Articles | Volume 25, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-3921-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-3921-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
14 Oct 2025
Research article |
| 14 Oct 2025
| 14 Oct 2025
Flood exposure in Rotterdam's unembanked areas from 1970 to 2150: sensitivities to urban development, sea level rise, and adaptation
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CN, the Netherlands
Risk and Disaster Management, HKV, Lelystad, 8232JN, the Netherlands
Martine van den Boomen
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CN, the Netherlands
Centre of Expertise HRTech, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, 3089JR, the Netherlands
Ties Rijcken
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CN, the Netherlands
Matthijs Kok
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CN, the Netherlands
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Short summary
This study analyses flood exposure in Rotterdam's unembanked areas from 1970 to 2150, exploring the interplay between rising sea levels, urban development, and flood protection measures. Without measures, flood exposure will increase, especially after 2100. The Maeslant storm surge barrier had the most impact on flood exposure, followed by sea level rise and urban development. Varied exposure levels across neighbourhoods suggest the need for localized adaptation strategies.
This study analyses flood exposure in Rotterdam's unembanked areas from 1970 to 2150, exploring...
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