Articles | Volume 22, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1519-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1519-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
04 May 2022
Research article |
| 04 May 2022
| 04 May 2022
System vulnerability to flood events and risk assessment of railway systems based on national and river basin scales in China
Weihua Zhu
School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal
University, Beijing 100875, China
Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal
University, Beijing 100875, China
Kai Liu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal
University, Beijing 100875, China
Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal
University, Beijing 100875, China
Ming Wang
School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal
University, Beijing 100875, China
Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal
University, Beijing 100875, China
Philip J. Ward
Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam,
1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Elco E. Koks
Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam,
1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Cited
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Travel time resilience of national multimodal transport systems under extreme events: A passenger-oriented framework H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2026.112256
- Assessing the resilience of international multimodal container transport networks from a perspective of temporal accessibility Y. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2026.105330
- An interpretable passenger flow risk reasoning model for urban rail stations based on ECMHA-BRB F. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.133356
- Assessing Railway Resilience to Meteorological Multi-Hazards: An Integrated Methodology H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2026.113268
- A nation-wide classification of the Italian Railway Network susceptibility to flood hazard G. Lelli et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105946
- A multi-perspective functionality loss assessment of coupled railway and airline systems under extreme events H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2023.109831
- A Systematic Literature Review of the Hybrid Methodologies in Assessing Flood Indirect Impacts on Transportation F. Jafari Shahdani et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095595
- A GIS-Based Flooding Indicator for Heavy Rainfall Hazards Along the German Railway Network: Case Study Nordrhein-Westfalen F. von den Driesch & S. Szymczak https://doi.org/10.3390/w18131533
- A comprehensive risk assessment of Chinese high-speed railways affected by multiple meteorological hazards S. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2022.100519
- Dynamics responses of railway bridges influenced by flooded ballasted tracks subjected to high-speed trains N. Kedia et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.treng.2025.100334
- Joint resilience-fairness optimization of a multi-commodity railway network under flood disruptions K. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2026.113418
- Hospital-level urban flood risk assessment and targeted strategies to increase hospital climate resilience in China: a modelling study S. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(26)00072-1
- Vulnerability analysis incorporating bus bridging strategy for large-scale railway networks under flood hazards D. Thongsuk & R. Meesit https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100470
- Amplified impacts of tropical cyclone-induced compound wind-rain hazards on high-speed rail passengers H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2025.105023
- Tornado-induced risk analysis of railway system considering the correlation of parameters C. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2024.110239
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Travel time resilience of national multimodal transport systems under extreme events: A passenger-oriented framework H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2026.112256
- Assessing the resilience of international multimodal container transport networks from a perspective of temporal accessibility Y. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2026.105330
- An interpretable passenger flow risk reasoning model for urban rail stations based on ECMHA-BRB F. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.133356
- Assessing Railway Resilience to Meteorological Multi-Hazards: An Integrated Methodology H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2026.113268
- A nation-wide classification of the Italian Railway Network susceptibility to flood hazard G. Lelli et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105946
- A multi-perspective functionality loss assessment of coupled railway and airline systems under extreme events H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2023.109831
- A Systematic Literature Review of the Hybrid Methodologies in Assessing Flood Indirect Impacts on Transportation F. Jafari Shahdani et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095595
- A GIS-Based Flooding Indicator for Heavy Rainfall Hazards Along the German Railway Network: Case Study Nordrhein-Westfalen F. von den Driesch & S. Szymczak https://doi.org/10.3390/w18131533
- A comprehensive risk assessment of Chinese high-speed railways affected by multiple meteorological hazards S. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2022.100519
- Dynamics responses of railway bridges influenced by flooded ballasted tracks subjected to high-speed trains N. Kedia et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.treng.2025.100334
- Joint resilience-fairness optimization of a multi-commodity railway network under flood disruptions K. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2026.113418
- Hospital-level urban flood risk assessment and targeted strategies to increase hospital climate resilience in China: a modelling study S. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(26)00072-1
- Vulnerability analysis incorporating bus bridging strategy for large-scale railway networks under flood hazards D. Thongsuk & R. Meesit https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100470
- Amplified impacts of tropical cyclone-induced compound wind-rain hazards on high-speed rail passengers H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2025.105023
- Tornado-induced risk analysis of railway system considering the correlation of parameters C. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2024.110239
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 25 Oct 2026
Short summary
We present a simulation framework to analyse the system vulnerability and risk of the Chinese railway system to floods. To do so, we develop a method for generating flood events at both the national and river basin scale. Results show flood system vulnerability and risk of the railway system are spatially heterogeneous. The event-based approach shows how we can identify critical hotspots, taking the first steps in developing climate-resilient infrastructure.
We present a simulation framework to analyse the system vulnerability and risk of the Chinese...
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