiao, S.-C., Chen, H., Wu, H.-L., Chen, W.-B., Chang, C.-H., Gui, W.-D.,
Chen, H.-M., and Lin, L.-H.: Numerical simulation of large wave heights from
super typhoon Nepartak (2016) in the eastern waters of Taiwan, J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 8, 217, https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8030217, 2020.
IOC: Sea Level Station Monitoring Facility, available at: http://www.ioc-sealevelmonitoring.org, last acces: 11 November 2021.
Ioualalen, M., Pelletier, B., and Solis Gordillo, G.: Investigating the
March 28th 1875 and the September 20th 1920 earthquakes/tsunamis of the
Southern Vanuatu arc, offshore Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia, Tectonophysics, 709, 20–38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2017.05.006, 2017.
Ji, C., Wald, D. J., and Helmberger, D. V.: Source description of the 1999 Hector Mine, California earthquake; Part I: Wavelet domain inversion theory and resolution analysis, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 92, 1192–1207, 2002.
Lardy, M.: Quelques remarques à propos du séisme et du tsunami du 17 mai 1995 à Port Vila, Note ORSTOM (ex IRD), ORSTOM, Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, 29 May 1995.
Lopez, J. E. and Baptista, M. A.: Benchmarking an unstructured grid sediment
model in an energetic estuary, Ocean Model., 110, 32–48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.12.006, 2017.
Louat, R. and Pelletier, B.: Seismotectonics and present-day relative plate
motions in the New Hebrides – North Fiji basin region, Tectonophysics, 167,
41–55, 1989.
Maillet, P., Monzier, M., Eissen, J. P., and Louat, R.: Geodynamics of an arc
ridge junction: the case of the New Hebrides arc-North Fiji Basin,
Tectonophysics, 165, 251–268, 1989.
Matsuyama, M.: The effect of bathymetry on tsunami characteristics at Sisano
Lagoon, Papua New Guinea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3513–3516,
https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL005412, 1999.
Monzier, M.: Un modèle de collision arc insulaire-ride océanique.
Evolution sismo-tectonique et petrologie des volcanites de la zone d'affrontement arc des Nouvelles-Hébrides – ride des Loyauté,
2 volumes, Thèse de doctorat, Univ. Française du Pacifique, Nouméa, p. 322, 1993.
Monzier, M., Maillet, P., Foyo Herrera, J., Louat, R., Missegue, F., and
Pontoise, B.: The termination of the southern New Hebrides subduction zone
(southwestern Pacific), Tectonophysics, 101, 177–184, 1984.
Monzier, M., Boulin, J., Collot, J. Y., Daniel, J., Lallemand, S., and
Pelletier, B.: Premiers résultats des plongées NAUTILE de la campagne SUPSO 1 sur la zone de collision “ride des Loyauté/arc des Nouvelles-Hébrides” (sud-ouest Pacifique), C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 309, 2069–2076, 1989.
Monzier, M., Daniel, J., and Maillet, P.: La collision “ride des
Loyauté/arc des Nouvelles Hébrides” (Pacifique Sud-Ouest), Oceanol.
Acta, 10, 43–56, 1990.
Munger, S. and Cheung, K. F.: Resonance in Hawaii waters from the 2006 Kuril
Islands tsunami, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L07605, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032843, 2008.
Nakada, S., Hayashi, M., Koshimura, S., Yoneda, S., and Kobayashi, E.:
Tsunami-tide simulation in a large bay based on the greatest earthquake
scenario along the Nankai Trough, Int. J. Offsh. Polar Eng., 26, 392–400, https://doi.org/10.17736/ijope.2016.jc652, 2016.
Necmioglŭ, Ö. and Özel, N. M.: An earthquake source sensitivity
analysis for tsunami propagation in the Eastern Mediterranean, Oceanography,
27, 76–85, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2014.42, 2014.
Okada, Y.: Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 75, 1135–1154, 1985.
Okal, E. A.: Seismic parameters controlling far-field tsunami amplitudes: a
review, Nat. Hazards, 1, 67–96, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00168222, 1988.
Pallares, E., Lopez, J., Espino, M., and Sánchez-Arcilla, A.: Comparison
between nested grids and unstructured grids for a high-resolution wave
forecastingsystem in the western Mediterranean sea, J. Operat. Oceanogr., 10, 45–58, https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2016.1260389, 2017.
Patriat, M., Collot, J., Danyushevsky, L., Fabre, M., Meffre, S., Falloon, T., Rouillard, P., Pelletier, B., Roach, M., and Fournier, M.: Propagation of
back-arc extension into the arc lithosphere in the southern New Hebrides
volcanic arc, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 16, 3142–3159, 2015.
Pelletier, B., Calmant, S., and Pillet, R.: Current tectonics of the Tonga-New Hebrides region, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 164, 263–276, 1998.
Pinto, L., Fortunato, A. B., Zhang, Y., Oliveira, A., and Sancho, F. E. P.:
Development and validation of a three-dimensional morphodynamic modelling
system for non-cohesive sediments, Ocean Model., 57–58, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2012.08.005, 2012.
Priest, G. R. and Allan, J. C.: Comparison of Oregon tsunami hazard scenarios
to a probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis (PTHA), Open-file Report 0-19-04, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Oregon, USA, 94 pp., 2019.
Rabinovich, A. B.: Seiches and harbor oscillations, in: Handbook of Coastal and Ocean Engineering, edited by: Kim, Y. C., World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, Singapore, 193–236, https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812819307_0009, 2009.
REFMAR: http://refmar.shom.fr, last access: 11 November 2021.
Régnier, M., Deschamps, A., Monfret, T., Pelletier, B., Pillet, R.,
Lebellegard, P., Courboulex, F., Delouis, B., and Gaffet, S.: Stress interaction during a seismic swarm at the southern termination of the New Hebrides trench, in: EGU 2004 Session TS19, 29 April 2004, Nice, 2004.
Roeber, V., Yamazaki, Y., and Cheung, K. F.: Resonance and impact of the 2009 Samoa tsunami around Tutuila, American Samoa, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21604, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044419, 2010.
Roger, J., Allgeyer, S., Hébert, H., Baptista, M. A., Loevenbruck, A., and Schindelé, F.: The 1755 Lisbon tsunami in Guadeloupe Archipelago: source sensitivity and investigation of resonance effects, Open Oceanogr. J., 4, 58–70, https://doi.org/10.2174/1874252101004010058, 2010.
Roger, J., Aucan, J., Pelletier, B., Lebellegard, P., and Lefèvre, J.:
The December 5, 2018 Mw 7.5 earthquake on the south Vanuatu subduction zone: numerical modelling and development of a scenario database for New Caledonia tsunami hazard assessment, Geophysical Research Abstracts, 21, EGU2019-3210, available at:
https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-3210.pdf (last access: 11 November 2021), 2019a.
Roger, J., Pelletier, B., and Aucan, J.: Update of the tsunami catalogue of
New Caledonia using a decision table based on seismic data and marigraphic
records, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1471–1483,
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1471-2019, 2019b.
Roger, J., Pelletier, B., Aucan, J., and Thomas, B.: Tsunamis in New Caledonia: from the update of the catalogue to the December 5, 2018 event, in: STAR 2019 Abstracts Booklet, STAR Conference, 19–22 November 2019, Fiji,
available at: http://star.gem.spc.int/docs/Abstract-booklet.pdf (last access: 11 November 2021), 2019c.
Roland, A., Zhang, Y. L., Wang, H. V., Meng, Y., Teng, Y.-C., Maderich, V.,
Brovchenko, I., Dutour-Sikiric, M., and Zanke, U.: A fully coupled 3D wave-current interaction model on unstructured grids, J. Geophys. Res., 117, C00J33, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JC007952, 2012.
Rouland, D., Régnier, M., Pillet, R., and Lafoy, Y.: An unexpected large
magnitude earthquake south of New Hebrides trench: broad band investigations
and tectonic implications, in: AGU Fall Meeting abstract, 11–15 December 1995, San Francisco, 1995.
Sahal, A., Pelletier, B., Chatelier, J., Lavigne, F., and Schindelé, F.: A catalog of tsunamis in New Caledonia from 28 March 1875 to 30 September 2009, Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 342, 437–444, 2010.
Sahal, A., Roger, J., Allgeyer, S., Lemaire, B., Hébert, H., Schindelé, F., and Lavigne, F.: The tsunami triggered by the 21 May 2003
Boumerdès-Zemmouri (Algeria) earthquake: field investigations on the
French Mediterranean coast and tsunami modelling, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 1823–1834, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-1823-2009, 2009.
Satake, K.: Effects of bathymetry on tsunami propagation: application of ray
tracing to tsunamis, Pure Appl. Geophys., 126, 27–36, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00876912, 1988.
Shigihara, Y. and Fujima, K.: A nesting approach using unstructured grid
system for numerical simulation of tsunami. J. Jpn. Soc. Civ. Eng. Ser. B2, 68, I_186–I_190, https://doi.org/10.2208/kaigan.68.I_186, 2012.
Smith, H. F. W. and Sandwell, D. T.: Global sea floor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings, Science, 277, 1956–1962,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5334.1956, 1997.
Strasser, F. O., Arango, M. C., and Bommer, J. J.: Scaling of the source dimensions of interface and intraslab subduction-zone earthquakes with moment
magnitude, Seismol. Res. Lett., 81, 941–950, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.81.6.941, 2010.
Swapna, M. and Srivastava, K.: Effects of Murray ridge on the tsunami
propagation from Makran subduction zone, Geophys. J. Int., 199, 1430–1441, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu336, 2014.
Tari, D. and Siba, G.: Brief summary of the Aneityum tsunami impact
assessment report 05th December 2018, Vanuatu Meteorology and
Geohazards Department report, Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department, Port Vila, 4 pp., 2018.
Titov, V. V., Rabinovich, A. B., Mofjeld, H. O., Thomson, R. E., and Gonzalez, F. I.: The global reach of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra tsunami, Science, 309, 2045–2048, 2005.
US Geological Survey: Earthquake catalog, available at:
https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/search/, last access: 10 January 2019.
Varillon, D., Fiat, S., Magron, F., Allenbach, M., Hoibian, T., De Ramon
N'Yeurt, A., Ganachaud, A., Aucan, J., Pelletier, B., and Hocdé, R.:
ReefTEMPS: the observation network of the coastal sea waters of the South,
West and South-West Pacific, SEANOE [code], https://doi.org/10.17882/55128, 2018.
Vela, J., Pérez, B., Gonzalez, M., Otero, L., Olabarrieta, M., Canals,
M., and Casamor, J. L.: Tsunami resonance in Palma Bay and Harbor, Majorca
Island, as induced by the 2003 Western Mediterranean earthquake, J. Geol., 122, 165–182, https://doi.org/10.1086/675256, 2014.
Vidale, J. and Kanamori, H.: The October 1980 earthquake sequence near the
New Hebrides, Geophys. Res. Let., 10, 1137–1140, 1983.
Watada, S., Kusumoto, S., and Satake, K.: Traveltime delay and initial phase reversal of distant tsunamis coupled with the self-gravitating elastic Earth, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 119, 4287–4310, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010841, 2014.
Yoon, S. B., Kim, S. C., Baek, U., and Bae, J. S.: Effects of bathymetry on the propagation of tsunamis towards the east coast of Korea, J. Coast. Res., 70, 332–337, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI70-056.1, 2014.
Zhang, Y. J. and Baptista, A. M.: SELFE: a semi-implicit Eulerian-Lagrangian
finite-element model for cross-scale ocean circulation, Ocean Model., 21, 71–96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2007.11.005, 2008.
Zhang, Y.J., Ateljevich, E., Yu, H.-C., Wu, C. H., and Yu, J. C. S.: A new
vertical coordinate system for a 3D unstructured-grid model, Ocean Model., 85, 16–31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2014.10.003, 2015.
Zhang, Y. J., Ye, F., Stanev, E. V., and Grashorn, S.: Seamless cross-scale
modelling with SCHISM, Ocean Model., 102, 64–81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.05.002, 2016a.
Zhang, Y. J., Priest, G., Allan, J., and Stimely, L.: Benchmarking an
Unstructured-Grid Model for Tsunami Current Modelling, Pure Appl. Geophys., 173, 4075–4087, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55480-8_20, 2016b.
Short summary
This study deals with the 5 December 2018 tsunami in New Caledonia and Vanuatu (southwestern Pacific) triggered by a Mw 7.5 earthquake that occurred southeast of Maré, Loyalty Islands, and was widely felt in the region. Numerical modeling results of the tsunami using a non-uniform and a uniform slip model compared to real tide gauge records and observations are globally well correlated for the uniform slip model, especially in far-field locations.
This study deals with the 5 December 2018 tsunami in New Caledonia and Vanuatu (southwestern...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint