Articles | Volume 26, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-4911-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-4911-2026
Research article
 | 
12 Oct 2026
Research article |  | 12 Oct 2026

Human-centred design approaches to tsunami mitigation under sea level rise in Kesennuma, Japan

Hayley Leggett, Muhammad Daffa Al Farizi, Muhammad Rizki Purnama, Anawat Suppasri, and Fumihiko Imamura

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Cited articles

Aoki, N.: Sequencing and combining participation in urban planning: the case of tsunami-ravaged Onagawa Town, Japan, Cities, 72, 226–236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.08.020, 2018. 
Behrens, J., Løvholt, F., Jalayer, F., Lorito, S., Salgado-Gálvez, M. A., and Sørensen, M.: Probabilistic tsunami hazard and risk analysis: a review of research gaps, Front. Earth Sci., 9, 628772, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.628772, 2021. 
Bell, S., MacDonald, D., and Taylor, T.: Establishing a statement of principles for community engagement with civil engineering, P. I. Civil Eng.-Eng. Su., 175, 77–88, 2022. 
Bricker, J. D., Gibson, S., Takagi, H., and Imamura, F.: On the need for larger Manning's roughness coefficients in depth-integrated tsunami inundation models, Coast. Eng. J., 57, 1550005, https://doi.org/10.1142/S0578563415500059, 2015. 
Cabinet Office: Damage estimation of the Nankai Trough earthquake (economic damage), Government of Japan, Tokyo, https://www.bousai.go.jp/jishin/nankai/taisaku_wg/pdf/3_sanko.pdf (last access: 3 October 2026), 2019 (in Japanese). 
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This study examined new multi-layered tsunami defences for Kesennuma, Japan, to find designs that protect communities while improving coastal openness and liveability. Using computer simulations of tsunami with future sea level rise, we found that a transparent and socially integrated design achieved nearly the same protection as large concrete walls, showing that safety and human-centred design can coexist in coastal planning.
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