Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
NHESS
Articles | Volume 26, issue 9
Articles | Volume 26, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-4201-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Collection:
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-4201-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 26, issue 9
Research article
 | 
01 Sep 2026
Research article |  | 01 Sep 2026

Ice jam formation at river confluences: comprehensive field investigation and comparison to laboratory-derived predictive equations

Laurence Charbonneau, Tadros Ghobrial, Jennifer Nafziger, Catherine Blouin, and Gabriel Pelchat

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Short summary
This study fills a gap in river ice engineering by providing field data on ice jam formation at river confluences. Data were collected at four confluences in Québec, Canada, over four winters (2021–2024). The study combines field observations with laboratory-based predictive equations to analyze breakup processes, hydro-environmental factors, and ice interactions. Results show that laboratory equations can predict jam formation when breakup mechanisms and key parameters are defined.
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