Articles | Volume 24, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-245-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-245-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
30 Jan 2024
Research article |
| 30 Jan 2024
| 30 Jan 2024
Rain-on-snow responses to warmer Pyrenees: a sensitivity analysis using a physically based snow hydrological model
Josep Bonsoms
Department of Geography, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Campus de Aula Dei, Zaragoza, Spain
Esteban Alonso-González
Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphère (CESBIO), Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
César Deschamps-Berger
Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Campus de Aula Dei, Zaragoza, Spain
Marc Oliva
Department of Geography, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Cited
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Divergent responses of historic rain-on-snow flood extremes to a warmer climate D. Hao et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02354-6
- Climate risk of ski resorts under Mediterranean and Atlantic regimes: a comparative study of two ski resorts in the Pyrenees H. Kiashemshaki et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2026.100680
- The hydrological response of melting ephemeral snowpacks compared to winter rainfall events in a mid-mountainous Pyrenean catchment E. Nadal-Romero & J. López-Moreno https://doi.org/10.1007/s42990-024-00120-y
- Hydrological Challenges and Competing Demands in the Mediterranean Region J. Arnáez et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-025-04467-1
- Implementación y evaluación de un sistema de cámaras time-lapse para el seguimiento de la dinámica de la cubierta de hielo en pequeños lagos de alta montaña en los Pirineos (2021–2024) Ò. Alemán-Milán https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.6972
- The PIRAGUA_atmos_analysis and PIRAGUA_hydro_analysis: Water balance components data sets for the Pyrenees L. Palazón et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2026.113071
- Water balance components of the Pyrenees: A 30-year modelling study in a transboundary context S. Beguería et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103195
- Evaluating the impact of climatic changes on streamflow in headwater mountain catchments with varying human pressure. An example from the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians) A. Rajwa-Kuligiewicz & A. Bojarczuk https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.101755
- A hybrid NARX–LSTM neural network for predicting climate change impacts on snow cover area J. Hidalgo-Hidalgo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103478
- Global patterns of rain-on-snow and its impacts on runoff from past to future projections F. Maina & S. Kumar https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59855-3
- Toward more frequent winter rain-on-snow events in the Pyrenees J. Bonsoms https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.109184
- Cryosphere degradation in a changing climate J. Fernández‐Fernández et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5204
- Characterization of rain-on-snow events in the Cantabrian Mountains (1985–2020) T. Cardona-Sastre et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-026-08139-0
- Future Projections of Rain-on-Snow Floods and Their Population-Socioeconomic Exposure in the Northern Hemisphere Under Climate Change M. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18101142
- Snow cover over the Iberian mountains in km-scale global climate simulations: Evaluation and projected changes D. García-Maroto et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103755
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Divergent responses of historic rain-on-snow flood extremes to a warmer climate D. Hao et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02354-6
- Climate risk of ski resorts under Mediterranean and Atlantic regimes: a comparative study of two ski resorts in the Pyrenees H. Kiashemshaki et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2026.100680
- The hydrological response of melting ephemeral snowpacks compared to winter rainfall events in a mid-mountainous Pyrenean catchment E. Nadal-Romero & J. López-Moreno https://doi.org/10.1007/s42990-024-00120-y
- Hydrological Challenges and Competing Demands in the Mediterranean Region J. Arnáez et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-025-04467-1
- Implementación y evaluación de un sistema de cámaras time-lapse para el seguimiento de la dinámica de la cubierta de hielo en pequeños lagos de alta montaña en los Pirineos (2021–2024) Ò. Alemán-Milán https://doi.org/10.18172/cig.6972
- The PIRAGUA_atmos_analysis and PIRAGUA_hydro_analysis: Water balance components data sets for the Pyrenees L. Palazón et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2026.113071
- Water balance components of the Pyrenees: A 30-year modelling study in a transboundary context S. Beguería et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103195
- Evaluating the impact of climatic changes on streamflow in headwater mountain catchments with varying human pressure. An example from the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians) A. Rajwa-Kuligiewicz & A. Bojarczuk https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.101755
- A hybrid NARX–LSTM neural network for predicting climate change impacts on snow cover area J. Hidalgo-Hidalgo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103478
- Global patterns of rain-on-snow and its impacts on runoff from past to future projections F. Maina & S. Kumar https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59855-3
- Toward more frequent winter rain-on-snow events in the Pyrenees J. Bonsoms https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.109184
- Cryosphere degradation in a changing climate J. Fernández‐Fernández et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5204
- Characterization of rain-on-snow events in the Cantabrian Mountains (1985–2020) T. Cardona-Sastre et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-026-08139-0
- Future Projections of Rain-on-Snow Floods and Their Population-Socioeconomic Exposure in the Northern Hemisphere Under Climate Change M. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18101142
- Snow cover over the Iberian mountains in km-scale global climate simulations: Evaluation and projected changes D. García-Maroto et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103755
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 10 Aug 2026
Short summary
Climate warming is changing mountain snowpack patterns, leading in some cases to rain-on-snow (ROS) events. Here we analyzed near-present ROS and its sensitivity to climate warming across the Pyrenees. ROS increases during the coldest months of the year but decreases in the warmest months and areas under severe warming due to snow cover depletion. Faster snow ablation is anticipated in the coldest and northern slopes of the range. Relevant implications in mountain ecosystem are anticipated.
Climate warming is changing mountain snowpack patterns, leading in some cases to rain-on-snow...
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