Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
NHESS
Articles | Volume 25, issue 12
Articles | Volume 25, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-4921-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-4921-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 25, issue 12
Research article
 | 
11 Dec 2025
Research article |  | 11 Dec 2025

Influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on annual spatio-temporal lightning clusters in western and central Europe

Markus Augenstein, Susanna Mohr, and Michael Kunz

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Short summary
A grid-based analysis of lightning in Europe shows a reduction in thunderstorm activity in many regions. Moving away from a grid-based analysis, a spatio-temporal clustering algorithm was used. The results show a slight trend towards the occurrence of smaller, more separated convective clustered events, suggesting changes in the organization of convective systems. One reason for this could be the increased occurrence of the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation in the last decade.
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