Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
NHESS
Articles | Volume 26, issue 10
Articles | Volume 26, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-4911-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-4911-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 26, issue 10
Research article
 | 
12 Oct 2026
Research article |  | 12 Oct 2026

Human-centred design approaches to tsunami mitigation under sea level rise in Kesennuma, Japan

Hayley Leggett, Muhammad Daffa Al Farizi, Muhammad Rizki Purnama, Anawat Suppasri, and Fumihiko Imamura

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Short summary
This study examined new multi-layered tsunami defences for Kesennuma, Japan, to find designs that protect communities while improving coastal openness and liveability. Using computer simulations of tsunami with future sea level rise, we found that a transparent and socially integrated design achieved nearly the same protection as large concrete walls, showing that safety and human-centred design can coexist in coastal planning.
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