Articles | Volume 26, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-709-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-709-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
30 Jan 2026
Research article |
| 30 Jan 2026
| 30 Jan 2026
Multiscale modeling for coastal cities: addressing climate change impacts on flood events at urban-scale
Michele Bendoni
Institute of Marine Science, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISMAR), Forte Santa Teresa, snc, 19032 – Lerici (SP), Italy
Francesca Caparrini
Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IGG), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 – Pisa (PI), Italy
Andrea Cucco
Institute for the study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in marine environment, National Research Council (CNR- IAS), Loc. Sa Mardini Torregrande – Oristano, Italy
Stefano Taddei
LaMMA Consortium, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
Iulia Anton
Atlantic Technological University, Ash Lane F91 YW50, Sligo, Ireland
now at: EirGrid plc, Dublin, Ireland
Roberta Paranunzio
Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAC), Corso Fiume, 4, 10133 Torino (TO), Italy
Rossella Mocali
LaMMA Consortium, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
Massimo Perna
LaMMA Consortium, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
Michele Sacco
LaMMA Consortium, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
Giovanni Vitale
Institute of Marine Science, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISMAR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
LaMMA Consortium, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
Manuela Corongiu
LaMMA Consortium, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
Alberto Ortolani
Institute of Bio-Economy, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IBE), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
LaMMA Consortium, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
Salem Gharbia
Atlantic Technological University, Ash Lane F91 YW50, Sligo, Ireland
Carlo Brandini
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Marine Science, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISMAR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
LaMMA Consortium, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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The city of Venice relies crucially on a good storm surge forecast to protect its population and cultural heritage. In this paper, we provide a state-of-the-art review of storm surge forecasting, starting from examples in Europe and focusing on the Adriatic Sea and the Lagoon of Venice. We discuss the physics of storm surge, as well as the particular aspects of Venice and new techniques in storm surge modeling. We also give recommendations on what a future forecasting system should look like.
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Short summary
We studied how future climate scenarios may affect flooding in three European coastal cities. Using atmospheric data and an integrated modeling framework, we simulated extreme storm surges, waves, and river discharges at high urban resolution (up to 2 m). Flood trends are driven by local geomorphic features, sea-level rise, and storm intensity changes, providing insights for adaptation strategies.
We studied how future climate scenarios may affect flooding in three European coastal cities....
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