Multiscale modeling for coastal cities: addressing climate change impacts on flood events at urban-scale

Bendoni, Michele; Caparrini, Francesca; Cucco, Andrea; Taddei, Stefano; Anton, Iulia; Paranunzio, Roberta; Mocali, Rossella; Perna, Massimo; Sacco, Michele; Vitale, Giovanni; Corongiu, Manuela; Ortolani, Alberto; Gharbia, Salem; Brandini, Carlo

doi:10.5194/nhess-26-709-2026

Articles | Volume 26, issue 1

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-709-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-709-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 26, issue 1

Research article

|

30 Jan 2026

Research article |

| 30 Jan 2026

Multiscale modeling for coastal cities: addressing climate change impacts on flood events at urban-scale

Michele Bendoni, Francesca Caparrini, Andrea Cucco, Stefano Taddei, Iulia Anton, Roberta Paranunzio, Rossella Mocali, Massimo Perna, Michele Sacco, Giovanni Vitale, Manuela Corongiu, Alberto Ortolani, Salem Gharbia, and Carlo Brandini

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-709-2026-supplement

Model code and software

WaveWatch III numerical wave model WAVEWATCH III Development Group (WW3DG) https://github.com/NOAA-EMC/WW3

LISFLOOD hydrological and flood simulation model Joint Research Centre (JRC) https://github.com/ec-jrc/lisflood-code

SHYFEM – Shallow Water Hydrodynamic Finite Element Model CNR-ISMAR https://github.com/SHYFEM-model/shyfem

HEC-RAS – River Analysis System G. W. Brunner and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-ras/

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Short summary

We studied how future climate scenarios may affect flooding in three European coastal cities. Using atmospheric data and an integrated modeling framework, we simulated extreme storm surges, waves, and river discharges at high urban resolution (up to 2 m). Flood trends are driven by local geomorphic features, sea-level rise, and storm intensity changes, providing insights for adaptation strategies.