Articles | Volume 24, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2331-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2331-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Characterizing hail-prone environments using convection-permitting reanalysis and overshooting top detections over south-central Europe
Antonio Giordani
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Physics and Astronomy (DIFA) “Augusto Righi”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
ARPAE-SIMC Emilia Romagna, Bologna, Italy
Michael Kunz
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Kristopher M. Bedka
NASA Langley Research Center, Science Directorate, Climate Science Branch, Hampton, VA, USA
Heinz Jürgen Punge
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Tiziana Paccagnella
ARPAE-SIMC Emilia Romagna, Bologna, Italy
Valentina Pavan
ARPAE-SIMC Emilia Romagna, Bologna, Italy
Ines M. L. Cerenzia
ARPAE-SIMC Emilia Romagna, Bologna, Italy
Silvana Di Sabatino
Department of Physics and Astronomy (DIFA) “Augusto Righi”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Total article views: 3,767 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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Total article views: 2,846 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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Cited
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Invited perspectives: Thunderstorm intensification from mountains to plains J. Fischer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2629-2025
- Added value of a multi-model ensemble of convection-permitting rainfall reanalyses over Italy A. Giordani et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108402
- High-resolution atmospheric data cubes from the WegenerNet 3D Open-Air Laboratory for Climate Change Research A. Kvas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1165-2026
- Dynamic and statistical analysis of giant hail environments in northeast Italy F. De Martin et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4945
- A pan-European analysis of large-scale drivers of severe convective outbreaks M. Feldmann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-1089-2025
- A Canadian Hail Climatology Based on Elevation and the Hail-Thunderstorm Ratio S. Kehler & M. Desorcy https://doi.org/10.63024/0rgb-b58z
- Severe convective weather in Italy: Current understanding and Research Priorities in the TIM campaign M. Miglietta et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-3395-2026
- Influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on annual spatio-temporal lightning clusters in western and central Europe M. Augenstein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-4921-2025
- Divergent European hail projections from machine learning and physically based models under global warming M. Chericoni et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-026-00218-3
- Lifecycle dynamics of a multicell hailstorm simulated with the WRF model: A wavelet-based diagnostic approach Y. Kara et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108515
- Identification of atmospheric circulation schemes that promote summer hail events in the Northern Italy V. Capozzi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.108990
- Lightning Activity Accompanying Hail Events in Russia in 2016–2024 K. Pustovalov et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-025-03878-w
- Effects of the urban land use on a severe convective windstorm F. De Martin et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.5058
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Invited perspectives: Thunderstorm intensification from mountains to plains J. Fischer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2629-2025
- Added value of a multi-model ensemble of convection-permitting rainfall reanalyses over Italy A. Giordani et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108402
- High-resolution atmospheric data cubes from the WegenerNet 3D Open-Air Laboratory for Climate Change Research A. Kvas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-1165-2026
- Dynamic and statistical analysis of giant hail environments in northeast Italy F. De Martin et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4945
- A pan-European analysis of large-scale drivers of severe convective outbreaks M. Feldmann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-1089-2025
- A Canadian Hail Climatology Based on Elevation and the Hail-Thunderstorm Ratio S. Kehler & M. Desorcy https://doi.org/10.63024/0rgb-b58z
- Severe convective weather in Italy: Current understanding and Research Priorities in the TIM campaign M. Miglietta et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-3395-2026
- Influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on annual spatio-temporal lightning clusters in western and central Europe M. Augenstein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-4921-2025
- Divergent European hail projections from machine learning and physically based models under global warming M. Chericoni et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-026-00218-3
- Lifecycle dynamics of a multicell hailstorm simulated with the WRF model: A wavelet-based diagnostic approach Y. Kara et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108515
- Identification of atmospheric circulation schemes that promote summer hail events in the Northern Italy V. Capozzi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.108990
- Lightning Activity Accompanying Hail Events in Russia in 2016–2024 K. Pustovalov et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-025-03878-w
- Effects of the urban land use on a severe convective windstorm F. De Martin et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.5058
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 30 Jul 2026
Short summary
To improve the challenging representation of hazardous hailstorms, a proxy for hail frequency based on satellite detections, convective parameters from high-resolution reanalysis, and crowd-sourced reports is tested and presented. Hail likelihood peaks in mid-summer at 15:00 UTC over northern Italy and shows improved agreement with observations compared to previous estimates. By separating ambient signatures based on hail severity, enhanced appropriateness for large-hail occurrence is found.
To improve the challenging representation of hazardous hailstorms, a proxy for hail frequency...
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