Articles | Volume 22, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-813-2022
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-813-2022
Research article
 | 
10 Mar 2022
Research article |  | 10 Mar 2022

Correlation of wind waves and sea level variations on the coast of the seasonally ice-covered Gulf of Finland

Milla M. Johansson, Jan-Victor Björkqvist, Jani Särkkä, Ulpu Leijala, and Kimmo K. Kahma

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Cited articles

Arns, A., Wahl, T., Haigh, I., Jensen, J., and Pattiaratchi, C.: Estimating extreme water level probabilities: A comparison of the direct methods and recommendations for best practise, Coast. Eng., 81, 51–66, 2013. a
Arns, A., Dangendorf, S., Jensen, J., Talke, S., Bender, J., and Pattiaratchi, C.: Sea-level rise induced amplification of coastal protection design heights, Scient. Rep., 7, 40171, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40171, 2017. a
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Björkqvist, J.-V., Lukas, I., Alari, V., van Vledder, G. P., Hulst, S., Pettersson, H., Behrens, A., and Männik, A.: Comparing a 41-year model hindcast with decades of wave measurements from the Baltic Sea, Ocean Eng., 152, 57–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OCEANENG.2018.01.048, 2018. a
Björkqvist, J.-V., Pettersson, H., and Kahma, K. K.: The wave spectrum in archipelagos, Ocean Sci., 15, 1469–1487, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1469-2019, 2019. a, b
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Short summary
We analysed the correlation of sea level and wind waves at a coastal location in the Gulf of Finland using tide gauge data, wave measurements, and wave simulations. The correlation was positive for southwesterly winds and negative for northeasterly winds. Probabilities of high total water levels (sea level + wave crest) are underestimated if sea level and waves are considered independent. Suitably chosen copula functions can account for the dependence.
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