This study aims to analyze the impact of climate change and watershed characteristics on the spread of drought. Based on the GAMLSS (Generalized Additive Model for Location, Scale, and Shape) framework and Copula model, the probability and threshold of drought spread in different seasons were calculated without being affected by climate factors. The results show that: the spatiotemporal variability of drought spread is influenced by climate change and watershed characteristics

This study tests 36 combinations of microphysics and boundary layer schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting model for extreme rainfall over Saudi Arabia. Using the Kling–Gupta Efficiency, the Yonsei University boundary layer with the Thompson microphysics performs best; the Morrison microphysics with the Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino boundary layer ranks lowest. Mean temporal efficiency is 0.37, spatial efficiency is 0.26, revealing spatial prediction challenges in arid regions.

Greek seismic data are invaluable to global databases. Recordings from stations on rock (i.e. not soft deposits) are needed in seismology in order to define reference ground conditions and ground motions, which serve as the basis for all hazard calculations. However, very little knowledge exists on how rock stations in Greece behave. This is the first time the network of the National Observatory is studied systematically and multiparametrically to reveal the most adequate reference stations.

Urban pluvial flooding is worsening due to climate change and urbanization, requiring faster forecasts. This study presents RIM2D, a multi-graphics processing unit (GPU) 2D flood model, simulating high-resolution events (2–10 m) across Berlin (891.8 km²) with up to 8 GPUs. Simulations of real and synthetic floods show multi-GPU use is vital for fine-scale, timely forecasts. RIM2D proves operationally viable for urban-scale early warning using modern GPU hardware.

We develop novel probabilistic models to estimate flash flood losses of companies and households in Germany. Using multiple flash flood events, we identify key drivers of flash floods loss. FLEMO flash model reveals that for companies, the effectiveness of emergency measures is crucial in mitigating losses. In contrast, household benefit more from knowledge about emergency action, suggesting adaptation strategies can effectively reduce flash flood losses.

This paper highlights gaps in disaster risk assessments, particularly regarding disease outbreaks after natural hazards. It calls for: (1) learning from compound risk models to understand disaster and disease probabilities, (2) including health metrics in risk frameworks, and (3) improving data and modeling for health impacts. The authors propose a research agenda to enhance disaster risk management.

The Rieti Basin in Central Italy, though surrounded by active faults, has been largely overlooked in earthquake studies. To better understand its seismic past, we dug 17 trenches and discovered evidence of 15 ancient earthquakes over the past ca. 20 000 years. The findings show that earthquakes in this area tend to cluster in time, likely due to stress shifting between nearby faults, and can reach a magnitude of 6.5.