Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
NHESS
Articles | Volume 26, issue 11
Articles | Volume 26, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-5407-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-5407-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 26, issue 11
Research article
 | 
30 Oct 2026
Research article |  | 30 Oct 2026

The 2025 Mediterranean marine heatwaves through sea surface temperature analogues

Davide Faranda, Thibault Guinaldo, Francisco Pastor, Tommaso Alberti, and Samira Khodayar

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Short summary
The Mediterranean Sea experienced a record-breaking heatwave in summer 2025. We compared this event to similar patterns from past decades to see how a warmer climate changed its strength. We found that today's warmer background added about 1.5 °C to the sea surface, making the heatwave far more intense and widespread. This shows how climate change is turning ordinary weather patterns into extreme events, with major impacts on marine life, coastal communities, and economies.
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