Articles | Volume 25, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2731-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2731-2025
Research article
 | 
15 Aug 2025
Research article |  | 15 Aug 2025

Cities near volcanoes: which cities are most exposed to volcanic hazards?

Elinor S. Meredith, Rui Xue Natalie Teng, Susanna F. Jenkins, Josh L. Hayes, Sébastien Biass, and Heather Handley

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Cited articles

Alberico, I., Petrosino, P., and Lirer, L.: Volcanic hazard and risk assessment in a multi-source volcanic area: the example of Napoli city (Southern Italy), Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1057–1070, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-1057-2011, 2011. 
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Aspinall, W., Auker, M., Hincks, T., Mahony, S., Nadim, F., Pooley, J., Sparks, R.S.J., and Syre, E.: Volcano hazard and exposure in GFDRR priority countries and risk mitigation measures – GFDRR Volcano Risk Study, The World Bank, Washington DC, 309 pp., https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/volcano-hazard-and-exposure-in-track-ii-countries-and-risk-mitiga (last access: 8 July 2025), 2011. 
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Biass, S., Jenkins, S. F., Hayes, J. L., Williams, G. T., Meredith, E. S., Tennant, E., Yang, Q., Lerner, G. A., Burgos, V., Syarifuddin, M., and Verolino, A.: How well do concentric radii approximate population exposure to volcanic hazards?, B. Volcanol., 86, 3, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-023-01686-5, 2024. 
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Short summary
Cities near volcanoes expose populations to hazards. We ranked 1106 cities by population exposed to volcanoes within < 100 km, nearest distance, and number of nearby volcanoes. Bandung ranks highest, with ~8 M exposed within < 30 km of 12 volcanoes. Jakarta leads populations exposed within <100 km (~38 M). Central America has the highest proportion of city exposure, with San Salvador near 23 volcanoes. We provide a global city exposure perspective, identifying areas for localized mitigation.
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