Articles | Volume 26, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-4569-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-4569-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
24 Sep 2026
Research article |
| 24 Sep 2026
| 24 Sep 2026
A methodological workflow for the identification of earthquake sources from macroseismic data
Veronica Gironelli
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Milano, Italy
Lucia Luzi
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Milano, Italy
Andrea Antonucci
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Milano, Italy
Andrea Rovida
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Milano, Italy
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Andrea Antonucci, Corrado Castellano, Luigi Cucci, and Andrea Tertulliani
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1105–1118, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-1105-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-1105-2026, 2026
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We present a revised and comprehensive macroseismic dataset of the 5 May 1990 earthquake that occurred in southern Italy (Mw 5.77). By re-evaluating all sources, we compiled a new dataset of 1393 macroseismic data points. This revised dataset shows a general decrease in higher intensity values compared to previous assessments. Additionally, we collect extensive observations of seismically-induced hydrological changes.
Andrea Tertulliani, Andrea Antonucci, Filippo Bernardini, Viviana Castelli, Emanuela Ercolani, Laura Graziani, Alessandra Maramai, Martina Orlando, Antonio Rossi, and Tiziana Tuvè
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 4063–4077, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-4063-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-4063-2025, 2025
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We present the results of a rapid and reliable study of 45 Italian earthquakes characterized by datasets with potential inconsistencies or inhomogeneities. The used methodology obviates the need for exhaustive earthquake re-evaluation, and it is particularly effective for the updating of medium and low events, with a large amount of low-intensity data. The result is a new dataset very useful in improving “seismic histories” and in contributing to the enhancement of the seismic hazard of an area.
Andrea Rovida, Mario Locati, Andrea Antonucci, and Romano Camassi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 3109–3124, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3109-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3109-2025, 2025
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ASMI, the Italian Archive of Historical Earthquake Data, is an online data collection that currently provides seismological data on earthquakes that occurred in and around Italy from from 461 BCE to 2025 CE. Based on more than 450 data sources, ASMI's web portal distributes earthquake parameters and macroseismic intensity data, along with the bibliographical reference of the data source and – if possible – the data source itself, through queries by both earthquake and data source.
Marco Massa, Andrea Luca Rizzo, Davide Scafidi, Elisa Ferrari, Sara Lovati, Lucia Luzi, and MUDA working group
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4843–4867, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4843-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4843-2024, 2024
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MUDA (geophysical and geochemical MUltiparametric DAtabase) is a new infrastructure of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology serving geophysical and geochemical multiparametric data. MUDA collects information from different sensors, such as seismometers, accelerometers, hydrogeochemical sensors, meteorological stations and sensors for the flux of carbon dioxide and radon gas, with the aim of making correlations between seismic phenomena and variations in environmental parameters.
Laurentiu Danciu, Domenico Giardini, Graeme Weatherill, Roberto Basili, Shyam Nandan, Andrea Rovida, Céline Beauval, Pierre-Yves Bard, Marco Pagani, Celso G. Reyes, Karin Sesetyan, Susana Vilanova, Fabrice Cotton, and Stefan Wiemer
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3049–3073, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3049-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3049-2024, 2024
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The 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model (ESHM20) is the latest seismic hazard assessment update for the Euro-Mediterranean region. This state-of-the-art model delivers a broad range of hazard results, including hazard curves, maps, and uniform hazard spectra. ESHM20 provides two hazard maps as informative references in the next update of the European Seismic Design Code (CEN EC8), and it also provides a key input to the first earthquake risk model for Europe.
Vera D'Amico, Francesco Visini, Andrea Rovida, Warner Marzocchi, and Carlo Meletti
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1401–1413, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1401-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1401-2024, 2024
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We propose a scoring strategy to rank multiple models/branches of a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) model that could be useful to consider specific requests from stakeholders responsible for seismic risk reduction actions. In fact, applications of PSHA often require sampling a few hazard curves from the model. The procedure is introduced through an application aimed to score and rank the branches of a recent Italian PSHA model according to their fit with macroseismic intensity data.
Andrea Antonucci, Andrea Rovida, Vera D'Amico, and Dario Albarello
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1805–1816, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1805-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1805-2023, 2023
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The earthquake effects undocumented at 228 Italian localities were calculated through a probabilistic approach starting from the values obtained through the use of an intensity prediction equation, taking into account the intensity data documented at close localities for a given earthquake. The results showed some geographical dependencies and correlations with the intensity levels investigated.
Andrea Rovida, Andrea Antonucci, and Mario Locati
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5213–5231, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5213-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5213-2022, 2022
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EPICA is the 1000–1899 catalogue compiled for the European Seismic Hazard Model 2020 and contains 5703 earthquakes with Mw ≥ 4.0. It relies on the data of the European Archive of Historical Earthquake Data (AHEAD), both macroseismic intensities from historical seismological studies and parameters from regional catalogues. For each earthquake, the most representative datasets were selected and processed in order to derive harmonised parameters, both from intensity data and parametric catalogues.
Francesco Visini, Carlo Meletti, Andrea Rovida, Vera D'Amico, Bruno Pace, and Silvia Pondrelli
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2807–2827, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2807-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2807-2022, 2022
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As new data are collected, seismic hazard models can be updated and improved. In the framework of a project aimed to update the Italian seismic hazard model, we proposed a model based on the definition and parametrization of area sources. Using geological data, seismicity and other geophysical constraints, we delineated three-dimensional boundaries and activity rates of a seismotectonic zoning and explored the epistemic uncertainty by means of a logic-tree approach.
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Short summary
We present a methodological workflow for identifying the sources of large earthquakes using macroseismic data. This approach includes macroseismic field pre-processing and revision of earthquake parameters. The application to both instrumental and historical earthquakes is illustrated through selected case studies. This approach provides a useful tool for reconstructing seismogenic sources and generating realistic shaking scenarios for past events, with implications for seismic hazard assessment.
We present a methodological workflow for identifying the sources of large earthquakes using...
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