Articles | Volume 26, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-4997-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-4997-2026
Research article
 | 
14 Oct 2026
Research article |  | 14 Oct 2026

Characterisation and modelling of lightning strokes as point events in time and space

Uldis Zandovskis, Davide Pigoli, and Bruce D. Malamud

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Cited articles

Anderson, G. and Klugmann, D.: A European lightning density analysis using 5 years of ATDnet data, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 815–829, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-815-2014, 2014. 
Artigas, S. E. S.: Stochastic modeling of lightning occurrence by Nonhomogeneous Poisson Process, International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), Vienna, Austria, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344400, 2012. 
Atluri, G., Karpatne, A., and Kumar, V.: Spatio-temporal data mining: A survey of problems and methods, ACM Comput. Surv., 51, 1–41, https://doi.org/10.1145/3161602, 2018. 
Augenstein, M., Mohr, S., and Kunz, M.: Influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on annual spatio-temporal lightning clusters in western and central Europe, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4921–4939, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-4921-2025, 2025. 
Ballarotti, M. G., Medeiros, C., Saba, M. M., Schulz, W., and Pinto Jr., O.: Frequency distributions of some parameters of negative downward lightning flashes based on accurate-stroke-count studies, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D06112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017135, 2012. 
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Short summary
This study looks at how lightning strikes happen over time and space, focusing on six storms in the UK during 2012 and 2015. By using real data, the research examines how often lightning strikes occur, how fast the storms move, and how far the strikes spread. The storms had different speeds (13–31 m s –1) and times between strikes (0.01 to 100 s), with strikes spreading up to 80 km. The study’s findings help create models to better characterise severe storms.
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