Articles | Volume 21, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2145-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2145-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
13 Jul 2021
Research article |
| 13 Jul 2021
| 13 Jul 2021
Selecting and analysing climate change adaptation measures at six research sites across Europe
Henk-Jan van Alphen
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, 3433 PE, the Netherlands
Clemens Strehl
IWW Water Centre, 45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
Fabian Vollmer
IWW Water Centre, 45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
Eduard Interwies
InterSus – Sustainability Services, 10405 Berlin, Germany
Anasha Petersen
InterSus – Sustainability Services, 10405 Berlin, Germany
Stefan Görlitz
InterSus – Sustainability Services, 10405 Berlin, Germany
Luca Locatelli
Aquatec (Suez Spain), 08038 Barcelona, Spain
Montse Martinez Puentes
Aquatec (Suez Spain), 08038 Barcelona, Spain
Maria Guerrero Hidalga
CETAQUA Water Technology Centre, 08940 Barcelona, Spain
Elias Giannakis
The Cyprus Institute, Energy Environment and Water Research Center,
Nicosia, 2121, Cyprus
Teun Spek
Province of Gelderland, Arnhem, 6811CG, the Netherlands
Marc Scheibel
Wupperverband, 42289 Wuppertal, Germany
Erle Kristvik
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim,
Norway
Fernanda Rocha
Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, 1700-066 Lisbon,
Portugal
Emmy Bergsma
KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, 3433 PE, the Netherlands
Related authors
No articles found.
Susanna Mohr, Uwe Ehret, Michael Kunz, Patrick Ludwig, Alberto Caldas-Alvarez, James E. Daniell, Florian Ehmele, Hendrik Feldmann, Mário J. Franca, Christian Gattke, Marie Hundhausen, Peter Knippertz, Katharina Küpfer, Bernhard Mühr, Joaquim G. Pinto, Julian Quinting, Andreas M. Schäfer, Marc Scheibel, Frank Seidel, and Christina Wisotzky
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 525–551, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-525-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-525-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The flood event in July 2021 was one of the most severe disasters in Europe in the last half century. The objective of this two-part study is a multi-disciplinary assessment that examines the complex process interactions in different compartments, from meteorology to hydrological conditions to hydro-morphological processes to impacts on assets and environment. In addition, we address the question of what measures are possible to generate added value to early response management.
Cited articles
Adger, W. N.: Vulnerability, Global Environ. Chang., 16, 268–281, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.006, 2006.
Alves, A., Vojinovic, Z., Kapelan, Z., Sanchez, A., and Gersonius, B.: Exploring trade-offs among the multiple benefits of green-blue-grey infrastructure for urban flood mitigation, Sci. Total Environ., 703, 134980, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134980, 2020.
Anand, R.: International Environmental Justice: A North-South Dimension, Ashgate, Hampshire, 161, ISBN 0754638243, 2004.
Andersson-Sköld, Y., Thorsson, S., Rayner, D., Lindberg, F.,
Janhäll, S., Jonsson, A., Moback, U., Bergman, R., and Granberg, M.: An integrated method for assessing climate-related risks and adaptation alternatives in urban areas, Climate Risk Management, 7, 31–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2015.01.003, 2015.
Bhave, A. G., Mishra, A., and Raghuwanshi, N. S.: A combined bottom-up and top-down approach for assessment of climate change adaptation options, J. Hydrol., 518A, 150–161, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.08.039, 2014.
Bojovic, D., Giupponi, C., Klug, H., Morper-Busch, L., Cojocaru, G., and Schörghofer, R.: An online platform supporting the analysis of water adaptation measures in the Alps, J. Environ. Plann. Man., 61, 214–229, https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2017.1301251, 2018.
Breil, M., Downing, C., Kazmierczak, A., Mäkinen, K., Romanovska, L., Terämä, E., and Swart, R. J.: Social vulnerability to climate change in European cities – state of play in policy and Practice, (ETC/CCA Technical Paper; No. 2018/1), EEA – European Environment Agency, https://doi.org/10.25424/CMCC/SOCVUL_EUROPCITIES, 2018.
Buchanan, J. M.: Who Should Pay for Common-Access Facilities?, Public Finance, 27, 1–8, available at: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:pfi:pubfin:v:27:y:1972:i:1:p:1-8 (last access: 8 July 2021), 1972.
Caney, S.: Cosmopolitan Justice, Responsibility, and Global Climate Change, Leiden J. Int. Law, 18, 747–775, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0922156505002992, 2005a.
Caney, S.: Justice Beyond Borders – A Global Political Theory, Oxford University Press, New York, https://doi.org/10.1093/019829350X.001.0001, 2005b.
Carrico, N. J. G., Goncalves, F. V., Covas, D. I. C.,
Almeida, M. D. C., and Alegre, H.: Multi-criteria analysis for the selection of the best energy efficient option in urban water systems, Procedia Engineer., 70, 292–301, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.02.033, 2014.
Cook, K. S.: Toward a more interdisciplinary research agenda: The potential contributions of sociology, Soc. Justice Res., 1, 5018, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01049381, 1987.
Depietri Y. and McPhearson, T.: Integrating the Grey, Green, and Blue in
Cities: Nature-Based Solutions for Climate Change Adaptation and Risk
Reduction, in: Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change Adaptation in Urban
Areas. Theory and Practice of Urban Sustainability Transitions, edited by:
Kabisch, N., Korn, H., Stadler, J., and Bonn, A., Springer, Cham, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56091-5_6, 2017.
Dhakal, K. P. and Chevalier, L. R.: Managing urban stormwater for urban sustainability: Barriers and policy solutions for green infrastructure application, J. Environ. Manage., 203-1, 171–181, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.07.065. 2017.
Dlugolecki, A. and Keykhah, M.: Climate Change and the Insurance Sector: Its
Role in Adaptation an Mitigation, Greener Management International, 39,
83–98, http://www.jstor.org/stable/greemanainte.39.83, 2002.
Dogulu, N. and Kentel, E.: Prioritization and selection of climate change
adaptation measures: a review of the literature, Iahr-Int Assoc
Hydro-Environment Engineering Research, in: Proceedings of the 36th Iahr World
Congress: Deltas of the Future and What Happens Upstream, Madrid, Den Haag, 28 June 2015–3 July 2015,
2015.
DWA: Leitlinien zur Durchführung dynamischer Kostenvergleichsrechnungen
(KVR Leitlinien), Translation: Guidelines to conduct dynamic cost comparisons, DWA, Hennef,
ISBN 9783941897557, 2012.
European Environment Agency (EEA): National climate change vulnerability and risk assessments in Europe, EEA Report 1, https://doi.org/10.2800/348489, 2018.
Freitas, M. J., Muthanna, T. M., Bruggeman, A., Giannakis, E., Zoumides, C.,
and Andrade, R.: D6.5 Guidelines designed to create, feed and enhance “win-win” collaborations between researchers and stakeholders, BINGO project report from WP6: Ensuring Excellence and Actionable Research, European Commission, Brussels, available at: http://www.projectbingo.eu/downloads/BINGO_Deliverable6.5.pdf (last access: 8 July 2021), 2018.
Garrote, L., Granados, A., and Iglesias, A.: Strategies to reduce water
stress in Euro-Mediterranean river basins, Sci. Total Environ.,
543, 997–1009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.106, 2016.
Geaves, L. H. and Penning-Rowsell, E.: Flood Risk Management as a public or a private good, and the implications for stakeholder engagement, Environ. Sci. Policy, 55-2, 281–291 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.06.004, 2016.
Gerner, N. V., Nafo, I., Winking, C., Wencki, K., Strehl, C., Wortberg, T.,
Anzaldua, G., Lago, M., and Birk, S.: Large-scale river restoration pays off:
A case study of ecosystem service valuation for the Emscher restoration
generation project, Ecosyst. Serv., 30, 327–338, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.03.020, 2018.
Giannakis, E. and Bruggeman, A.: The highly variable economic performance of European agriculture, Land Use Policy, 45, 26–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.12.009, 2015.
Giannakis, E. and Bruggeman, A.: Exploring the labour productivity of agricultural systems across European regions: A multilevel approach, Land Use Policy, 77, 94–106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.05.037, 2018.
Giannakis, E., Bruggeman, A., Djuma, H., Kozyra, J., and Hammer, J.: Water pricing and irrigation across Europe: Opportunities and constraints for adopting irrigation scheduling decision support systems, Water Sci. Tech.-W. Sup., 16, 245–252, https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.136, 2016.
Götze, U., Northcott, D., and Schuster, P.: Investment Appraisal – Methods and Models, Springer, London, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45851-8, 2015.
Hanley, N. and Barbier, E. B.: Pricing Nature – Cost-Benefit Analysis and Environmental Policy, Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc., Cheltenham, Northampton, ISBN 9781845427894, 2009.
Harrison, P. A., Holman, I. P., Cojocaru, G., Kok, K., Kontogianni, A., Metzger, M. J., and Gramberger, M.: Combining qualitative and quantitative understanding for exploring cross-sectoral climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability in Europe, Reg. Environ. Change, 13, 761–780, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-012-0361-y, 2013.
Havekes, H., Hofstra, M., Van der Kerk, A., Teeuwen, B., Van Cleef, R., and Oosterloo, K.: Building Blocks for Good Water Governance. Water Governance Centre (WGC), available at: https://www.uvw.nl/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Building-blocks-for-good-water-governance-2016.pdf (last access: 8 July 2021), 2016.
Ikeme, J.: Equity, environmental justice and sustainability: incomplete approaches in climate change politics, Global Environ. Chang., 13, 195–206, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-3780(03)00047-5, 2003.
IPCC: Summary for Policymakers, in: Global Warming of 1.5 ∘C. An IPCC
Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 ∘C
above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission
pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of
climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty,
edited by: Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pörtner, H.-O., Roberts, D., Skea, J., Shukla, P. R., Pirani, A., Moufouma-Okia, W., Péan, C., Pidcock, R., Connors, S., Matthews, J. B. R., Chen, Y., Zhou, X., Gomis, M. I., Lonnoy, E., Maycock, T., Tignor, M., and Waterfield, T., World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 32 pp., available at: https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/ (last access: 8 July 2021), 2018.
Iyalomhe, F., Jensen, A., Critto, A., and Marcomini, A.: The Science–Policy
Interface for Climate Change Adaptation: the Contribution of Communities of
Practice Theory, Environ. Policy Gov., 23: 368–380. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1619,
2013.
Koti, J., Hein, A., Interwies, E., Wencki, K., and Görlitz, S.: MS22-report: Economic and social impacts of measures determined. Suitable assessment methods for the evaluation of adaptation strategies and/or measures to climate change, European Commission, Brussels, 2017.
Levin, H. M. and McEwan, P. J.: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Methods and Applications, Sage Publications, London, ISBN 9780761919346, 2001.
Locatelli, L., Guerrero, M., Russo, B., Martínez-Gomariz, E., Sunyer, D.,
and Martínez, M.: Socio-Economic Assessment of Green Infrastructure for Climate Change Adaptation in the Context of Urban Drainage Planning, Sustainability, 12, 3792, https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093792, 2020.
Low, N. and Gleeson, B.: Justice, Society and Nature, Routledge, London, https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203006689, 1998.
Markanday, A., Galarraga, I., and Markandya, A.: A critical review of
cost-benefit analysis for climate change adaptation in cities, Climate Change
Economics 10, 1950014, https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010007819500143, 2019.
Martínez-Gomariz, E., Gómez, M., Russo, B., Sánchez, P., and
Montes, J.: Methodology for the damage assessment of vehicles exposed to
flooding in urban areas, J. Flood Risk Manag., 12, e12475, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12475,
2018.
Meyer, V., Gebhardt, O., and Moreira Alves, F.: Economic evaluation of adaptation options, BASE project report D5.2, European Commission, Brussels, available at: https://base-adaptation.eu/sites/default/files/Deliverable_5_2_FINAL.pdf (last access: 8 July 2021), 2015.
Miller, D.: The principles of Social Justice, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, ISBN 9780674007147, 1999.
MKULNV: Hochwasserrisikomanagementplanung in NRW, Hochwassergefährdung und Maßnahmenplanung Wuppertal, Bezirksregierung Düsseldorf und Ministerium für Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Landwirtschaft, Natur- und Verbraucherschutz des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, available at: https://docplayer.org/58398659-Hochwasserrisikomanagementplanung-in-nrw-hochwassergefaehrdung-und-massnahmenplanung-wuppertal.html (last access: 8 July 2021), 2015.
OECD: Water Governance in OECD Countries: A Multi-level Approach, OECD Studies on Water, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264119284-en, 2011.
OECD: Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Environment: Further Developments and Policy Use, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264085169-en, 2018.
O'Sullivan, J., Pollino, C., Taylor, P., Sengupta, A., and Parashar, A.: An Integrative Framework for Stakeholder Engagement Using the Basin Futures Platform, Water, 12, 2398, https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092398, 2020.
Paavola, J. and Neil Agder, W.: Justice and Adaptation to Climate Change, Working paper no. 23, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Norwich, available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jouni_Paavola/publication/228813871_Justice_and_Adaptation_to_Climate_Change/links/0deec52b32569b86d8000000/Justice-and-Adaptation-to-Climate-Change.pdf (last access: 8 July 2021), 2002.
Palutikof, J. P., Street, R. B., and Gardiner, E. P.: Looking to the future: guidelines for decision support as adaptation practice matures, Clim. Change, 153, 643–655, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02404-x, 2019.
Patterson, J., Thaler, T., Hoffman, M., Hughes, S., Oels, A., Chu, E., Mert, A., Huitema, D., Burch, S., and Jordan, A.: Political feasibility of 1.5 ∘C societal transformations, the role of social justice, Curr. Opin. Env. Sust., 31, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2017.11.002, 2018.
Penning-Rowsell, E., Viavattene, C., Pardoe, J., Chatterton, J., Parker, D., and Morris, J.: The Benefits of Flood and Coastal Risk Management: A Handbook of Assessment Techniques, Flood Hazard Research Centre, Middlesex University, London, 98 pp., ISBN 1904750516, 2010.
Persson, A. and Remling, E.: Equity and efficiency in adaptation finance: initial experiences of the Adaptation Fund, Clim. Policy, 14, 488–506, https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2013.879514, 2014.
Pielke Jr., R., Prins, G., Rayner, S., and Sarewitz, D.: Lifting the taboo on adaptation: renewed attention to policies for adapting to climate change cannot come too soon, Nature, 445, 597–598, https://doi.org/10.1038/445597a, 2007.
Rawls, J.: A Theory of Justice, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, ISBN 9780674000780, 1971, rev. edn. 1999.
Reckien, D., Lwasa, S., Satterthwaite, D., McEvoy, D., Creutzig, F.,
Montgomery, M., Schensul, D., Balk, D., and Khan, I.: Equity, environmental
justice, and urban climate change, in: Climate Change and Cities, Second
Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network, edited by:
Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W., Romero-Lankao, P., Mehrotra, S., Dhakal, S., and Ali
Ibrahim, S., Cambridge University Press, New York, 173–224, ISBN 9781316603338, 2018.
Saaty, R. W.: The Analytic Hierarchy Process – What it is and how it is used, Math. Modelling, 9, 161–176, https://doi.org/10.1016/0270-0255(87)90473-8, 1987.
Saaty, T. L.: Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process, International Journal of Services Sciences, 1, 83–98, https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.017590, 2008.
Shue, H.: Global environment and international inequality, Int. Aff., 75, 531–545, https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.00092, 1999.
Singh, C., Ford, J., Ley, D., Bazaz, A., and Revi, A.: Assessing the feasibility of adaptation options: methodological advancements and directions for climate adaptation research and practice, Climatic Change, 162, 255–277, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02762-x, 2020.
Skrede, T. I., Merete Muthanna, T., and Alfredesen, K.: Applicability of urban
streets as temporary open floodways, Hydrol. Res., 51, 621–634,
https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2020.067, 2020.
Strehl, C., Bruggeman, A., Freitas, A., Petersen, A., Hein, A., Grange, A. S., Iacovides, A., Zoumides, C., Interwies, E., Martinez-Gomariz, E., Giannakis, E., Kristvik, E., Vollmer, F., Rocha, F., van Alphen, H.-J., Koti, J., Handelsmann, L., Locatelli, L., Sekse, M., Scheibel, M., Hidalga Guerrero, M., Mouskoundis, M., Aase, M., Martinez, M., Lorza, P., Brito, P., Mittelstädt, R., Görlitz, S., Buil, S., Spek, T., Luckner, T., and Muthanna, T.: D5.3 Report on economic and societal impacts of the proposed measures, BINGO project report from WP5 Developing risk treatment and adaptation strategies for extreme weather events, European Commission, Brussels, available at: http://www.projectbingo.eu/downloads/BINGO_Deliverable5.3.pdf (last access: 8 July 2021), 2019a.
Strehl, C., Vollmer, F., Hein, A., Koti, J., Scheibel, M., Lorza, P., Heinenberg, D., Mittelstädt, R., Interwies, E., and Görlitz, S.: BINGO PROJECT: Selection of effective adaptation measures to weather extremes – Reducing flood risk in Wuppertal, Germany, Conference Contribution to the 4th European Climate Change Adaptation conference (ECCA), Lisbon, available at: http://www.projectbingo.eu/downloads/BINGO_Deliverable7.9.pdf (last access: 8 July 2021), 2019b.
Tol, R. S. J. and Verheyen, R.: State Responsibility and Compensation for
Climate Change Damages – a Legal and Economic Assesment, Energ. Policy, 32,
1109–1130, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4215(03)00075-2, 2004.
van Alphen, H. J., Bergsma, E., Urioc, S., Interwies, E., Görlitz, S., and
Koti, J.: Portfolio of risk management and adaptation strategies available for
the six research sites in BINGO, BINGO project report from WP5 Developing risk
treatment and adaptation strategies for extreme weather events, European
Commission, Brussels, available at: http://beta.tools.watershare.eu/bingo/\$/ (last access: 8 July 2021), 2017a.
van Alphen, H. J., Kristvik, E., Mouskoundis, M., Iacovides, I., Iacovides, A.,
Martinez, M., Sanchez, P., Russo, B., Malgrat, P., Zoumides, C., Giannakis, E.,
Bruggeman, A., Bergsma, E., Hulsmann, A., Koti, J., Interwies, E.,
Görlitz, S., and Freitas, M. J.: D5.2 Compilation report on initial workshops at the six research sites, BINGO project report from WP5 Developing risk treatment and adaptation strategies for extreme weather events, European Commission, Brussels, available at: http://www.projectbingo.eu/downloads/BINGO_Deliverable5.2.pdf (last access: 8 July 2021), 2017b.
van Alphen, H. J., Spek, T., Buil, S., Giannakis, E., Bruggeman, A.,
Zoumides, C., Rocha, F., Scheibel, M., Lorza, P., Kristvik, E., Merete
Muthanna, T., Strehl, C., Handelsmann, L., Martinez Puentes, M., Russo, B.,
Interwies, E., Görlitz, S., and Petersen, A.: D5.5: Complete Report on the Assessment of the Current Situation and Recommendations for Improvement Using the Three Layer Framework, BINGO project report from WP5 Developing risk treatment and adaptation strategies for extreme weather events, European Commission, Brussels, available at: http://www.projectbingo.eu/downloads/BINGO_Deliverable5.5.pdf (last access: 8 July 2021), 2019.
Verkerk, P. J., Sánchez, A., Libbrecht, S., Broekman, A., Bruggeman, A.,
Daly-Hassen, H., Giannakis, E., Jebari, S., Kok, K., Krivograd Klemencic, A.,
Magjar, M., Martinez de Arano, I., Robert, N., Smolar-Zvanut, N., Varela, E.,
and Zoumides, C.: A Participatory Approach for Adapting River Basins to Climate Change, Water, 9, 958, https://doi.org/10.3390/w9120958, 2017.
Vincent, K., Steynor, A., Waagsaether, K., and Cull, T.: Communities of practice: One size does not fit all, Climate Services 11, 72–77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2018.05.004, 2018.
Watkiss, P., Hunt, A., Rouillard, J., Tröltzsch, J., Lago, M.,
Skourtos, M., Kontogianni, A., Chiabai, A., Galarraga, I., Markandya, A.,
Sainz de Murieta, E., Bosello, F., Ščasný, M., Mechler, R.,
Havlik, P., Scussolini, P., Kuik, O., Carlos, J., and Zhu, X.: The costs and benefits of adaptation: results from the ECONADAPT project, Policy report, https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2061.7443, 2015.
Wilby, R. L.: A global hydrology research agenda fit for the 2030s, Hydrol. Res., 50, 1464–1480, https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2019.100, 2019.
Zhou, Q., Mikkelsen, P. S., Halsnæs, K., and Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K.: Framework for economic pluvial flood risk assessment considering climate change effects and adaptation benefits, J. Hydrol., 414–415, 539–549, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.11.031, 2012.
Short summary
This paper presents an approach to selecting and analysing climate change adaptation measures, using a combination of scientific analysis and stakeholder interaction. This approach was applied in six cases across Europe, concerning drought and extreme precipitation. Although the cases vary widely, the approach yielded decision-relevant outcomes for the development of adaptation strategies, regarding socio-economic impacts of measures and potential barriers to implementation.
This paper presents an approach to selecting and analysing climate change adaptation measures,...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint