Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
NHESS
Articles | Volume 26, issue 5
Articles | Volume 26, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-2051-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-2051-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 26, issue 5
Research article
 | 
08 May 2026
Research article |  | 08 May 2026

The relationships between extreme winter North Atlantic extratropical cyclone hazards and modes of seasonal climate variability

Amanda C. Maycock, Christine M. McKenna, Matthew D. K. Priestley, Jacob Perez, Zhuo Li, and Julia F. Lockwood

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Latest update: 20 Jun 2026
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Short summary
Winter North Atlantic storms cause significant financial losses and damage in Europe. This study shows that modes of seasonal large-scale climate variability called the North Atlantic Oscillation and East Atlantic Pattern modulate the exposure to cyclone related extreme wind, precipitation and storm surge hazards across many parts of Europe. The results have the potential to be combined with skilful seasonal climate forecasts of climate modes to inform the insurance sector.
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