Articles | Volume 21, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-317-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-317-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Earthquake preparedness among religious minority groups: the case of the Jewish ultra-Orthodox society in Israel
Zvika Orr
Department of Nursing, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem,
9116001, Israel
Tehila Erblich
Department of Nursing, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem,
9116001, Israel
Shifra Unger
Department of Nursing, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem,
9116001, Israel
Osnat Barnea
Neev Center for Geoinfomatics, Fredy & Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
Moshe Weinstein
Department of Electro-Optics Engineering, Jerusalem College of
Technology, Jerusalem, 9116001, Israel
Neev Center for Geoinfomatics, Fredy & Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
Related authors
No articles found.
Mariana Belferman, Amotz Agnon, Regina Katsman, and Zvi Ben-Avraham
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2553–2565, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Internal fluid pressure in pores leads to breaking. With this mechanical principle and a correlation between historical water level changes and seismicity, we explore possible variants for water level reconstruction in the Dead Sea basin. Using the best-correlated variant, an additional indication is established regarding the location of historical earthquakes. This leads us to propose a certain forecast for the next earthquake in view of the fast and persistent dropping level of the Dead Sea.
Yaniv Darvasi and Amotz Agnon
Solid Earth, 10, 379–390, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-379-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-379-2019, 2019
I. Neugebauer, M. J. Schwab, N. D. Waldmann, R. Tjallingii, U. Frank, E. Hadzhiivanova, R. Naumann, N. Taha, A. Agnon, Y. Enzel, and A. Brauer
Clim. Past, 12, 75–90, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-75-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-75-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Micro-facies changes and elemental variations in deep Dead Sea sediments are used to reconstruct relative lake level changes for the early last glacial period. The results indicate a close link of hydroclimatic variability in the Levant to North Atlantic-Mediterranean climates during the time of the build-up of Northern Hemisphere ice shields. First petrographic analyses of gravels in the deep core question the recent hypothesis of a Dead Sea dry-down at the end of the last interglacial.
Related subject area
Dissemination, Education, Outreach and Teaching
The communication strategy for the release of the first European Seismic Risk Model and the updated European Seismic Hazard Model
Effects of web geographic information system (GIS) technology and curriculum approaches on education for disaster risk reduction
Invited perspectives: “Natural hazard management, professional development and gender equity: let's get down to business”
Communicating disaster risk? An evaluation of the availability and quality of flood maps
Analysis of a risk prevention document using dependability techniques: a first step towards an effectiveness model
SUstaiNability: a science communication website on environmental research
Disaster risk reduction education in Indonesia: challenges and recommendations for scaling up
Smartphone applications for communicating avalanche risk information – a study on how they are developed and evaluated by their providers
Earthquake risk communication as dialogue – insights from a workshop in Istanbul's urban renewal neighbourhoods
Hazagora: will you survive the next disaster? – A serious game to raise awareness about geohazards and disaster risk reduction
Irina Dallo, Michèle Marti, Nadja Valenzuela, Helen Crowley, Jamal Dabbeek, Laurentiu Danciu, Simone Zaugg, Fabrice Cotton, Domenico Giardini, Rui Pinho, John F. Schneider, Céline Beauval, António A. Correia, Olga-Joan Ktenidou, Päivi Mäntyniemi, Marco Pagani, Vitor Silva, Graeme Weatherill, and Stefan Wiemer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 291–307, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-291-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-291-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For the release of cross-country harmonised hazard and risk models, a communication strategy co-defined by the model developers and communication experts is needed. The strategy should consist of a communication concept, user testing, expert feedback mechanisms, and the establishment of a network with outreach specialists. Here we present our approach for the release of the European Seismic Hazard Model and European Seismic Risk Model and provide practical recommendations for similar efforts.
Jiali Song, Hiroyuki Yamauchi, Takashi Oguchi, Takuro Ogura, Yosuke Nakamura, and Jipeng Wang
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3617–3634, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3617-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3617-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Little knowledge exists about whether students can improve their understanding of disaster risk reduction (DRR) through web geographic information system (GIS) technology and which factors affect their learning. This study has provided materials and curricula for DRR education in Chinese and Japanese high schools. The daily use of online maps and attention to disaster prevention affect the learning of all the materials. Increasing the use of online hazard maps is key to realizing social DRR.
Valeria Cigala, Giulia Roder, and Heidi Kreibich
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 85–96, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-85-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-85-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Non-male scientists constitute a minority in the geoscience professional environment, and they are underrepresented in disaster risk reduction planning. So far the international agenda has failed to effectively promote gender inclusion in disaster policy, preventing non-male scientists from career development and recognition. Here we share the thoughts, experiences, and priorities of women and non-binary scientists as a starting point to expand the discourse and promote intersectional research.
Daniel Henstra, Andrea Minano, and Jason Thistlethwaite
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 313–323, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-313-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-313-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Flood maps can help stakeholders and the public understand their flood risk. We evaluated the quality of publicly accessible flood maps in Canadian communities designated as flood risk areas. We found that most maps (62 %) are low quality (meeting less than half of the criteria) and the highest score was 78 % (seven of nine criteria met). Canada must make a more concerted effort to produce high-quality flood maps to support its international commitment to disaster risk reduction.
Laetitia Ferrer, Corinne Curt, and Jean-Marc Tacnet
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1201–1221, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1201-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1201-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a method to evaluate a French document effectiveness made by mayors and addressed to the public in order to provide information on major hazards. Our results highlight potential dysfunctions of the document, their causes and consequences and list detection elements to identify those dysfunctions. Those detection elements are about three types (content, form and regulatory compliance) and will be used to build a future evaluation effectiveness model as a decision-aid tool for mayors.
Teresita Gravina, Maurizio Muselli, Roberto Ligrone, and Flora Angela Rutigliano
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1437–1446, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1437-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1437-2017, 2017
Avianto Amri, Deanne K. Bird, Kevin Ronan, Katharine Haynes, and Briony Towers
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 595–612, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-595-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-595-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper covers a recent research of education for children in the field of disaster risk reduction, particularly on floods and urban fires, a significant environmental problem in Indonesia and in many other parts of the world. Views were captured from children, teachers and non-government organisations generating recommendations to inform future policy decisions, particularly to scale up disaster risk reduction education in schools in Indonesia and may well be applicable beyond Indonesia.
Marie K. M. Charrière and Thom A. Bogaard
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1175–1188, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1175-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1175-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper present the results of interviews that were conducted with the developers of apps dedicated to avalanche risk communication. The study investigates the context of their development to determine how choices of content and visualization were made as well as how their effectiveness is evaluated. Results show that consensus is achieved in terms of message but not in terms of visualization. However, progress remains in terms of effectiveness evaluation.
Johanna Ickert and Iain S. Stewart
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1157–1173, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1157-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1157-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Hazard scientists rarely meet the people that are actually at risk – those in communities prone to natural threats. This paper outlines an attempt to develop a transdisciplinary approach to train geoscientists, using early career researchers in an EU integrated training network studying tectonic processes and geohazards. By integrating local perspectives into the reflection on communication, we explore the form that new strategies for public communication and community engagement might take.
S. Mossoux, A. Delcamp, S. Poppe, C. Michellier, F. Canters, and M. Kervyn
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 135–147, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-135-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-135-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Natural disasters are too often presented as resulting from extreme natural phenomena affecting helpless populations. However, what are the real factors influencing a disaster? Hazagora is a board game aimed at inducing a better understanding of geohazards and disasters and at generating discussions about risk management strategies. Based on analysis, Hazagora appears to be an effective, fun learning tool that positively enhances the player's insight into processes involved in disasters.
Cited articles
Agnon, A.: Pre-instrumental earthquakes along the Dead Sea rift, in: Dead Sea transform fault system: reviews, edited by: Garfunkel, Z., Ben-Avraham, Z., and Kagan, E., Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 207–262, 2014
Aldrich, D. P.: The power of people: social capital's role in recovery from the 1995 Kobe earthquake, Nat. Hazards, 56, 595–611,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-010-9577-7, 2011.
Aldrich, D. P.: Building resilience: social capital in post-disaster recovery, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, USA, 2012.
Alexander, D. E.: The L'Aquila earthquake of 6 April 2009 and Italian government policy on Disaster Response, J. Nat. Resour. Policy Res., 2, 325–342, https://doi.org/10.1080/19390459.2010.511450, 2010.
Al-Tarazi, E.: The major Gulf of the Aqaba earthquake, 22 November 1995 –
maximum intensity distribution, Nat. Hazards, 22, 17–27,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008109810031, 2000.
Ambraseys, N.: Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East: a multidisciplinary study of seismicity up to 1900, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2009.
Amiran, D. H. K., Arieh, E., and Turcotte, T.: Earthquakes in Israel and
adjacent areas: macroseismic observations since 100 B.C.E., Israel Explor. J., 44, 260–305, 1994.
Appleby-Arnold, S., Brockdorff, N., Jakovljev, I., and Zdravković, S.:
Applying cultural values to encourage disaster preparedness: lessons from a
low-hazard country, Int. J. Disast. Risk Reduct., 31, 37–44,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.04.015, 2018.
Assouline, D.: Contact and ideology in a multilingual community: Yiddish and
Hebrew among the ultra-Orthodox, De Gruyter Mouton, Berlin, Germany, 2017.
Audru, J. C., Vernier, J. L., Capdeville, B., Salindre, J. J., and Mouly, É.: Preparedness actions towards seismic risk mitigation for the general
public in Martinique, French Lesser Antilles: a mid-term appraisal, Nat.
Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2031–2039, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-2031-2013, 2013.
Avni, R.: The 1927 Jericho earthquake, comprehensive macroseismic analysis
based on contemporary source, PhD thesis, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, 1999.
Azim, M. T. and Islam, M. M.: Earthquake preparedness of households in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: a perceptual study, Environ. Hazards-UK, 15, 189–208,
https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2016.1173006, 2016.
Baer, G., Funning, G. J., Shamir, G., and Wright, T. J.: The 1995 November 22, Mw 7.2 Gulf of Elat earthquake cycle revisited, Geophys. J. Int., 175, 1040–1054, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03901.x, 2008.
Barbour, R. S.: Focus groups, in: The SAGE handbook of qualitative methods in health research, edited by: Bourgeault, I., Dingwall, R., and de Vries, R., SAGE, London, UK, 327–352, 2010.
Baytiyeh, H.: Socio-cultural characteristics: the missing factor in disaster
risk reduction strategy in sectarian divided societies, Int. J. Disast. Risk
Reduct., 21, 63–69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.11.012, 2017.
Baytiyeh, H. and Naja, M. K.: Can education reduce Middle Eastern fatalistic
attitude regarding earthquake disasters?, Disaster Prev. Manage., 23, 343–355, https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-12-2013-0219, 2014.
Bertero, V. V. and Bozorgnia, Y.: The early years of earthquake engineering and its modern goal, in: Earthquake engineering: from engineering seismology
to performance-based engineering, edited by: Bozorgnia, Y. and Bertero, V. V., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 1–17, 2004.
Cahaner, L. and Malach, G.: The yearbook of ultra-Orthodox society in Israel 2019, The Israel Democracy Institute, Jerusalem, Israel, 2019.
Caplan, K.: The internal popular discourse in Israeli Haredi society, Zalman
Shazar Center, Jerusalem, Israel, 2007.
Caplan, K. and Stadler, N. (Eds.): From survival to consolidation: changes in Israeli Haredi society and its scholarly study, Hakibbutz Hameuchad and Van Leer Jerusalem Institute, Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, Israel, 2012.
Central Bureau of Statistics: Well-being, sustainability, and national
resilience indicators 2018, publication no. 1769, Central Bureau of Statistics, Jerusalem, Israel, 2019.
Cheema, A. R., Scheyvens, R., Glavovic, B., and Imran, M.: Unnoticed but
important: revealing the hidden contribution of community-based religious
institution of the mosque in disasters, Nat. Hazards, 71, 2207–2229,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-1008-0, 2014.
Coburn, A. W., Spence, R. J., and Pomonis, A.: Factors determining human casualty levels in earthquakes: mortality prediction in building collapse,
in: Proceedings of the First International Forum on Earthquake Related Casualties, Madrid, Spain, 1992.
Corbin, J. M. and Strauss, A.: Basics of qualitative research: techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory, 4th Edn., Sage, London, UK, 2014.
Creswell, J. W.: Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 4th Edn., Sage, London, UK, 2014.
Creswell, J. W. and Plano Clark, V. L.: Designing and conducting mixed methods research, 2nd Edn., Sage, Los Angeles, California, USA, 2011.
Ferrari, G. and Guidoboni, E.: Seismic scenarios and assessment of intensity: some criteria for the use of the MCS scale, Ann. Geophys., 43, 707–720, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-3664 2000.
Freund, R., Zak, I., and Garfunkel, Z.: Age and rate of the sinistral movement along the Dead Sea Rift, Nature, 220, 253–255,
https://doi.org/10.1038/220253a0, 1968.
Gal, R.: Ultra-Orthodox Jews in Israel: a status report 2014, 2nd Edn., The Samuel Neaman Institute at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, 2015.
Garfunkel, Z.: Internal structure of the Dead Sea leaky transform (rift) in
relation to plate kinematics, Tectonophysics, 80, 81–108,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(81)90143-8, 1981.
Gianisa, A. and Le De, L.: The role of religious beliefs and practices in
disaster: the case study of 2009 earthquake in Padang city, Indonesia, Disast. Prev. Manage., 27, 74–86, https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-10-2017-0238, 2018.
Gil-Rivas, V. and Kilmer, R. P.: Building community capacity and fostering
disaster resilience, J. Clin. Psychol., 72, 1318–1332, https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22281, 2016.
Golan, D., Rosenfeld, J., and Orr, Z. (Eds.): Bridges of knowledge: campus-community partnerships in Israel, Mofet Institute Publishing, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2017.
Golan-Agnon, D.: Teaching Palestine on an Israeli university campus: unsettling denial, Anthem Press, London, UK, 2020.
Grady, A., Gersonius, B., and Makarigakis, A.: Taking stock of decentralized
disaster risk reduction in Indonesia, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2145–2157, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2145-2016, 2016.
Guidoboni, E. and Comastri, A.: Catalogue of earthquakes and tsunamis in the
Mediterranean area from the 11th to the 15th century, Istituto nazionale di
geofisica e vulcanologia, Rome, Italy, 2005.
Hamiel, Y., Masson, F., Piatibratova, O., and Mizrahi, Y.: GPS measurements
of crustal deformation across the southern Arava Valley section of the Dead
Sea Fault and implications to regional seismic hazard assessment, Tectonophysics, 724, 171–178, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2018.01.016, 2018.
Hofstetter, A., van Eck, T., and Shapira, A.: Seismic activity along fault
branches of the Dead Sea-Jordan transform system: the Carmel-Tirtza fault
system, Tectonophysics, 267, 317–330, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00108-4, 1996.
Hofstetter, R., Gitterman, Y., Pinksy, V., Kraeva, N., and Feldman, L.:
Seismological observations of the northern Dead Sea basin earthquake on 11 February 2004 and its associated activity, Israel J. Earth. Sci., 57,
101–124, 2008.
Home Front Command: Educational activities, available at: https://www.oref.org.il/, last access: 21 July 2020.
Hough, S. E. and Avni, R.: The 1170 and 1202 CE Dead Sea Rift earthquakes and long-term magnitude distribution of the Dead Sea Fault zone, Israel J.
Earth. Sci., 58, 295–308, https://doi.org/10.1560/IJES.58.3-4.295, 2011.
Kagan, E., Stein, M., Agnon, A., and Neumann, F.: Intrabasin paleoearthquake
and quiescence correlation of the late Holocene Dead Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 116, 1–27, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007452, 2011.
Kalagy, T., Abu-Kaf, S., and Braun-Lewensohn, O.: Effective ways to encourage health-care practices among cultural minorities in Israel during the COVID-19 pandemic, Isr. J. Health Policy, in review, 2020.
Katz, O. and Crouvi, O.: The geotechnical effects of long human habitation
(2000 < years): earthquake induced landslide hazard in the city of Zefat, northern Israel, Eng. Geol., 95, 57–78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2007.07.008, 2007.
Kellman, B.: Disaster mitigation under law - an international legal challenge, in: International seminar on global environment and disaster
management: law and society, Indian Law Institute, New Delhi, India, 66–93,
2011.
Kelly, S. E.: Qualitative interviewing techniques and styles, in: The SAGE
handbook of qualitative methods in health research, edited by: Bourgeault, I., Dingwall, R., and De Vries, R., Sage, London, UK, 307–326, 2010.
Korach, M. and Choshen, M.: Jerusalem: facts and trends 2020, The Jerusalem
Institute for Policy Research, Jerusalem, Israel, 2020.
Langgut, D., Yannai, E., Taxel, I., Agnon, A., and Marco, S.: Resolving a
historical earthquake date at Tel Yavneh (central Israel) using pollen
seasonality, Palynology, 40, 145–159, https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2015.1035405, 2016.
Lefevre, M., Klinger, Y., Al-Qaryouti, M., Le Béon, M., and Moumani, K.:
Slip deficit and temporal clustering along the Dead Sea fault from
paleoseismological investigations, Sci. Rep-UK, 8, 4511,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22627-9, 2018.
Lucini, B.: Multicultural approaches to disaster and cultural resilience. How to consider them to improve disaster management and prevention: the Italian case of two earthquakes, Proc. Econ. Financ., 18, 151–156, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00925-3, 2014.
Maldonado, A., Collins, T. W., and Grineski, S. E.: Hispanic immigrants'
vulnerabilities to flood and hurricane hazards in two United States metropolitan areas, Geogr. Rev., 106, 109–135, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2015.12103.x, 2016.
McGregor, A.: Geographies of religion and development: rebuilding sacred
spaces in Aceh, Indonesia, after the tsunami, Environ. Plan. A, 42, 729–746, https://doi.org/10.1068/a4273, 2010.
Mesgar, M. A. A. and Jalilvand, P.: Vulnerability analysis of the urban
environments to different seismic scenarios: residential buildings and associated population distribution modelling through integrating dasymetric
mapping method and GIS, Procedia Eng., 198, 156–466,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.100, 2016.
Mileti, D., Bandy, R., Bourque, L. B., Johnson, A., Kano, M., Peek, L., Sutton, J. N., and Wood, M.: Annotated bibliography for public risk communication on warnings for public protective actions response and public
education, available at:
https://coast.noaa.gov/data/digitalcoast/pdf/annotated-bibliography-risk-communication.pdf
(last access: 21 July 2020), 2006.
Municipality of Jerusalem: Jerusalem neighborhoods, available at: https://www.jerusalem.muni.il/he/residents/community-in-jerusalem/jerusalem-neighborhoods/,
last access: 21 July 2020.
Ngin, C., Grayman, J. H., Neef, A., and Sanunsilp, N.: The role of faith-based institutions in urban disaster risk reduction for immigrant
communities, Nat. Hazards, 103, 299–316, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-03988-9, 2020.
Orr, Z.: Socially engaged ethnographic research in human rights organizations, Collabor. Anthropol., 9, 149–183, https://doi.org/10.1353/cla.2016.0014, 2016–2017.
Orr, Z. and Unger, S.: The TOLERance model for promoting structural competency in nursing, J. Nurs. Educ., 59, 425–432,
https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20200723-02, 2020a.
Orr, Z. and Unger, S.: Structural competency in conflict zones: challenging
depoliticization in Israel, Policy Polit. Nurs. Pract., 21, 202–212, https://doi.org/10.1177/1527154420948050, 2020b.
Plapp, T. and Werner, U.: Understanding risk perception from natural hazards: examples from Germany, in: Risk21: coping with risks due to natural hazards in the 21st century, edited by: Ammann, W. J., Dannenmann, S., and Vulliet, L., Taylor & Francis, London, UK, 101–107, 2006.
Politi, M.: Branching of a continental transform in the Hula Basin: subsurface evidence, MSc thesis, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel,
2011.
Quennell, A. M.: The structural and geomorphic evolution of the Dead Sea Rift, Q. J. Geol. Soc. Lond., 114, 1–24, https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.114.1.0001, 1958.
Regev, E. and Gordon, G.: Characteristics of the housing market and the
geographical distribution of the ultra-Orthodox population in Israel (draft), The Israel Democracy Institute, Jerusalem, Israel, 2019.
Salamon, A., Katz, O., and Crouvi, O.: Zones of required investigation for
earthquake-related hazards in Jerusalem, Nat. Hazards, 53, 375–406,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-009-9436-6, 2010.
Schipper, E. L. F., Merli, C., and Nunn, P. D.: How religion and beliefs influence perceptions of and attitudes towards risk, in: World disasters
report 2014: focus on culture and risk, edited by: Cannon, T., Schipper, E. L. F., Bankoff, G., and Kruger, F., International Federation of Red Cross
and Red Crescent Societies, Geneva, Switzerland, 37–63, 2014.
Shahak, M.: Data on demographics and employment of ultra-Orthodox in large cities, The Knesset – Research and Information Center, Jerusalem, Israel, 2017.
Shamir, G., Baer, G., and Hofstetter, A.: Three-dimensional elastic earthquake modelling based on integrated seismological and InSAR data: the
Mw=7.2 Nuweiba earthquake, gulf of Elat/Aqaba 1995 November, Geophys. J. Int., 154, 731–744, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01978.x, 2003.
Shapira, A., Avni, R., and Nur, A.: A new estimate for the epicenter of the
Jericho earthquake of 11 July 1927, Israel J. Earth. Sci., 42, 93–96, 1993.
Shapira, S., Aharonson-Daniel, L., and Bar-Dayan, Y.: Anticipated behavioral
response patterns to an earthquake: The role of personal and household
characteristics, risk perception, previous experience and preparedness, Int.
J. Disast. Risk Reduct., 31, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.04.001, 2018.
Sharon, M., Sagy, A., Kurzon, I., Marco, S., and Rosensaft, M.: Assessment
of seismic sources and capable faults through hierarchic tectonic criteria:
implications for seismic hazard in the Levant, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 125–148, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-125-2020, 2020.
Smawfield, D. (Ed.): Education and natural disasters: education as a humanitarian response, Bloomsbury Academic, London, UK, 2013.
Spence, P. R., Lachlan, K. A., and Griffin, D. R.: Crisis communication, race and natural disaster, J. Black Stud., 37, 539–554,
https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934706296192, 2007.
Sun, L., Deng, Y., and Qi, W.: Two impact pathways from religious belief to
public disaster response: findings from a literature review, Int. J. Disast.
Risk Reduct., 27, 588–595, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.10.004, 2018.
Sun, L., Su, G., Tian, Q., Qi, W., Liu, F., Qi, M., and Li, R.: Religious belief and Tibetans' response to earthquake disaster: a case study of the 2010 Ms 7.1 Yushu earthquake, Qinghai Province, China, Nat. Hazards, 99, 141–159, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03733-x, 2019.
Takagi, J. and Wada, A.: Recent earthquakes and the need for a new philosophy for earthquake-resistant design, Soil Dynam. Earthq. Eng., 119, 499–507, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.11.024, 2018.
Uekusa, S.: Disaster linguicism: linguistic minorities in disasters, Lang.
Soc., 48, 353–375, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404519000150, 2019.
Vardi, M., Orr, Z., and Finkelstein, A.: Civic engagement of students from
minority groups: the case of ultra-Orthodox students and communities in Jerusalem, in: Understanding campus-community partnerships in conflict zones: engaging students for transformative change, edited by: Markovich, D., Golan, D., and Shalhoub-Kevorkian, N., Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, Switzerland, 261–292, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13781-6_11, 2019.
Waitzberg, R., Davidovitch, N., Leibner, G., Penn, N., and Brammli-Greenberg, S.: Israel's response to the COVID-19 pandemic: tailoring measures for vulnerable cultural minority populations, Int. J. Equity Health, 19, 71, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01191-7, 2020.
Wilkin, J., Biggs, E., and Tatem, A. J.: Measurement of social networks for
innovation within community disaster resilience, Sustainability, 11, 1943,
https://doi.org/10.3390/su11071943, 2019.
Ya'ar, E., Bandas-Jacob, O., Alkalai, J., Gelman, A., and Bermanis, A.: The
perception of the population of Israel to a serious earthquake in Israel, the preparedness to it and the ability to cope with its outcomes, Henrietta Szold Institute, Jerusalem, Israel, 2015.
Yari, A., Zarezadeh, Y., and Ostadtaghizadeh, A.: Prevalence of fatalistic
attitudes toward earthquake disaster risk management in citizens of Tehran,
Iran, Int. J. Disast. Risk Reduct., 38, 101181, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101181, 2019.
Zhang, C.: Seismic risk-coping behavior in rural ethnic minority communities
in Dali, China, Nat. Hazards, 103, 3499–3522, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04140-3, 2020.
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint