Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
NHESS
Articles | Volume 25, issue 8
Articles | Volume 25, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2885-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2885-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 25, issue 8
Research article
 | Highlight paper
 | 
27 Aug 2025
Research article | Highlight paper |  | 27 Aug 2025

Impact-based temporal clustering of multiple meteorological hazard types in southwestern Germany

Katharina Küpfer, Alexandre Tuel, and Michael Kunz

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Latest update: 08 Oct 2025
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This study uses insurance loss data to examine how different types of extreme weather—such as floods, heavy rain, windstorms, and hail—occur together. It finds that multiple hazards often cluster seasonally, leading to higher losses than when events happen alone. The results highlight the need to assess multiple weather extremes jointly to better understand and manage risk.
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Short summary
Using loss data, we assess when and how single and multiple types of meteorological extremes (river floods and heavy rainfall events, windstorms and convective gusts, and hail) are related. We find that the combination of several types of hazards clusters robustly on a seasonal scale, whereas only some single hazard types occur in clusters. This can be associated with higher losses compared to isolated events. We argue for the relevance of jointly considering multiple types of hazards.
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