Articles | Volume 22, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2347-2022
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2347-2022
Research article
 | 
18 Jul 2022
Research article |  | 18 Jul 2022

Compound flood impact of water level and rainfall during tropical cyclone periods in a coastal city: the case of Shanghai

Hanqing Xu, Zhan Tian, Laixiang Sun, Qinghua Ye, Elisa Ragno, Jeremy Bricker, Ganquan Mao, Jinkai Tan, Jun Wang, Qian Ke, Shuai Wang, and Ralf Toumi

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Cited articles

Anandalekshmi, A., Panicker, S. T., Adarsh, S., Siddik, A. M., Aloysius, S., and Mehjabin, M.: Modeling the concurrent impact of extreme rainfall and reservoir storage on kerala floods 2018: a Copula approach, Model. Earth Syst. Environ., 5, 1283–1296, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-019-00635-6, 2019. 
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Balistrocchi, M., Moretti, G., Orlandini, S., and Ranzi, R.: Copula-based modeling of earthen levee breach due to overtopping, Adv. Water Resour., 134, 103433, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.103433, 2019. 
Bevacqua, E., Maraun, D., Hobæk Haff, I., Widmann, M., and Vrac, M.: Multivariate statistical modelling of compound events via pair-copula constructions: analysis of floods in Ravenna (Italy), Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2701–2723, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2701-2017, 2017. 
Bevacqua, E., Maraun, D., Vousdoukas, M. I., Voukouvalas, E., Vrac, M., Mentaschi, L., and Widmann, M.: Higher probability of compound flooding from precipitation and storm surge in Europe under anthropogenic climate change, Science Advances, 5, eaaw5531, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw5531, 2019. 
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A hydrodynamic model and copula methodology were used to set up a joint distribution of the peak water level and the inland rainfall during tropical cyclone periods, and to calculate the marginal contributions of the individual drivers. The results indicate that the relative sea level rise has significantly amplified the peak water level. The astronomical tide is the leading driver, followed by the contribution from the storm surge.
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