Articles | Volume 26, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-3749-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-3749-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Can aerosols improve urban flood forecasting? A case study of 2015 Chennai extreme event
Oscar Paul
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
N. Nithila Devi
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Section 4.4: Hydrology, GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
Rakesh Teja Konduru
Earth Observation Research Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba Space Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Soumendra Nath Kuiry
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Kundan Lal Shrestha
Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
Chandan Sarangi
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Amit Singh Chandel, Chandan Sarangi, Nurun Nahar, Saqib Ahmad Zargar, Poul Cherian, Xena Mansoura, Vijay P. Kanawade, Bhishma Tyagi, Antti-Pekka Hyvärinen, Aki Virkkula, Harendra S. Negi, Swarup China, and Rakesh K. Hooda
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-424, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-424, 2026
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Dust storms reaching the western Himalayas often mix with pollution during transport. Using high-altitude measurements from May 2023, we show that this polluted dust has altered intrinsic optical properties, scattering and absorbing more sunlight than clean dust, with important implications for atmospheric heating and regional climate.
Sougat Kumar Sarangi, Chandan Sarangi, Niravkumar Patel, Bomidi Lakshmi Madhavan, Shantikumar Singh Ningombam, Belur Ravindra, and Madineni Venkat Ratnam
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 5637–5648, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-5637-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-5637-2025, 2025
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This study introduces a new approach to measure cloud cover from image data taken by ground-based sky observations. Our method used diverse sky images taken from various locations across the globe to train our machine learning model. We achieved a very high accuracy in detecting cloud cover, even in polluted areas. Our model surpasses traditional methods by running efficiently with minimal computational needs.
J. Krishnanand, Argha Banerjee, R. Shankar, Himanshu Kaushik, Mohd. Farooq Azam, and Chandan Sarangi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3756, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3756, 2025
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Glacierised valleys create unique local-scale winds. Most glaciers in the world are ungauged, making it hard to estimate the melt contribution of heat exchanged by these winds. We developed a model that predicts wind speed on any glacier without requiring any in-situ data, enabling wind predictions on ungauged glaciers. Our predictions are about three times more accurate than a standard climate product, helping improve estimates of glacier melt and runoff in a warming climate.
Saleem Ali, Chandan Sarangi, and Sanjay Kumar Mehta
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8769–8783, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8769-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8769-2025, 2025
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The pollutants over northern India are transported towards southern India under the influence of the prevalent wind system, especially during the winter season. This long-range transport induces widespread haziness over southern India, lasting for days. We evaluated the occurrence of such transport episodes over southern India using observational methods and found that it suppresses the boundary layer height by approximately 40 % compared to clear days, while exacerbating the surface pollution by approximately 50 %–60 %.
Shahin Khosh Bin Ghomash, Nithila Devi Nallasamy, and Heiko Apel
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-314, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-314, 2024
Manuscript not accepted for further review
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Urbanization and climate change raise flood risk in cities, emphasizing the need for accurate building representation in flood hydrodynamic models. We examine the effects of different building representation techniques on flood modeling using the 2021 Ahr Valley flood data. We demonstrate that building representation significantly affects flood extent and flow dynamics, highlighting the need to choose the appropriate method based on model resolution for effective flood impact assessments.
Kundan Lal Shrestha, Rijan Bhakta Kayastha, and Rakesh Kayastha
Proc. IAHS, 387, 25–31, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-387-25-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-387-25-2024, 2024
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The Himalayan river basins have complex terrain and lack detailed hydrological and meteorological information. This has motivated us to develop a fast and distributed model named PyGDM to simulate the hydrology of this region, which is home to both glaciers and snow. PyGDM is good at simulating glacier and snow melt. Hence, the model is suitable for studying different aspects of the Himalayan region, such as the impact of climate change and hydropower scenarios.
Rakesh Kayastha, Rijan Bhakta Kayastha, Kundan Lal Shrestha, and Smriti Gurung
Proc. IAHS, 387, 53–58, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-387-53-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-387-53-2024, 2024
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We have estimated hydropower potential in the two glacierized river basins of the Nepalese Himalayas. The Glacio-hydrological Degree-Day Model (GDM) was used with different geospatial criteria. In order to force the model simulation and to assess potential future hydrological regimes, a variety of climate variables were combined and used. The sensitivity of climate variables and their impact on hydropower potential were investigated with a combination of different climate variables.
Dinesh Joshi, Rijan Bhakta Kayastha, Kundan Lal Shrestha, and Rakesh Kayastha
Proc. IAHS, 387, 17–24, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-387-17-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-387-17-2024, 2024
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This study explores the potential of integrating data science models to enhance the predictive capacity of a theory-guided glacier hydrological model for improved river discharge simulations in the Himalayan basins. By combining data science and physical process models, the study addresses the limitations inherent in each approach.
Chandan Sarangi, Yun Qian, L. Ruby Leung, Yang Zhang, Yufei Zou, and Yuhang Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1769–1783, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1769-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1769-2023, 2023
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We show that for air quality, the densely populated eastern US may see even larger impacts of wildfires due to long-distance smoke transport and associated positive climatic impacts, partially compensating the improvements from regulations on anthropogenic emissions. This study highlights the tension between natural and anthropogenic contributions and the non-local nature of air pollution that complicate regulatory strategies for improving future regional air quality for human health.
Chandan Sarangi, TC Chakraborty, Sachchidanand Tripathi, Mithun Krishnan, Ross Morrison, Jonathan Evans, and Lina M. Mercado
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3615–3629, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3615-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3615-2022, 2022
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Transpiration fluxes by vegetation are reduced under heat stress to conserve water. However, in situ observations over northern India show that the strength of the inverse association between transpiration and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit is weakening in the presence of heavy aerosol loading. This finding not only implicates the significant role of aerosols in modifying the evaporative fraction (EF) but also warrants an in-depth analysis of the aerosol–plant–temperature–EF continuum.
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Short summary
Despite computationally intensive high-resolution weather models, accurate spatio-temporal rainfall simulation at complex urban scales remains challenging. Using the December 2015 Chennai 1-in-100-year flood as a case study, we show that explicit aerosol representation significantly influences rainfall simulations, improving flood extent mapping by up to 50 %. Our approach resolves urban-scale aerosol microphysics and can be systematically extended to other extreme events across regions.
Despite computationally intensive high-resolution weather models, accurate spatio-temporal...
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