Articles | Volume 23, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1045-2023
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1045-2023
Research article
 | 
10 Mar 2023
Research article |  | 10 Mar 2023

Human influence on growing-period frosts like in early April 2021 in central France

Robert Vautard, Geert Jan van Oldenborgh, Rémy Bonnet, Sihan Li, Yoann Robin, Sarah Kew, Sjoukje Philip, Jean-Michel Soubeyroux, Brigitte Dubuisson, Nicolas Viovy, Markus Reichstein, Friederike Otto, and Iñaki Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri

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Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on nhess-2022-41', Anonymous Referee #1, 08 Apr 2022
  • RC2: 'Comment on nhess-2022-41', Anonymous Referee #2, 03 May 2022

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
ED: Reconsider after major revisions (further review by editor and referees) (06 Jul 2022) by Ricardo Trigo
AR by robert vautard on behalf of the Authors (30 Aug 2022)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (05 Sep 2022) by Ricardo Trigo
RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (05 Sep 2022)
ED: Publish as is (14 Sep 2022) by Ricardo Trigo
AR by robert vautard on behalf of the Authors (29 Dec 2022)  Author's response   Manuscript 
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Short summary
A deep frost occurred in early April 2021, inducing severe damages in grapevine and fruit trees in France. We found that such extreme frosts occurring after the start of the growing season such as those of April 2021 are currently about 2°C colder [0.5 °C to 3.3 °C] in observations than in preindustrial climate. This observed intensification of growing-period frosts is attributable, at least in part, to human-caused climate change, making the 2021 event 50 % more likely [10 %–110 %].
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