Articles | Volume 26, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-3395-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-3395-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Jul 2026
Research article |
| 21 Jul 2026
| 21 Jul 2026
Severe convective weather in Italy: Current understanding and Research Priorities in the TIM campaign
Mario Marcello Miglietta
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC), Padua, Italy
Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
Elenio Avolio
National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC), Lamezia Terme, Italy
Alessandro Bracci
National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC), Rome, Italy
Massimiliano Burlando
Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
Francesco Cairo
National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC), Rome, Italy
Federico Canepa
Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
Vincenzo Capozzi
Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
Sebastiano Carpentari
Department of Civil Environmental and Mechanical Engineering (DICAM), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
Federico Cassola
Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Liguria (ARPAL), Genoa, Italy
Alessandro Ceppi
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (D.I.C.A.), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
Pegaso Telematic University, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Engineering, Naples, Italy
Silvio Davolio
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC), Bologna, Italy
Francesco De Martin
School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
Giorgio Doglioni
Department of Civil Environmental and Mechanical Engineering (DICAM), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
Costanza Di Felice Fabrizi
Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
National Doctoral School in Polar Sciences, University of Venice “Ca' Foscari”, Venice, Italy
Luca Di Liberto
National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC), Rome, Italy
Francesco Domenichini
Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Veneto (ARPAV), Teolo, Italy
Stefano Federico
National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC), Rome, Italy
Massimo Enrico Ferrario
Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Veneto (ARPAV), Teolo, Italy
Federico Grazzini
Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna (ARPAE-SIMC), Bologna, Italy
Antonio Iengo
Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Liguria (ARPAL), Genoa, Italy
Sante Laviola
National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC), Bologna, Italy
Agostino Manzato
Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Friuli Venezia Giulia, Osservatorio Meteorologico Regionale (ARPA FVG–OSMER), Palmanova, Italy
Paolo Paganini
Section of Geophysics, National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS), Sgonico, Italy
Antonio Parodi
Centro Internazionale in Monitoraggio Ambientale (CIMA), Savona, Italy
Alessandro Pavan
Section of Geophysics, National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS), Sgonico, Italy
Andrea Piazza
Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Servizio Prevenzione e Rischi e CUE, Ufficio Previsioni e Pianificazione (DPC), Trento, Italy
Arturo Pucillo
Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Friuli Venezia Giulia, Osservatorio Meteorologico Regionale (ARPA FVG–OSMER), Palmanova, Italy
Giovanni Ravezzani
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (D.I.C.A.), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
Francesco Sioni
Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Friuli Venezia Giulia, Osservatorio Meteorologico Regionale (ARPA FVG–OSMER), Palmanova, Italy
Barbara Turato
Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Liguria (ARPAL), Genoa, Italy
Gianfranco Vulpiani
Department of Civil Protection, Rome, Italy
Marco Zanatta
National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (CNR-ISAC), Bologna, Italy
Dino Zardi
Department of Civil Environmental and Mechanical Engineering (DICAM), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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Franziska Vogel, Davide Putero, Paolo Bonasoni, Paolo Cristofanelli, Marco Zanatta, and Angela Marinoni
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Johannes Heuser, Claudia Di Biagio, Jérôme Yon, Mathieu Cazaunau, Antonin Bergé, Edouard Pangui, Marco Zanatta, Laura Renzi, Angela Marinoni, Satoshi Inomata, Chenjie Yu, Vera Bernardoni, Servanne Chevaillier, Daniel Ferry, Paolo Laj, Michel Maillé, Dario Massabò, Federico Mazzei, Gael Noyalet, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Brice Temime-Roussel, Roberta Vecchi, Virginia Vernocchi, Paola Formenti, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, and Jean-François Doussin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 6407–6428, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6407-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6407-2025, 2025
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The spectral optical properties of combustion soot aerosols with varying black (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) content were studied in an atmospheric simulation chamber. Measurements of the mass spectral absorption cross section (MAC), supplemented by literature data, allowed us to establish a generalised exponential relationship between the spectral absorption and the elemental-to-total-carbon ratio (EC / TC) in soot. This relationship can provide a useful tool for modelling the properties of soot.
Giulio Bongiovanni, Michael Matiu, Alice Crespi, Anna Napoli, Bruno Majone, and Dino Zardi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 1367–1391, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1367-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1367-2025, 2025
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EEAR-Clim is a new and unprecedented observational dataset gathering in situ daily measurements of air temperature and precipitation from a network of about 9000 weather stations covering the European Alps. Data collected, including time series from recordings up to 2020 and time series significantly enhancing data coverage at high elevations, were tested for quality and homogeneity. The dataset aims to serve as a powerful tool for better understanding climate change over the European Alpine region.
Vincenzo Capozzi, Francesco Serrapica, Armando Rocco, Clizia Annella, and Giorgio Budillon
The Cryosphere, 19, 565–595, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-565-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-565-2025, 2025
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This “journey through time” discovers historical information about snow precipitation in the Italian Apennines. In this area, in the second half of the past century, a gradual decline in snow persistence on the ground, as well as in the frequency of occurrence of snowfall events, has been observed, especially in sites located above 1000 m above sea level. The old data rescued in this study strongly enhance our knowledge about past snowfall variability and climate in the Mediterranean area.
Claudio Sánchez, Suzanne Gray, Ambrogio Volonté, Florian Pantillon, Ségolène Berthou, and Silvio Davolio
Weather Clim. Dynam., 5, 1429–1455, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-1429-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-1429-2024, 2024
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Medicane Ianos was a very intense cyclone that led to harmful impacts over Greece. We explore what processes are important for the forecasting of Medicane Ianos, with the use of the Met Office weather model. There was a preceding precipitation event before Ianos’s birth, whose energetics generated a bubble in the tropopause. This bubble created the necessary conditions for Ianos to emerge and strengthen, and the processes are enhanced in simulations with a warmer Mediterranean Sea.
Annachiara Bellini, Henri Diémoz, Luca Di Liberto, Gian Paolo Gobbi, Alessandro Bracci, Ferdinando Pasqualini, and Francesca Barnaba
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 6119–6144, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6119-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6119-2024, 2024
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We provide a comprehensive overview of the Italian Automated LIdar-CEilometer network, ALICENET, describing its infrastructure, aerosol retrievals, and main applications. The supplement covers data-processing details. We include examples of output products, comparisons with independent data, and examples of the network capability to provide near-real-time aerosol fields over Italy. ALICENET is expected to benefit the sectors of air quality, radiative budget/solar energy, and aviation safety.
Florian Pantillon, Silvio Davolio, Elenio Avolio, Carlos Calvo-Sancho, Diego Saul Carrió, Stavros Dafis, Emanuele Silvio Gentile, Juan Jesus Gonzalez-Aleman, Suzanne Gray, Mario Marcello Miglietta, Platon Patlakas, Ioannis Pytharoulis, Didier Ricard, Antonio Ricchi, Claudio Sanchez, and Emmanouil Flaounas
Weather Clim. Dynam., 5, 1187–1205, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-1187-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-1187-2024, 2024
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Cyclone Ianos of September 2020 was a high-impact but poorly predicted medicane (Mediterranean hurricane). A community effort of numerical modelling provides robust results to improve prediction. It is found that the representation of local thunderstorms controlled the interaction of Ianos with a jet stream at larger scales and its subsequent evolution. The results help us understand the peculiar dynamics of medicanes and provide guidance for the next generation of weather and climate models.
Joshua Dorrington, Marta Wenta, Federico Grazzini, Linus Magnusson, Frederic Vitart, and Christian M. Grams
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2995–3012, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2995-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2995-2024, 2024
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Extreme rainfall is the leading weather-related source of damages in Europe, but it is still difficult to predict on long timescales. A recent example of this was the devastating floods in the Italian region of Emiglia Romagna in May 2023. We present perspectives based on large-scale dynamical information that allows us to better understand and predict such events.
Annalina Lombardi, Barbara Tomassetti, Valentina Colaiuda, Ludovico Di Antonio, Paolo Tuccella, Mario Montopoli, Giovanni Ravazzani, Frank Silvio Marzano, Raffaele Lidori, and Giulia Panegrossi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3777–3797, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3777-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3777-2024, 2024
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The accurate estimation of precipitation and its spatial variability within a watershed is crucial for reliable discharge simulations. The study is the first detailed analysis of the potential usage of the cellular automata technique to merge different rainfall data inputs to hydrological models. This work shows an improvement in the performance of hydrological simulations when satellite and rain gauge data are merged.
Nicola Loglisci, Giorgio Boni, Arianna Cauteruccio, Francesco Faccini, Massimo Milelli, Guido Paliaga, and Antonio Parodi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2495–2510, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2495-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2495-2024, 2024
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We analyse the meteo-hydrological features of the 27 and 28 August 2023 event that occurred in Genoa. Rainfall observations were made using rain gauge networks based on either official networks or citizen science networks. The merged analysis stresses the spatial variability in the precipitation, which cannot be captured by the current spatial density of authoritative stations. Results show that at minimal distances the variations in cumulated rainfall over a sub-hourly duration are significant.
Francesco Barbano, Erika Brattich, Carlo Cintolesi, Abdul Ghafoor Nizamani, Silvana Di Sabatino, Massimo Milelli, Esther E. M. Peerlings, Sjoerd Polder, Gert-Jan Steeneveld, and Antonio Parodi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3255–3278, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3255-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3255-2024, 2024
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The characterization of the urban microclimate starts with atmospheric monitoring using a dense array of sensors to capture the spatial variations induced by the different morphology, land cover, and presence of vegetation. To provide a new sensor for this scope, this paper evaluates the outdoor performance of a commercial mobile sensor. The results mark the sensor's ability to capture the same atmospheric variability as the reference, making it a valid solution for atmospheric monitoring.
Andi Xhelaj and Massimiliano Burlando
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1657–1679, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1657-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1657-2024, 2024
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The study provides an in-depth analysis of a severe downburst event in Sânnicolau Mare, Romania, utilizing an analytical model and optimization algorithm. The goal is to explore a multitude of generating solutions and to identify potential alternatives to the optimal solution. Advanced data analysis techniques help to discern three main distinct storm scenarios. For this particular event, the best overall solution from the optimization algorithm shows promise in reconstructing the downburst.
Rosa Claudia Torcasio, Alessandra Mascitelli, Eugenio Realini, Stefano Barindelli, Giulio Tagliaferro, Silvia Puca, Stefano Dietrich, and Stefano Federico
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3319–3336, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3319-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3319-2023, 2023
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This work shows how local observations can improve precipitation forecasting for severe weather events. The improvement lasts for at least 6 h of forecast.
Emmanouil Flaounas, Leonardo Aragão, Lisa Bernini, Stavros Dafis, Benjamin Doiteau, Helena Flocas, Suzanne L. Gray, Alexia Karwat, John Kouroutzoglou, Piero Lionello, Mario Marcello Miglietta, Florian Pantillon, Claudia Pasquero, Platon Patlakas, María Ángeles Picornell, Federico Porcù, Matthew D. K. Priestley, Marco Reale, Malcolm J. Roberts, Hadas Saaroni, Dor Sandler, Enrico Scoccimarro, Michael Sprenger, and Baruch Ziv
Weather Clim. Dynam., 4, 639–661, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-639-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-639-2023, 2023
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Cyclone detection and tracking methods (CDTMs) have different approaches in defining and tracking cyclone centers. This leads to disagreements on extratropical cyclone climatologies. We present a new approach that combines tracks from individual CDTMs to produce new composite tracks. These new tracks are shown to correspond to physically meaningful systems with distinctive life stages.
Marco Zanatta, Stephan Mertes, Olivier Jourdan, Regis Dupuy, Emma Järvinen, Martin Schnaiter, Oliver Eppers, Johannes Schneider, Zsófia Jurányi, and Andreas Herber
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7955–7973, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7955-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7955-2023, 2023
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Black carbon (BC) particles influence the Arctic radiative balance. Vertical measurements of black carbon were conducted during the ACLOUD campaign in the European Arctic to study the interaction of BC with clouds. This study shows that clouds influence the vertical variability of BC properties across the inversion layer and that multiple activation and transformation mechanisms of BC may occur in the presence of low-level, persistent, mixed-phase clouds.
Jérôme Kopp, Agostino Manzato, Alessandro Hering, Urs Germann, and Olivia Martius
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3487–3503, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3487-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3487-2023, 2023
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We present the first study of extended field observations made by a network of 80 automatic hail sensors from Switzerland. The sensors record the exact timing of hailstone impacts, providing valuable information about the local duration of hailfall. We found that the majority of hailfalls lasts just a few minutes and that most hailstones, including the largest, fall during a first phase of high hailstone density, while a few remaining and smaller hailstones fall in a second low-density phase.
Roberto Ingrosso, Piero Lionello, Mario Marcello Miglietta, and Gianfausto Salvadori
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2443–2448, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2443-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2443-2023, 2023
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Tornadoes represent disruptive and dangerous weather events. The prediction of these small-scale phenomena depends on the resolution of present weather forecast and climatic projections. This work discusses the occurrence of tornadoes in terms of atmospheric variables and provides analytical expressions for their conditional probability. These formulas represent a tool for tornado alert systems and for estimating the future evolution of tornado frequency and intensity in climate projections.
Christian Ferrarin, Florian Pantillon, Silvio Davolio, Marco Bajo, Mario Marcello Miglietta, Elenio Avolio, Diego S. Carrió, Ioannis Pytharoulis, Claudio Sanchez, Platon Patlakas, Juan Jesús González-Alemán, and Emmanouil Flaounas
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2273–2287, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2273-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2273-2023, 2023
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The combined use of meteorological and ocean models enabled the analysis of extreme sea conditions driven by Medicane Ianos, which hit the western coast of Greece on 18 September 2020, flooding and damaging the coast. The large spread associated with the ensemble highlighted the high model uncertainty in simulating such an extreme weather event. The different simulations have been used for outlining hazard scenarios that represent a fundamental component of the coastal risk assessment.
Elisa Adirosi, Federico Porcù, Mario Montopoli, Luca Baldini, Alessandro Bracci, Vincenzo Capozzi, Clizia Annella, Giorgio Budillon, Edoardo Bucchignani, Alessandra Lucia Zollo, Orietta Cazzuli, Giulio Camisani, Renzo Bechini, Roberto Cremonini, Andrea Antonini, Alberto Ortolani, Samantha Melani, Paolo Valisa, and Simone Scapin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2417–2429, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2417-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2417-2023, 2023
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The paper describes the database of 1 min drop size distribution (DSD) of atmospheric precipitation collected by the Italian disdrometer network over the last 10 years. These data are useful for several applications that range from climatological, meteorological and hydrological uses to telecommunications, agriculture and conservation of cultural heritage exposed to precipitation. Descriptions of the processing and of the database organization, along with some examples, are provided.
Gianluca Di Natale, David D. Turner, Giovanni Bianchini, Massimo Del Guasta, Luca Palchetti, Alessandro Bracci, Luca Baldini, Tiziano Maestri, William Cossich, Michele Martinazzo, and Luca Facheris
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 7235–7258, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7235-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7235-2022, 2022
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In this paper, we describe a new approach to test the consistency of the precipitating ice cloud optical and microphysical properties in Antarctica, Dome C, retrieved from hyperspectral measurements in the far-infrared, with the reflectivity detected by a co-located micro rain radar operating at 24 GHz. The retrieved ice crystal sizes were found in accordance with the direct measurements of an optical imager, also installed at Dome C, which can collect the falling ice particles.
Giorgio Doglioni, Valentina Aquila, Sampa Das, Peter R. Colarco, and Dino Zardi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11049–11064, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11049-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11049-2022, 2022
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We use a global chemistry climate model to analyze the perturbations to the stratospheric dynamics caused by an injection of carbonaceous aerosol comparable to the one caused by a series of pyrocumulonimbi that formed over British Columbia, Canada on 13 August 2017. The injection of light-absorbing aerosol in an otherwise clean lower stratosphere causes the formation of long-lasting stratospheric anticyclones at the synoptic scale.
Laura Tositti, Erika Brattich, Claudio Cassardo, Pietro Morozzi, Alessandro Bracci, Angela Marinoni, Silvana Di Sabatino, Federico Porcù, and Alessandro Zappi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4047–4073, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4047-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4047-2022, 2022
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We present a thorough investigation of an anomalous transport of mineral dust over a region renowned for excess airborne particulate matter, the Italian Po Valley, which occurred in late March 2021. Both the origin of this dust outbreak, which was localized in central Asia (i.e., the so-called Aralkum Desert), and the upstream synoptic conditions, investigated here in extreme detail using multiple integrated observations including in situ measurements and remote sensing, were atypical.
Anna Napoli, Fabien Desbiolles, Antonio Parodi, and Claudia Pasquero
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3901–3909, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3901-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3901-2022, 2022
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Aerosols are liquid or solid particles suspended in the air that can interact with radiation and clouds, modifying the meteoclimatic conditions. Using an atmospheric model, we study the climatological impact of aerosols through their effects on clouds in the Alps, a region characterized by high pollution levels in the densely populated surrounding flatlands. Results show that cloud cover, temperature, and precipitation are affected by aerosols, and the response varies with elevation and season.
Emmanouil Flaounas, Silvio Davolio, Shira Raveh-Rubin, Florian Pantillon, Mario Marcello Miglietta, Miguel Angel Gaertner, Maria Hatzaki, Victor Homar, Samira Khodayar, Gerasimos Korres, Vassiliki Kotroni, Jonilda Kushta, Marco Reale, and Didier Ricard
Weather Clim. Dynam., 3, 173–208, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-173-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-173-2022, 2022
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This is a collective effort to describe the state of the art in Mediterranean cyclone dynamics, climatology, prediction (weather and climate scales) and impacts. More than that, the paper focuses on the future directions of research that would advance the broader field of Mediterranean cyclones as a whole. Thereby, we propose interdisciplinary cooperation and additional modelling and forecasting strategies, and we highlight the need for new impact-oriented approaches to climate prediction.
Mario Marcello Miglietta and Silvio Davolio
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 627–646, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-627-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-627-2022, 2022
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The main results emerging from the HyMeX SOP1 campaign and in the subsequent research activity in three Italian target areas are highlighted through conceptual models and through the identification of the relevant mesoscale environmental characteristics conducive to heavy rain events.
Samira Khodayar, Silvio Davolio, Paolo Di Girolamo, Cindy Lebeaupin Brossier, Emmanouil Flaounas, Nadia Fourrie, Keun-Ok Lee, Didier Ricard, Benoit Vie, Francois Bouttier, Alberto Caldas-Alvarez, and Veronique Ducrocq
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17051–17078, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17051-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17051-2021, 2021
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Heavy precipitation (HP) constitutes a major meteorological threat in the western Mediterranean. Every year, recurrent events affect the area with fatal consequences. Despite this being a well-known issue, open questions still remain. The understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the modeling representation of the events must be improved. In this article we present the most recent lessons learned from the Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX).
Cited articles
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Burlando, M., Romanić, D., Solari, G., Hangan, H., and Zhang, S.: Field Data Analysis and Weather Scenario of a Downburst Event in Livorno, Italy, on 1 October 2012, Mon. Weather Rev., 145, 3507–3527, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-17-0018.1, 2017.
Burlando, M., Zhang, S., and Solari, G.: Monitoring, cataloguing, and weather scenarios of thunderstorm outflows in the northern Mediterranean, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2309–2330, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2309-2018, 2018.
Burlando, M., Romanic, D., Boni, G., Lagasio, M., and Parodi, A.: Investigation of the Weather Conditions During the Collapse of the Morandi Bridge in Genoa on 14 August 2018 Using Field Observations and WRF Model, Atmosphere-Basel, 11, 724, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11070724, 2020.
Buzzi, A., Davolio, S., Malguzzi, P., Drofa, O., and Mastrangelo, D.: Heavy rainfall episodes over Liguria in autumn 2011: numerical forecasting experiments, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 1325–1340, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-1325-2014, 2014.
Calvo-Sancho, C., Díaz-Fernández, J., González-Alemán, J. J., Halifa-Marín, A., Miglietta, M. M., Azorin-Molina, C., Prein, A. F., Montoro-Mendoza, A., Bolgiani, P., Morata, A., and Martín, M. L.: Human-induced climate change amplification on storm dynamics in Valencia's 2024 catastrophic flash flood, Nat. Commun., 17, 1492, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-68929-9, 2026.
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Canepa, F., Repetto, M. P., and Burlando, M.: Full-scale measurements of thunderstorm outflows in the Northern Mediterranean, Geosci. Data J., gdj3.247, https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.247, 2024.
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Capozzi, V., Annella, C., and Budillon, G.: Classification of daily heavy precipitation patterns and associated synoptic types in the Campania Region (southern Italy), Atmos. Res., 289, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106781, 2023a.
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Cassola, F., Ferrari, F., Mazzino, A., and Miglietta, M. M.: The role of the sea on the flash floods events over Liguria (northwestern Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 3534–3542, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068265, 2016.
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Ceppi, A., Gambini, E., Ravazzani, G., Lombardi, G., Cerri, L., Meucci, S., and Mancini, M.: Attribution of Flood Forecasting Errors From a Multi-Model Perspective in Milan Urbanized River Basins, J. Flood Risk Manag., 18, 70023, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.70023, 2025.
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Dallan, E., Borga, M., Zaramella, M., and Marra, F.: Enhanced summer convection explains observed trends in extreme subdaily precipitation in the eastern Italian Alps, Geophys. Res. Lett., 49, e202GL096727, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096727, 2022.
Da Silva, N. A. and Haerter, J. O.: Super-Clausius–Clapeyron scaling of extreme precipitation explained by shift from stratiform to convective rain type, Nat. Geosci., 18, 382–388, 2025.
Davolio, S., Volonté, A., Manzato, A., Pucillo, A., Cicogna, A., and Ferrario, M. E.: Mechanisms producing different precipitation patterns over north-eastern Italy: insights from HyMeX-SOP1 and previous events, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 142, 188–205, 2016.
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Short summary
This paper represents a summary of the contribution that the Italian meteorological community is willing to provide to the forthcoming European field campaign on Thunderstorm Intensification from Mountains to plains, planned in 2028–2030. Critical issues regard both the available instrumentation and the accuracy of numerical models. These limitations, in the context of climate change making severe convective episodes more frequent, make the need for a dedicated field campaign urgent.
This paper represents a summary of the contribution that the Italian meteorological community is...
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