Articles | Volume 26, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-1935-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-1935-2026
Research article
 | 
29 Apr 2026
Research article |  | 29 Apr 2026

Assessing extreme total water levels across Europe for large-scale coastal flood analysis

Camila Cotrim, Alexandra Toimil, Iñigo J. Losada, Melisa Menéndez, and Hector Lobeto

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European extreme total water level Camila Cotrim et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15111960

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Short summary
Coastal storms place millions of people and infrastructures at risk. For this reason, we propose a method to estimate extreme total water levels in a consistent way across Europe, as this is the main indicator for coastal flooding. We consider local variations in tides, storm surges, waves, and beach slopes. We found that parts of Europe are affected differently, with tides being important on the Atlantic coast, storm surges in the Baltic Sea, and waves mattering most in the Mediterranean Sea.
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