Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
NHESS
Articles | Volume 26, issue 10
Articles | Volume 26, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-5167-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-5167-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 26, issue 10
Research article
 | 
22 Oct 2026
Research article |  | 22 Oct 2026

Distinguishing run-up height from pressure distribution during avalanche impact on narrow obstacles: mechanisms and semi-empirical prediction from three-dimensional simulations

Michael J. Kohler, Johan Gaume, Christophe Ancey, and Betty Sovilla

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Short summary
Snow avalanches threaten infrastructure in mountain regions. When designing slim structures like cableway masts, engineers currently assume that how high an avalanche piles up at an obstacle determines where high pressures act. Using detailed simulations, we show that this assumption is inaccurate: fast avalanches climb far higher than where pressure concentrates. We address this by proposing separate prediction formulas for each quantity, enabling more efficient and reliable structural design.
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