the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Rescuing historical weather observations improves quantification of severe windstorm risks
Philip Brohan
Samantha N. Burgess
Stephen Burt
Gilbert P. Compo
Suzanne L. Gray
Ivan D. Haigh
Hans Hersbach
Kiki Kuijjer
Oscar Martínez-Alvarado
Chesley McColl
Andrew P. Schurer
Laura Slivinski
Joanne Williams
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Inaccuracies in air–sea heat fluxes severely degrade the accuracy of ocean numerical simulations. Here, we use artificial neural networks to correct air–sea heat fluxes as a function of oceanic and atmospheric state predictors. The correction successfully improves surface and subsurface ocean temperatures beyond the training period and in prediction experiments.
Coastal currents have wide implications for port activities, transport of sediments, and coral reef ecosystems; thus a deeper understanding of their characteristics is needed. We collected data on current velocities for a year using current meters at shallow waters in Singapore. The strength of the currents is primarily affected by tides and winds and generally increases during the monsoon seasons across various frequencies.
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Our results show that while both methods lead to similar conclusions for two recent weather events in Sweden, the commonly used method risks underestimating the strength of the connection between the event and changes to the climate.