Articles | Volume 21, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3031-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3031-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
13 Oct 2021
Research article |
| 13 Oct 2021
| 13 Oct 2021
Residential building stock modelling for mainland China targeted for seismic risk assessment
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science
and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province,
China
Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology (CEDIM), Geophysical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstrasse
16, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
James Edward Daniell
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology (CEDIM), Geophysical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstrasse
16, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
The General Sir John Monash
Foundation, Level 5, 30 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
Hing-Ho Tsang
Centre for Sustainable Infrastructure, Swinburne University of
Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, 3122, Australia
Friedemann Wenzel
Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology (CEDIM), Geophysical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstrasse
16, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
Related authors
Danhua Xin, James Edward Daniell, Zhenguo Zhang, Friedemann Wenzel, Shaun Shuxun Wang, and Xiaofei Chen
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-138, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-138, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
A high-resolution fixed asset model can help improve the accuracy of earthquake loss assessment. We develop a grid-level fixed asset model for China from 1951 to 2020. We first compile the provincial-level fixed asset from yearbook-related statistics. Then, this dataset is disaggregated into 1 km*1 km grids by using multiple remote sensing data as the weight indicator. We find that fixed asset value increased rapidly after the 1980s and reached 589.31 trillion Chinese yuan in 2020.
Danhua Xin, James Edward Daniell, and Friedemann Wenzel
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 643–672, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-643-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-643-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Field surveys after major disastrous earthquakes have shown that poor performance of buildings in earthquake-affected areas is the leading cause of human fatalities and economic losses. The evaluation of seismic fragility for existing building stocks has become a crucial issue due to the frequent occurrence of earthquakes in the last decades. This study conducts such a comprehensive review for mainland China and aims to better serve the natural disaster prevention and mitigation cause in China.
Danhua Xin, James Edward Daniell, Hing-Ho Tsang, and Friedemann Wenzel
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2019-385, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2019-385, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
A grid-level residential building stock model (in terms of floor area and replacement value) targeted for seismic risk analysis for mainland China is developed by using census and population density data. Comparison with previous studies and yearbook records indicates the reliability of our model. The model is flexible for updates when more detailed census or statistics data are available, and it can be conveniently combined with hazard data and vulnerability information for risk assessment.
Danhua Xin, James Edward Daniell, and Friedemann Wenzel
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2018-254, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2018-254, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Field surveys after major disastrous earthquakes have shown that poor performance of buildings in earthquake affected areas is the leading cause of human fatalities and economic losses. The evaluation of seismic fragility for existing building stocks has become a crucial issue due to the frequent occurrence of earthquakes in the last decades. They are required for the estimation of fatalities and monetary losses due to structural damage in destructive natural disasters like earthquakes.
Danhua Xin, James Edward Daniell, Zhenguo Zhang, Friedemann Wenzel, Shaun Shuxun Wang, and Xiaofei Chen
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-138, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-138, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
A high-resolution fixed asset model can help improve the accuracy of earthquake loss assessment. We develop a grid-level fixed asset model for China from 1951 to 2020. We first compile the provincial-level fixed asset from yearbook-related statistics. Then, this dataset is disaggregated into 1 km*1 km grids by using multiple remote sensing data as the weight indicator. We find that fixed asset value increased rapidly after the 1980s and reached 589.31 trillion Chinese yuan in 2020.
Patrick Ludwig, Florian Ehmele, Mário J. Franca, Susanna Mohr, Alberto Caldas-Alvarez, James E. Daniell, Uwe Ehret, Hendrik Feldmann, Marie Hundhausen, Peter Knippertz, Katharina Küpfer, Michael Kunz, Bernhard Mühr, Joaquim G. Pinto, Julian Quinting, Andreas M. Schäfer, Frank Seidel, and Christina Wisotzky
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1287–1311, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1287-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1287-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Heavy precipitation in July 2021 led to widespread floods in western Germany and neighboring countries. The event was among the five heaviest precipitation events of the past 70 years in Germany, and the river discharges exceeded by far the statistical 100-year return values. Simulations of the event under future climate conditions revealed a strong and non-linear effect on flood peaks: for +2 K global warming, an 18 % increase in rainfall led to a 39 % increase of the flood peak in the Ahr river.
Susanna Mohr, Uwe Ehret, Michael Kunz, Patrick Ludwig, Alberto Caldas-Alvarez, James E. Daniell, Florian Ehmele, Hendrik Feldmann, Mário J. Franca, Christian Gattke, Marie Hundhausen, Peter Knippertz, Katharina Küpfer, Bernhard Mühr, Joaquim G. Pinto, Julian Quinting, Andreas M. Schäfer, Marc Scheibel, Frank Seidel, and Christina Wisotzky
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 525–551, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-525-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-525-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The flood event in July 2021 was one of the most severe disasters in Europe in the last half century. The objective of this two-part study is a multi-disciplinary assessment that examines the complex process interactions in different compartments, from meteorology to hydrological conditions to hydro-morphological processes to impacts on assets and environment. In addition, we address the question of what measures are possible to generate added value to early response management.
Philip J. Ward, James Daniell, Melanie Duncan, Anna Dunne, Cédric Hananel, Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler, Annegien Tijssen, Silvia Torresan, Roxana Ciurean, Joel C. Gill, Jana Sillmann, Anaïs Couasnon, Elco Koks, Noemi Padrón-Fumero, Sharon Tatman, Marianne Tronstad Lund, Adewole Adesiyun, Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts, Alexander Alabaster, Bernard Bulder, Carlos Campillo Torres, Andrea Critto, Raúl Hernández-Martín, Marta Machado, Jaroslav Mysiak, Rene Orth, Irene Palomino Antolín, Eva-Cristina Petrescu, Markus Reichstein, Timothy Tiggeloven, Anne F. Van Loon, Hung Vuong Pham, and Marleen C. de Ruiter
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1487–1497, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1487-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1487-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The majority of natural-hazard risk research focuses on single hazards (a flood, a drought, a volcanic eruption, an earthquake, etc.). In the international research and policy community it is recognised that risk management could benefit from a more systemic approach. In this perspective paper, we argue for an approach that addresses multi-hazard, multi-risk management through the lens of sustainability challenges that cut across sectors, regions, and hazards.
Jens A. de Bruijn, James E. Daniell, Antonios Pomonis, Rashmin Gunasekera, Joshua Macabuag, Marleen C. de Ruiter, Siem Jan Koopman, Nadia Bloemendaal, Hans de Moel, and Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2020-282, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2020-282, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Following hurricanes and other natural hazards, it is important to quickly estimate the damage caused by the hazard such that recovery aid can be granted from organizations such as the European Union and the World Bank. To do so, it is important to estimate the vulnerability of buildings to the hazards. In this research, we use post-disaster observations from social media to improve these vulnerability assessments and show its application in the Bahamas following Hurricane Dorian.
Philip J. Ward, Veit Blauhut, Nadia Bloemendaal, James E. Daniell, Marleen C. de Ruiter, Melanie J. Duncan, Robert Emberson, Susanna F. Jenkins, Dalia Kirschbaum, Michael Kunz, Susanna Mohr, Sanne Muis, Graeme A. Riddell, Andreas Schäfer, Thomas Stanley, Ted I. E. Veldkamp, and Hessel C. Winsemius
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1069–1096, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1069-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1069-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We review the scientific literature on natural hazard risk assessments at the global scale. In doing so, we examine similarities and differences between the approaches taken across the different hazards and identify potential ways in which different hazard communities can learn from each other. Finally, we discuss opportunities for learning from methods and approaches being developed and applied to assess natural hazard risks at more continental or regional scales.
Danhua Xin, James Edward Daniell, and Friedemann Wenzel
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 643–672, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-643-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-643-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Field surveys after major disastrous earthquakes have shown that poor performance of buildings in earthquake-affected areas is the leading cause of human fatalities and economic losses. The evaluation of seismic fragility for existing building stocks has become a crucial issue due to the frequent occurrence of earthquakes in the last decades. This study conducts such a comprehensive review for mainland China and aims to better serve the natural disaster prevention and mitigation cause in China.
Danhua Xin, James Edward Daniell, Hing-Ho Tsang, and Friedemann Wenzel
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2019-385, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2019-385, 2020
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
A grid-level residential building stock model (in terms of floor area and replacement value) targeted for seismic risk analysis for mainland China is developed by using census and population density data. Comparison with previous studies and yearbook records indicates the reliability of our model. The model is flexible for updates when more detailed census or statistics data are available, and it can be conveniently combined with hazard data and vulnerability information for risk assessment.
Danhua Xin, James Edward Daniell, and Friedemann Wenzel
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2018-254, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2018-254, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Field surveys after major disastrous earthquakes have shown that poor performance of buildings in earthquake affected areas is the leading cause of human fatalities and economic losses. The evaluation of seismic fragility for existing building stocks has become a crucial issue due to the frequent occurrence of earthquakes in the last decades. They are required for the estimation of fatalities and monetary losses due to structural damage in destructive natural disasters like earthquakes.
Marleen C. de Ruiter, Philip J. Ward, James E. Daniell, and Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1231–1251, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1231-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1231-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides cross-discipline lessons for earthquake and flood vulnerability assessment methods by comparing indicators used in both fields. It appears that there is potential for improvement of these methods that can be obtained for both earthquake and flood vulnerability assessment indicators. This increased understanding is beneficial for both scientists as well as practitioners working with earthquake and/or flood vulnerability assessment methods.
David Piper, Michael Kunz, Florian Ehmele, Susanna Mohr, Bernhard Mühr, Andreas Kron, and James Daniell
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2835–2850, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2835-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2835-2016, 2016
M. Kunz, B. Mühr, T. Kunz-Plapp, J. E. Daniell, B. Khazai, F. Wenzel, M. Vannieuwenhuyse, T. Comes, F. Elmer, K. Schröter, J. Fohringer, T. Münzberg, C. Lucas, and J. Zschau
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2579–2598, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-2579-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-2579-2013, 2013
J. E. Daniell, B. Khazai, and F. Wenzel
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-1913-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-1913-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Related subject area
Risk Assessment, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies, Socioeconomic and Management Aspects
Enhancement of state response capability and famine mitigation: a comparative analysis of two drought events in northern China during the Ming dynasty
Flood exposure of environmental assets
A new method for calculating highway blocking due to high-impact weather conditions
Impacts from cascading multi-hazards using hypergraphs: a case study from the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal
Review article: Insuring the green economy against natural hazards – charting research frontiers in vulnerability assessment
Ready, Set & Go! An anticipatory action system against droughts
Between global risk reduction goals, scientific–technical capabilities and local realities: a modular approach for user-centric multi-risk assessment
Flood risk assessment through large-scale modeling under uncertainty
Migration as a hidden risk factor in seismic fatality: spatial modeling of the Chi-Chi earthquake and suburban syndrome
Simulating the effects of sea level rise and soil salinization on adaptation and migration decisions in Mozambique
Current status of water-related planning for climate change adaptation in the Spree river basin, Germany
Using a convection-permitting climate model to assess wine grape productivity: two case studies in Italy
Volcanic risk ranking and regional mapping of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes
Assessing the impact of early warning and evacuation on human losses during the 2021 Ahr Valley flood in Germany using agent-based modelling
Development of a regionally consistent and fully probabilistic earthquake risk model for Central Asia
Critical infrastructure resilience: a guide for building indicator systems based on a multi-criteria framework with a focus on implementable actions
Where to start with climate-smart forest management? Climatic risk for forest-based mitigation
Dynamic response of pile–slab retaining wall structure under rockfall impact
Urban growth and spatial segregation increase disaster risk: lessons learned from the 2023 disaster on the North Coast of São Paulo, Brazil
Content Analysis of Multi-Annual Time Series of Flood-Related Twitter (X) Data
An impact-chain-based exploration of multi-hazard vulnerability dynamics: the multi-hazard of floods and the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania
Always on my mind: indications of post-traumatic stress disorder among those affected by the 2021 flood event in the Ahr valley, Germany
Earthquake insurance in Iran: solvency of local insurers in light of current market practices
Micro-business participation in collective flood adaptation: lessons from scenario-based analysis in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Brief communication: Storm Daniel flood impact in Greece in 2023: mapping crop and livestock exposure from synthetic-aperture radar (SAR)
Unravelling the capacity-action gap in flood risk adaptation
Risk reduction through managed retreat? Investigating enabling conditions and assessing resettlement effects on community resilience in Metro Manila
Brief communication: Lessons learned and experiences gained from building up a global survey on societal resilience to changing droughts
Regional seismic risk assessment based on ground conditions in Uzbekistan
Unveiling transboundary challenges in river flood risk management: learning from the Ciliwung River basin
Quantitative study of storm surge risk assessment in an undeveloped coastal area of China based on deep learning and geographic information system techniques: a case study of Double Moon Bay
Mapping vulnerability to climate change for spatial planning in the region of Stuttgart
Adaptive Behavior of Over a Million Individual Farmers Under Consecutive Droughts: A Large-Scale Agent-Based Modeling Analysis in the Bhima Basin, India
Multisectoral analysis of drought impacts and management responses to the 2008–2015 record drought in the Colorado Basin, Texas
Simulating multi-hazard event sets for life cycle consequence analysis
Analysis of the effects of urban micro-scale vulnerabilities on tsunami evacuation using an agent-based model – case study in the city of Iquique, Chile
Factors of influence on flood risk perceptions related to Hurricane Dorian: an assessment of heuristics, time dynamics, and accuracy of risk perceptions
From insufficient rainfall to livelihoods: understanding the cascade of drought impacts and policy implications
Anticipating a risky future: long short-term memory (LSTM) models for spatiotemporal extrapolation of population data in areas prone to earthquakes and tsunamis in Lima, Peru
A new regionally consistent exposure database for Central Asia: population and residential buildings
Study on seismic risk assessment model of water supply systems in mainland China
Mapping current and future flood exposure using a 5 m flood model and climate change projections
Brief communication: On the environmental impacts of the 2023 floods in Emilia-Romagna (Italy)
A regional-scale approach to assessing non-residential building, transportation and cropland exposure in Central Asia
Towards a global impact-based forecasting model for tropical cyclones
Individual Flood Risk Adaptation in Germany: Exploring the Role of Different Types of Flooding
Identifying vulnerable populations in urban society: a case study in a flood-prone district of Wuhan, China
An assessment of potential improvements in social capital, risk awareness, and preparedness from digital technologies
Spatial accessibility of emergency medical services under inclement weather: a case study in Beijing, China
Review article: Current approaches and critical issues in multi-risk recovery planning of urban areas exposed to natural hazards
Fangyu Tian, Yun Su, Xudong Chen, and Le Tao
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 591–607, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-591-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-591-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study developed a model of extreme drought-induced famine processes and response mechanisms in ancient China. The spatial distribution of drought and famine during the Chenghua drought and the Wanli drought was constructed. By categorizing drought-affected counties into three types, a comparative analysis of the differences in famine severity and response effectiveness between the Chenghua and Wanli droughts was conducted.
Gabriele Bertoli, Chiara Arrighi, and Enrica Caporali
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 565–580, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-565-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-565-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Environmental assets are crucial to sustaining and fulfilling life on Earth via ecosystem services (ESs). Studying their flood risk is thus seminal, in addition to being required by several norms. However, this field is not yet adequately developed. We studied the exposure component of flood risk and developed an evaluating methodology based on the ESs provided by environmental assets to discern assets and areas that are more important than others with metrics suitable to large-scale studies.
Duanyang Liu, Tian Jing, Mingyue Yan, Ismail Gultepe, Yunxuan Bao, Hongbin Wang, and Fan Zu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 493–513, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-493-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-493-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Highway-blocking events are characterized by diurnal variation. A classification method of severity levels of highway blocking is catagorized into five levels. The severity levels of highway blocking due to high-impact weather are evaluated. A method for calculating the degree of highway load in China is proposed. A quantitative assessment of the losses of highway blocking due to dense fog is conducted. The highway losses caused by dense fog are concentrated in North, East, and Southwest China.
Alexandre Dunant, Tom R. Robinson, Alexander L. Densmore, Nick J. Rosser, Ragindra Man Rajbhandari, Mark Kincey, Sihan Li, Prem Raj Awasthi, Max Van Wyk de Vries, Ramesh Guragain, Erin Harvey, and Simon Dadson
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 267–285, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-267-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-267-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Natural hazards like earthquakes often trigger other disasters, such as landslides, creating complex chains of impacts. We developed a risk model using a mathematical approach called hypergraphs to efficiently measure the impact of interconnected hazards. We showed that it can predict broad patterns of damage to buildings and roads from the 2015 Nepal earthquake. The model's efficiency allows it to generate multiple disaster scenarios, even at a national scale, to support preparedness plans.
Harikesan Baskaran, Ioanna Ioannou, Tiziana Rossetto, Jonas Cels, Mathis Joffrain, Nicolas Mortegoutte, Aurelie Fallon Saint-Lo, and Catalina Spataru
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 49–76, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-49-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-49-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
There is a global need for insuring green economy assets against natural hazard events. But their complexity and low exposure history mean the data required for vulnerability evaluation by the insurance industry are scarce. A systematic literature review is conducted in this study to determine the suitability of current published literature for this purpose. Knowledge gaps are charted, and a representative asset–hazard taxonomy is proposed to guide future quantitative research.
Gabriela Guimarães Nobre, Jamie Towner, Bernardino Nhantumbo, Célio João da Conceição Marcos Matuele, Isaias Raiva, Massimiliano Pasqui, Sara Quaresima, and Rogério Manuel Lemos Pereira Bonifácio
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4661–4682, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4661-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4661-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The
Ready, Set & Go!system, developed by the World Food Programme and partners, employs seasonal forecasts to tackle droughts in Mozambique. With the Maputo Declaration, efforts to expand early warning systems are aligning with global initiatives for universal protection by 2027. Through advanced forecasting and anticipatory action, it could cover 76 % of districts against severe droughts, reaching 87 % national coverage for the first months of the rainy season.
Elisabeth Schoepfer, Jörn Lauterjung, Torsten Riedlinger, Harald Spahn, Juan Camilo Gómez Zapata, Christian D. León, Hugo Rosero-Velásquez, Sven Harig, Michael Langbein, Nils Brinckmann, Günter Strunz, Christian Geiß, and Hannes Taubenböck
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4631–4660, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4631-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4631-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we provide a brief introduction of the paradigm shift from managing disasters to managing risks, followed by single-hazard to multi-risk assessment. We highlight four global strategies that address disaster risk reduction and call for action. Subsequently, we present a conceptual approach for multi-risk assessment which was designed to serve potential users like disaster risk managers, urban planners or operators of critical infrastructure to increase their capabilities.
Luciano Pavesi, Elena Volpi, and Aldo Fiori
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4507–4522, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4507-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4507-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Several sources of uncertainty affect flood risk estimation for reliable assessment for investment, insurance and risk management. Here, we consider the uncertainty of large-scale flood hazard modeling, providing a range of risk values that show significant variability depending on geomorphic factors and land use types. This allows for identifying the critical points where single-value estimates may underestimate the risk and the areas of vulnerability for prioritizing risk reduction efforts.
Tzu-Hsin Karen Chen, Kuan-Hui Elaine Lin, Thung-Hong Lin, Gee-Yu Liu, Chin-Hsun Yeh, and Diana Maria Ceballos
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4457–4471, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4457-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4457-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows migration patterns to be a critical factor in seismic fatalities. Analyzing the Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, we find that lower income and a higher indigenous population at migrants' origins are correlated with higher fatalities at their destinations. This underscores the need for affordable and safe housing on the outskirts of megacities, where migrants from lower-income and historically marginalized groups are more likely to reside due to precarious employment conditions.
Kushagra Pandey, Jens A. de Bruijn, Hans de Moel, W. J. Wouter Botzen, and Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4409–4429, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4409-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4409-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
As sea levels rise, coastal areas will experience more frequent flooding, and salt water will start seeping into the soil, which is a serious issue for farmers who rely on good soil quality for their crops. Here, we studied coastal Mozambique to understand the risks from sea level rise and flooding by looking at how salt intrusion affects farming and how floods damage buildings. We find that 15 %–21 % of coastal households will adapt and 13 %–20 % will migrate to inland areas in the future.
Saskia Arndt and Stefan Heiland
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4369–4383, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4369-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4369-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides an overview of the current status of climate change adaptation in plans for water management, spatial planning and landscape planning in the Spree river basin. Only 39 % of 28 plans analysed specify objectives and measures for adaptation to climate change. To fill this gap, more frequent updates of plans, a stronger focus on multifunctional measures, and the adaptation of best-practice examples for systematic integration of climate change impacts and adaptation are needed.
Laura T. Massano, Giorgia Fosser, Marco Gaetani, and Cécile Caillaud
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4293–4315, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4293-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4293-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Traditional wine-growing regions are threatened by expected climate change. Climate models and observations are used to calculate bioclimatic indices based on both temperature and precipitation. These indices are correlated with grape productivity in two wine-growing regions in Italy. This analysis paves the way for using climate models to study how climate change will affect wine production in the future.
María-Paz Reyes-Hardy, Luigia Sara Di Maio, Lucia Dominguez, Corine Frischknecht, Sébastien Biass, Leticia Freitas Guimarães, Amiel Nieto-Torres, Manuela Elissondo, Gabriela Pedreros, Rigoberto Aguilar, Álvaro Amigo, Sebastián García, Pablo Forte, and Costanza Bonadonna
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4267–4291, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4267-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4267-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes (CVZA) spans four countries with 59 volcanoes. We identify those with the most intense and frequent eruptions and the highest potential impact that require risk mitigation actions. Using multiple risk factors, we encourage the use of regional volcanic risk assessments to analyse the level of preparedness especially of transboundary volcanoes. We hope that our work will motivate further collaborative studies and promote cooperation between CVZA countries.
André Felipe Rocha Silva, Julian Cardoso Eleutério, Heiko Apel, and Heidi Kreibich
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-183, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-183, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
This work uses agent-based modelling to evaluate the impact of flood warning and evacuation systems on human losses during the 2021 Ahr Valley flood in Germany. While the first flood warning with evacuation instructions is identified as timely, its lack of detail and effectiveness resulted in low public risk awareness. Better dissemination of warnings and improved risk perception and preparedness among the population could reduce casualties by up to 80 %.
Mario A. Salgado-Gálvez, Mario Ordaz, Benjamín Huerta, Osvaldo Garay, Carlos Avelar, Ettore Fagà, Mohsen Kohrangi, Paola Ceresa, Georgios Triantafyllou, and Ulugbek T. Begaliev
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3851–3868, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3851-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3851-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Central Asia is prone to earthquake losses, which can heavily impact different types of assets. This paper presents the details of a probabilistic earthquake risk model which made use of a regionally consistent approach to assess feasible earthquake losses in five countries. Results are presented in terms of commonly used risk metrics, which are aimed at facilitating a policy dialogue regarding different disaster risk management strategies, from risk mitigation to disaster risk financing.
Zhuyu Yang, Bruno Barroca, Ahmed Mebarki, Katia Laffréchine, Hélène Dolidon, and Lionel Lilas
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3723–3753, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3723-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3723-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To integrate resilience assessment into practical management, this study designs a step-by-step guide that enables managers of critical infrastructure (CI) to create specific indicator systems tailored to real cases. This guide considers the consequences of hazards to CI and the cost–benefit analysis and side effects of implementable actions. The assessment results assist managers, as they are based on a multi-criterion framework that addresses several factors valued in practical management.
Natalie Piazza, Luca Malanchini, Edoardo Nevola, and Giorgio Vacchiano
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3579–3595, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3579-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3579-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Natural disturbances are projected to intensify in the future, threatening our forests and their functions such as wood production, protection against natural hazards, and carbon sequestration. By assessing risks to forests from wind and fire damage, alongside the vulnerability of carbon, it is possible to prioritize forest stands at high risk. In this study, we propose a novel methodological approach to support climate-smart forest management and inform better decision-making.
Peng Zou, Gang Luo, Yuzhang Bi, and Hanhua Xu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3497–3517, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3497-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3497-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The pile–slab retaining wall, an innovative rockfall shield, is widely used in China's western mountains. However, its dynamic impact response and resistance remain unclear due to structural complexity. A comprehensive dynamic analysis of the structure, under various impacts, was done using the finite-element method. The maximum impact energy that the structure can withstand is 905 kJ, and various indexes were obtained.
Cassiano Bastos Moroz and Annegret H. Thieken
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3299–3314, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3299-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-3299-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the influence of urban processes on the impacts of the 2023 disaster that hit the North Coast of São Paulo, Brazil. The impacts of the disaster were largely associated with rapid urban expansion over the last 3 decades, with a recent occupation of risky areas. Moreover, lower-income neighborhoods were considerably more severely impacted, which evidences their increased exposure to such events. These results highlight the strong association between disaster risk and urban poverty.
Nadja Veigel, Heidi Kreibich, Jens A. de Bruijn, Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts, and Andrea Cominola
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2556, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2556, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how social media, specifically Twitter (X), can help understand public reactions to floods in Germany from 2014 to 2021. Using large language models, we extract topics and patterns of behavior from flood-related tweets. The findings offer insights to improve communication and disaster management. Topics related to low-impact flooding contain descriptive hazard-related content, while the focus shifts to catastrophic impacts and responsibilities during high-impact events.
Andra-Cosmina Albulescu and Iuliana Armaș
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2895–2922, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2895-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2895-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study delves into the dynamics of vulnerability within a multi-hazard context, proposing an enhanced impact-chain-based framework that analyses the augmentation of vulnerability. The case study refers to the flood events and the COVID-19 pandemic that affected Romania (2020–2021). The impact chain shows that (1) the unforeseen implications of impacts, (2) the wrongful action of adaptation options, and (3) inaction can form the basis for increased vulnerability.
Marie-Luise Zenker, Philip Bubeck, and Annegret H. Thieken
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2837–2856, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2837-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2837-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the visible flood damage, mental health is a growing concern. Yet, there is limited data in Germany on mental health impacts after floods. A survey in a heavily affected region revealed that 28 % of respondents showed signs of post-traumatic stress disorder 1 year later. Risk factors include gender, serious injury or illness due to flooding, and feeling left alone to cope with impacts. The study highlights the need for tailored mental health support for flood-affected populations.
Mohsen Ghafory-Ashtiany and Hooman Motamed
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2707–2726, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2707-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2707-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Iranian insurers have been offering earthquake coverage since the 1990s. However, despite international best practices, they still do not use modern methods for risk pricing and management. As such, they seem to be accumulating seismic risk over time. This paper examines the viability of this market in Iran by comparing the local market practices with international best practices in earthquake risk pricing (catastrophe modeling) and insurance risk management (European Solvency II regime).
Javier Revilla Diez, Roxana Leitold, Van Tran, and Matthias Garschagen
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2425–2440, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2425-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2425-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Micro-businesses, often overlooked in adaptation research, show surprising willingness to contribute to collective adaptation despite limited finances and local support. Based on a study in Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam, approximately 70 % are ready for awareness campaigns, and 39 % would provide financial support if costs were shared. These findings underscore the need for increased involvement of micro-businesses in local adaptation plans to enhance collective adaptive capacity.
Kang He, Qing Yang, Xinyi Shen, Elias Dimitriou, Angeliki Mentzafou, Christina Papadaki, Maria Stoumboudi, and Emmanouil N. Anagnostou
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2375–2382, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2375-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2375-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
About 820 km2 of agricultural land was inundated in central Greece due to Storm Daniel. A detailed analysis revealed that the crop most affected by the flooding was cotton; the inundated area of more than 282 km2 comprised ~ 30 % of the total area planted with cotton in central Greece. In terms of livestock, we estimate that more than 14 000 ornithoids and 21 500 sheep and goats were affected. Consequences for agriculture and animal husbandry in Greece are expected to be severe.
Annika Schubert, Anne von Streit, and Matthias Garschagen
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-121, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-121, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
Households play a crucial role in climate adaptation efforts. Yet, households require capacities to implement measures. We explore which capacities enable German households to adapt to flooding. Our results indicate that flood-related capacities such as risk perception, responsibility appraisal and motivation are pivotal, whereas financial assets are secondary. Enhancing these specific capacities, e.g. through collaborations between households and municipalities, could promote local adaptation.
Hannes Lauer, Carmeli Marie C. Chaves, Evelyn Lorenzo, Sonia Islam, and Jörn Birkmann
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2243–2261, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2243-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2243-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In many urban areas, people face high exposure to hazards. Resettling them to safer locations becomes a major strategy, not least because of climate change. This paper dives into the success factors of government-led resettlement in Manila and finds surprising results which challenge the usual narrative and fuel the conversation on resettlement as an adaptation strategy. Contrary to expectations, the location – whether urban or rural – of the new home is less important than safety from floods.
Marina Batalini de Macedo, Marcos Roberto Benso, Karina Simone Sass, Eduardo Mario Mendiondo, Greicelene Jesus da Silva, Pedro Gustavo Câmara da Silva, Elisabeth Shrimpton, Tanaya Sarmah, Da Huo, Michael Jacobson, Abdullah Konak, Nazmiye Balta-Ozkan, and Adelaide Cassia Nardocci
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2165–2173, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2165-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2165-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
With climate change, societies increasingly need to adapt to deal with more severe droughts and the impacts they can have on food production. To make better adaptation decisions, drought resilience indicators can be used. To build these indicators, surveys with experts can be done. However, designing surveys is a costly process that can influence how experts respond. In this communication, we aim to deal with the challenges encountered in the development of surveys to help further research.
Vakhitkhan Alikhanovich Ismailov, Sharofiddin Ismatullayevich Yodgorov, Akhror Sabriddinovich Khusomiddinov, Eldor Makhmadiyorovich Yadigarov, Bekzod Uktamovich Aktamov, and Shuhrat Bakhtiyorovich Avazov
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2133–2146, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2133-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2133-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For the basis of seismic risk assessment, maps of seismic intensity increment and an improved map of seismic hazard have been developed, taking into account the engineering-geological conditions of the territory of Uzbekistan and the seismic characteristics of soils. For seismic risk map development, databases were created based on geographic information system platforms, allowing us to systematize and evaluate the regional distribution of information.
Harkunti Pertiwi Rahayu, Khonsa Indana Zulfa, Dewi Nurhasanah, Richard Haigh, Dilanthi Amaratunga, and In In Wahdiny
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2045–2064, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2045-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2045-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Transboundary flood risk management in the Ciliwung River basin is placed in a broader context of disaster management, environmental science, and governance. This is particularly relevant for areas of research involving the management of shared water resources, the impact of regional development on flood risk, and strategies to reduce economic losses from flooding.
Lichen Yu, Hao Qin, Shining Huang, Wei Wei, Haoyu Jiang, and Lin Mu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2003–2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2003-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2003-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper proposes a quantitative storm surge risk assessment method for data-deficient regions. A coupled model is used to simulate five storm surge scenarios. Deep learning is used to extract building footprints. Economic losses are calculated by combining adjusted depth–damage functions with inundation simulation results. Zoning maps illustrate risk levels based on economic losses, aiding in disaster prevention measures to reduce losses in coastal areas.
Joanna M. McMillan, Franziska Göttsche, Joern Birkmann, Rainer Kapp, Corinna Schmidt, Britta Weisser, and Ali Jamshed
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1407, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1407, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Adapting to climate extremes is a challenge for spatial planning. Risk maps that include not just a consideration of hazards but also social vulnerability can help. We develop social vulnerability maps for the Stuttgart region, Germany. We show the maps, describe how and why we developed them, and provide an analysis of practitioners’ needs and their feedback. Insights presented in this paper can help to improve map usability and to better link research and planning practice.
Maurice W. M. L. Kalthof, Jens de Bruijn, Hans de Moel, Heidi Kreibich, and Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1588, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1588, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study explores how farmers in India's Bhima basin respond to consecutive droughts. We simulated all farmers' individual choices—like changing crops or digging wells—and their effects on profits, yields, and water resources. Results show these adaptations, while improving incomes, ultimately increase drought vulnerability and damages. Such insights emphasize the need for alternative adaptations and highlight the value of socio-hydrology models in shaping policies to lessen drought impacts.
Stephen B. Ferencz, Ning Sun, Sean W. D. Turner, Brian A. Smith, and Jennie S. Rice
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1871–1896, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1871-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1871-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Drought has long posed an existential threat to society. Population growth, economic development, and the potential for more extreme and prolonged droughts due to climate change pose significant water security challenges. Better understanding the impacts and adaptive responses resulting from extreme drought can aid adaptive planning. The 2008–2015 record drought in the Colorado Basin, Texas, United States, is used as a case study to assess impacts and responses to severe drought.
Leandro Iannacone, Kenneth Otárola, Roberto Gentile, and Carmine Galasso
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1721–1740, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1721-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1721-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a review of the available classifications for hazard interactions in a multi-hazard context, and it incorporates such classifications from a modeling perspective. The outcome is a sequential Monte Carlo approach enabling efficient simulation of multi-hazard event sets (i.e., sequences of events throughout the life cycle). These event sets can then be integrated into frameworks for the quantification of consequences for the purposes of life cycle consequence (LCCon) analysis.
Rodrigo Cienfuegos, Gonzalo Álvarez, Jorge León, Alejandro Urrutia, and Sebastián Castro
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1485–1500, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1485-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1485-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study carries out a detailed analysis of possible tsunami evacuation scenarios in the city of Iquique in Chile. Evacuation modeling and tsunami modeling are integrated, allowing for an estimation of the potential number of people that the inundation may reach under different scenarios by emulating the dynamics and behavior of the population and their decision-making regarding the starting time of the evacuation.
Laurine A. de Wolf, Peter J. Robinson, W. J. Wouter Botzen, Toon Haer, Jantsje M. Mol, and Jeffrey Czajkowski
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1303–1318, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1303-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1303-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
An understanding of flood risk perceptions may aid in improving flood risk communication. We conducted a survey among 871 coastal residents in Florida who were threatened to be flooded by Hurricane Dorian. Part of the original sample was resurveyed after Dorian failed to make landfall to investigate changes in risk perception. We find a strong influence of previous flood experience and social norms on flood risk perceptions. Furthermore, flood risk perceptions declined after the near-miss event.
Louise Cavalcante, David W. Walker, Sarra Kchouk, Germano Ribeiro Neto, Taís Maria Nunes Carvalho, Mariana Madruga de Brito, Wieke Pot, Art Dewulf, and Pieter van Oel
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-650, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-650, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The research aimed to understand the role of society in mitigating drought impacts through policy responses in the context of northeast Brazil. Results revealed that socio-environmental-economic impacts of drought are less frequently reported, while hydrological impacts of drought were the most reported. It emphasized that public policies addressing the impacts of drought need to focus not only on increasing water availability, but also on strengthening the local economy.
Christian Geiß, Jana Maier, Emily So, Elisabeth Schoepfer, Sven Harig, Juan Camilo Gómez Zapata, and Yue Zhu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1051–1064, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1051-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1051-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We establish a model of future geospatial population distributions to quantify the number of people living in earthquake-prone and tsunami-prone areas of Lima and Callao, Peru, for the year 2035. Areas of high earthquake intensity will experience a population growth of almost 30 %. The population in the tsunami inundation area is estimated to grow by more than 60 %. Uncovering those relations can help urban planners and policymakers to develop effective risk mitigation strategies.
Chiara Scaini, Alberto Tamaro, Baurzhan Adilkhan, Satbek Sarzhanov, Vakhitkhan Ismailov, Ruslan Umaraliev, Mustafo Safarov, Vladimir Belikov, Japar Karayev, and Ettore Faga
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 929–945, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-929-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-929-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Central Asia is highly exposed to multiple hazards, including earthquakes, floods and landslides, for which risk reduction strategies are currently under development. We provide a regional-scale database of assets at risk, including population and residential buildings, based on existing information and recent data collected for each Central Asian country. The population and number of buildings are also estimated for the year 2080 to support the definition of disaster risk reduction strategies.
Tianyang Yu, Banghua Lu, Hui Jiang, and Zhi Liu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 803–822, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-803-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-803-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A basic database for seismic risk assessment of 720 urban water supply systems in mainland China is established. The parameters of the seismic risk curves of 720 cities are calculated. The seismic fragility curves of various facilities in the water supply system are given based on the logarithmic normal distribution model. The expected seismic loss and the expected loss rate index of 720 urban water supply systems in mainland China in the medium and long term are given.
Connor Darlington, Jonathan Raikes, Daniel Henstra, Jason Thistlethwaite, and Emma K. Raven
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 699–714, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-699-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-699-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The impacts of climate change on local floods require precise maps that clearly demarcate changes to flood exposure; however, most maps lack important considerations that reduce their utility in policy and decision-making. This article presents a new approach to identifying current and projected flood exposure using a 5 m model. The results highlight advancements in the mapping of flood exposure with implications for flood risk management.
Chiara Arrighi and Alessio Domeneghetti
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 673–679, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-673-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-673-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this communication, we reflect on environmental flood impacts by analysing the reported environmental consequences of the 2023 Emilia-Romagna floods. The most frequently reported damage involves water resources and water-related ecosystems. Indirect effects in time and space, intrinsic recovery capacity, cascade impacts on socio-economic systems, and the lack of established monitoring activities appear to be the most challenging aspects for future research.
Chiara Scaini, Alberto Tamaro, Baurzhan Adilkhan, Satbek Sarzhanov, Zukhritdin Ergashev, Ruslan Umaraliev, Mustafo Safarov, Vladimir Belikov, Japar Karayev, and Ettore Fagà
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 355–373, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-355-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-355-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Central Asia is prone to multiple hazards such as floods, landslides and earthquakes, which can affect a wide range of assets at risk. We develop the first regionally consistent database of assets at risk for non-residential buildings, transportation and croplands in Central Asia. The database combines global and regional data sources and country-based information and supports the development of regional-scale disaster risk reduction strategies for the Central Asia region.
Mersedeh Kooshki Forooshani, Marc van den Homberg, Kyriaki Kalimeri, Andreas Kaltenbrunner, Yelena Mejova, Leonardo Milano, Pauline Ndirangu, Daniela Paolotti, Aklilu Teklesadik, and Monica L. Turner
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 309–329, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-309-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-309-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We improve an existing impact forecasting model for the Philippines by transforming the target variable (percentage of damaged houses) to a fine grid, using only features which are globally available. We show that our two-stage model conserves the performance of the original and even has the potential to introduce savings in anticipatory action resources. Such model generalizability is important in increasing the applicability of such tools around the world.
Lisa Dillenardt and Annegret H. Thieken
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-162, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-162, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using survey data, we analysed the influence of different flood types on whether households implement adaptive measures. We found that communication and management strategies need to involve municipalities and should be tailored to the locally relevant flood type.
Jia Xu, Makoto Takahashi, and Weifu Li
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 179–197, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-179-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-179-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Through the development of micro-individual social vulnerability indicators and cluster analysis, this study assessed the level of social vulnerability of 599 residents from 11 communities in the Hongshan District of Wuhan. The findings reveal three levels of social vulnerability: high, medium, and low. Quantitative assessments offer specific comparisons between distinct units, and the results indicate that different types of communities have significant differences in social vulnerability.
Tommaso Piseddu, Mathilda Englund, and Karina Barquet
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 145–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-145-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-145-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Contributions to social capital, risk awareness, and preparedness constitute the parameters to test applications in disaster risk management. We propose an evaluation of four of these: mobile positioning data, social media crowdsourcing, drones, and satellite imaging. The analysis grants the opportunity to investigate how different methods to evaluate surveys' results may influence final preferences. We find that the different assumptions on which these methods rely deliver diverging results.
Yuting Zhang, Kai Liu, Xiaoyong Ni, Ming Wang, Jianchun Zheng, Mengting Liu, and Dapeng Yu
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 63–77, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-63-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-63-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This article is aimed at developing a method to quantify the influence of inclement weather on the accessibility of emergency medical services (EMSs) in Beijing, China, and identifying the vulnerable areas that could not get timely EMSs under inclement weather. We found that inclement weather could reduce the accessibility of EMSs by up to 40%. Furthermore, towns with lower baseline EMSs accessibility are more vulnerable when inclement weather occurs.
Soheil Mohammadi, Silvia De Angeli, Giorgio Boni, Francesca Pirlone, and Serena Cattari
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 79–107, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-79-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-79-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper critically reviews disaster recovery literature from a multi-risk perspective. Identified key challenges encompass the lack of approaches integrating physical reconstruction and socio-economic recovery, the neglect of multi-risk interactions, the limited exploration of recovery from a pre-disaster planning perspective, and the low consideration of disaster recovery as a non-linear process in which communities need change over time.
Cited articles
Allen, T. I., Wald, D. J., Earle, P. S., Marano, K. D., Hotovec, A. J., Lin,
K., and Hearne, M. G.: An Atlas of ShakeMaps and population exposure catalog
for earthquake loss modeling, Bull. Earthquake Eng., 7, 701–718,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-009-9120-y, 2009.
Aubrecht, C. and León Torres, J. A.: Top-down identification of mixed
vs. residential use in urban areas: Evaluation of remotely sensed nighttime
lights for a case study in Cuenca City, Ecuador, in: Proceedings of the 1st
International Electronic Conference on Remote Sensing, 22 June–5 July 2015,
online (sciforum.net), available at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/300483105 (last access: 17 January
2021), 2015.
Aubrecht, C., Steinnocher, K., Köstl, M., Züger, J., and Loibl, W.:
Long-term spatio-temporal social vulnerability variation considering
health-related climate change parameters particularly affecting elderly,
Nat. Hazards, 68, 1371–1384, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0324-0, 2013.
Bal, I. E., Bommer, J. J., Stafford, P. J., Crowley, H., and Pinho, R.: The
Influence of Geographical Resolution of Urban Exposure Data in an Earthquake
Loss Model for Istanbul, Earthq. Spectra, 26, 619–634,
https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3459127, 2010.
Balk, D. and Yetman, G.: The global distribution of population: evaluating
the gains in resolution refinement, Center for International Earth Science
Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University, New York, USA, available
at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228735948 (last access: 17 January 2021), 2004.
Bhaduri, B., Bright, E., Coleman, P., and Urban, M. L.: LandScan USA: a
high-resolution geospatial and temporal modeling approach for population
distribution and dynamics, GeoJournal, 69, 103–117,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-007-9105-9, 2007.
Bing Maps Team: Over 100 New Streetside and 3D Cities Go Live on Bing Maps,
available at https://blogs.bing.com/maps/2014/08/20/over-100-new-streetside-and-3d-cities-go-live-on-bing-maps/
(last access: 17 January 2021), 2014.
Cao, Y. and Huang, X.: A deep learning method for building height estimation
using high-resolution multi-view imagery over urban areas: A case study of
42 Chinese cities, Remote Sens. Environ., 264, 112590,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112590, 2021.
Chen, K., McAneney, J., Blong, R., Leigh, R., Hunter, L., and Magill, C.:
Defining area at risk and its effect in catastrophe loss estimation: a
dasymetric mapping approach, App. Geogr., 24, 97–117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2004.03.005, 2004.
Chen, X. and Nordhaus, W. D.: Using luminosity data as a proxy for economic
statistics, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108,
8589–8594, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1017031108, 2011.
Chen, Z., Li, Z., Ding, W., and Han, Z.: Study of Spatial Population
Distribution in Earthquake Disaster Reduction – A Case Study of 2007
Ning'er Earthquake, Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 7,
273–284, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-5722.2012.03.006, 2012 (in Chinese).
Corbane, C., Hancilar, U., Ehrlich, D., and De Groeve, T.: Pan-European
seismic risk assessment: a proof of concept using the Earthquake Loss
Estimation Routine (ELER), B. Earthq. Eng., 15,
1057–1083, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-016-9993-5, 2017.
Dabbeek, J., Crowley, H., Silva, V., Weatherill, G., Paul, N., and Nievas,
C. I.: Impact of exposure spatial resolution on seismic loss estimates in
regional portfolios, B. Earthq. Eng.,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01194-x, 2021.
Daniell, J.: Development of socio-economic fragility functions for use in
worldwide rapid earthquake loss estimation procedures, Ph.D. Thesis,
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2014.
Daniell, J. E., Schaefer, A. M., and Wenzel, F.: Losses Associated with
Secondary Effects in Earthquakes, Front. Built Environ., 3, 1–14,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2017.00030, 2017.
De Bono, A. and Chatenoux, B.: A global exposure model for GAR 2015, United
Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, Geneva, Switzerland,
available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275639260 (last
access: 17 January 2021), 2015.
De Bono, A. and Mora, M. G.: A global exposure model for disaster risk
assessment, Int. J. Disast. Risk. Re., 10,
442–451, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.05.008, 2014.
De Bono, A., Chatenoux, B., Herold, C., and Peduzzi, P.: Global Assessment
Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2013: From shared risk to shared value – The
business case for disaster risk reduction, United Nations International
Strategy for Disaster Reduction, Geneva, Switzerland, available at: https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:32532 (last access: 17 January 2021),
2013.
Dell'Acqua, F., Gamba, P., and Jaiswal, K.: Spatial aspects of building and
population exposure data and their implications for global earthquake
exposure modeling, Nat. Hazards, 68, 1291–1309,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0241-2, 2013.
Dobson, J. E., Bright, E. A., Coleman, P. R., Durfee, R. C., and Worley, B.
A.: LandScan: a global population database for estimating populations at
risk, Photogramm. Eng. Rem. S., 66, 849–857, 2000.
Doll, C. N. H., Muller, J.-P., and Morley, J. G.: Mapping regional economic
activity from night-time light satellite imagery, Ecol. Econ.,
57, 75–92, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.03.007, 2006.
Eicher, C. L. and Brewer, C. A.: Dasymetric Mapping and Areal Interpolation:
Implementation and Evaluation, Cartogr. Geogr. Inf. Sc., 28, 125–138, https://doi.org/10.1559/152304001782173727, 2001.
Elvidge, C. D., Tuttle, B. T., Sutton, P. C., Baugh, K. E., Howard, A. T.,
Milesi, C., Bhaduri, B., and Nemani, R.: Global distribution and density of
constructed impervious surfaces, Sensors, 7, 1962–1979,
2007.
EPERDR: Expert Panel of Earthquake Resistance and Disaster Relief:
Comprehensive Disaster and Risk Analysis of Wenchuan Earthquake, Science
Press, Beijing, China, 2008 (in Chinese).
Erdik, M.: Earthquake risk assessment, B. Earthq. Eng.,
15, 5055–5092, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0235-2, 2017.
European Commission, Joint Research Centre: GHS population grid multitemporal (1975–1990–2000–2015), available at: https://ghsl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/datasets.php#inline-nav-ghs_pop2019, last access: 9 October 2021a.
European Commission: Global Land Cover 2000, available at: https://forobs.jrc.ec.europa.eu/products/glc2000/legend.php, last access: 9 October 2021b.
European Space Agency: GlobCover Land Cover Maps, available at: http://due.esrin.esa.int/page_globcover.php, last access: 9 October 2021.
Figueiredo, R. and Martina, M.: Using open building data in the development of exposure data sets for catastrophe risk modelling, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 417–429, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-417-2016, 2016.
Freire, S., MacManus, K., Pesaresi, M., Doxsey-Whitfield, E., and Mills, J.:
Development of new open and free multi-temporal global population grids at
250 m resolution, in: Proceedings of the 19th AGILE Conference on Geographic
Information Science, 14–17 June 2016, Helsinki, Finland, available at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304625387 (last access: 17 January
2021), 2016.
Fu, J., Jiang, D., and Huang, Y.: Populationgrid_China, Acta
Geographica Sinica, 69, 41–44, https://doi.org/10.11821/dlxb2014S006,
2014a (in Chinese).
Fu, J., Jiang, D., and Huang, Y.: 1 km Grid Population Dataset of China,
National Earth System Science Data Center, Beijing, China [data set], https://doi.org/10.3974/geodb.2014.01.06.V1, 2014b (in Chinese).
Fuchs, S., Keiler, M., and Zischg, A.: A spatiotemporal multi-hazard exposure assessment based on property data, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2127–2142, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2127-2015, 2015.
Gamba, P.: Global Exposure Database: Scientific Features, Global Earthquake
Model (GEM) Foundation, Pavia, Italy, available at: https://storage.globalquakemodel.org/resources/publications/technical-reports/global-exposure-database-scientific-features/
(last access: 17 January 2021), 2014.
Gaughan, A. E., Stevens, F. R., Linard, C., Jia, P., and Tatem, A. J.: High
Resolution Population Distribution Maps for Southeast Asia in 2010 and 2015,
PLoS ONE, 8, e55882, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055882, 2013.
Ghosh, T., Powell, R. L., Elvidge, C. D., Baugh, K. E., Sutton, P. C., and
Anderson, S.: Shedding light on the global distribution of economic
activity, The Open Geography Journal, 3, 148–161, available at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228371381 (last access: 17 January
2021), 2010.
Goodchild, M. F., Anselin, L., and Deichmann, U.: A Framework for the Areal
Interpolation of Socioeconomic Data, Environ. Plan. A, 25, 383–397,
https://doi.org/10.1068/a250383, 1993.
Gunasekera, R., Ishizawa, O., Aubrecht, C., Blankespoor, B., Murray, S.,
Pomonis, A., and Daniell, J.: Developing an adaptive global exposure model to
support the generation of country disaster risk profiles, Earth-Sci.
Rev., 150, 594–608, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.08.012, 2015.
Han, Z., Li, Z., Chen, Z., Ding, W., and Wang, L.: Population, Housing
Statistics Data Spatialization Research in the Application of Rapid
Earthquake Loss Assessment – A Case of Yiliang Earthquake, Seismology and
Geology, 35, 894–906, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.04.018, 2013 (in
Chinese).
Holz, C. A.: New capital estimates for China, China Econ. Rev., 17,
142–185, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2006.02.004, 2006.
Hu, D., Zhang, F., Xiao, X., Shi, Q., Li, L., Zhang, Z., and Wang, X.: Survey
and Statistical Study of Rural Buildings in Southwest China,
Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting, 37, 113–120, https://doi.org/10.16226/j.issn.1002-8412.2015.03.019, 2015 (in Chinese).
Hu, M., Bergsdal, H., Voet, E. van der, Huppes, G., and Müller, D. B.:
Dynamics of urban and rural housing stocks in China, Build. Res. Inf., 38, 301–317, https://doi.org/10.1080/09613211003729988, 2010.
Jaiswal, K., Wald, D., and Porter, K.: A global building inventory for
earthquake loss estimation and risk management, Earthq. Spectra, 26,
731–748, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3450316, 2010.
Ji, H., Li, X., Wei, X., Liu, W., Zhang, L., and Wang, L.: Mapping 10-m
Resolution Rural Settlements Using Multi-Source Remote Sensing Datasets with
the Google Earth Engine Platform, Remote Sens., 12, 2832,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172832, 2020.
Li, M., Koks, E., Taubenböck, H., and van Vliet, J.: Continental-scale
mapping and analysis of 3D building structure, Remote Sens. Environ., 245, 111859, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111859, 2020.
Lin, D., Tan, M., Liu, K., Liu, L., and Zhu, Y.: Accuracy Comparison of Four
Gridded Population Datasets in Guangdong Province, China, Tropical
Geography, 40, 346–356, https://doi.org/10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003220, 2020 (in
Chinese).
Linard, C., Gilbert, M., Snow, R. W., Noor, A. M., and Tatem, A. J.:
Population distribution, settlement patterns and accessibility across Africa
in 2010, PloS ONE, 7, e31743, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031743, 2012.
Liu, M., Ma, J., Zhou, R., Li, C., Li, D., and Hu, Y.: High-resolution
mapping of mainland China's urban floor area, Landscape Urban Plan.,
214, 104187, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104187, 2021.
Lu, L., Guo, H., Pesaresi, M., Soille, P., and Ferri, S.: Automatic
Recognition of Built-up Areas in China Using CBERS-2B HR Data, in:
Proceedings of the JURSE 2013, 21–23 April 2013, São Paulo, Brazil,
available at
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC86187 (last
access: 17 January 2021), 2013.
Ma, T., Zhou, C., Pei, T., Haynie, S., and Fan, J.: Quantitative estimation
of urbanization dynamics using time series of DMSP/OLS nighttime light data:
A comparative case study from China's cities, Remote Sens. Environ.,
124, 99–107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.04.018, 2012.
Messner, F. and Meyer, V.: Flood damage, vulnerability and risk perception
– challenges for flood damage research, in: Flood Risk Management: Hazards,
Vulnerability and Mitigation Measures, edited by: Schanze J., Zeman E., and
Marsalek J., Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 149–167, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4598-1_13, 2006.
Ministry of Natural Resources: GlobeLand30: Global Geo-information Public Product, available at: http://www.globallandcover.com/, last access: 9 October 2021.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration: MODIS: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, available at: https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/about/, last access: 9 October 2021a.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Gridded Population of the World (GPW), available at: http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw/global.jsp, last access: 9 October 2021b.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP), available at: https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/collection/grump-v1, last access: 9 October 2021c.
National Centres for Environmental Information: DMSP OLS – Operational Linescan System, available at: https://data.noaa.gov/metaview/page?xml=NOAA/NESDIS/NGDC/STP/DMSP/iso/xml/G01119.xml&view=getDataView&header=none, last access: 9 October 2021.
National Earth System Science Data Centre: One kilometer grid population distribution dataset of China, available at: http://www.geodata.cn/thematicView/datadetails.html?dataguid=161949057751763&pdate=2014%E5%B9%B408%E6%9C%88&t=181742444058870, last access: 9 October 2021.
Neumayer, E. and Barthel, F.: Normalizing economic loss from natural
disasters: a global analysis, Global Environ. Chang., 21, 13–24,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.10.004, 2011.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory: LandScan Datasets, available at: https://landscan.ornl.gov/landscan-datasets, last access: 9 October 2021.
OpenStreetMap Foundation: OpenStreetMap, available at: https://www.openstreetmap.org/, last access: 9 October 2021.
Paprotny, D., Kreibich, H., Morales-Nápoles, O., Terefenko, P., and Schröter, K.: Estimating exposure of residential assets to natural hazards in Europe using open data, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 323–343, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-323-2020, 2020.
Parikh, B.: Expanded coverage of building footprints in Google Maps,
available at: http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2012/10/expanded-coverage-of-building.html
(last access: 17 January 2021), 2012.
Pesaresi, M., Huadong, G., Blaes, X., Ehrlich, D., Ferri, S., Gueguen, L.,
Halkia, M., Kauffmann, M., Kemper, T., Lu, L., Marin-Herrera, M. A.,
Ouzounis, G. K., Scavazzon, M., Soille, P., Syrris, V., and Zanchetta, L.: A
Global Human Settlement Layer From Optical HR/VHR RS Data: Concept and First
Results, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing, 6,
2102–2131, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2271445, 2013.
Pesaresi, M., Ehrlich, D., Ferri, S., Florczyk, A. J., Freire, S., Halkia,
M., Julea, A., Kemper, T., Soille, P., and Syrris, V.: Operating procedure
for the production of the Global Human Settlement Layer from Landsat data of
the epochs 1975, 1990, 2000, and 2014, Jlint Research Center (JRC) Technical
Reports, European Commission, Ispra (VA), Italy, https://doi.org/10.2788/253582, 2016.
Population Census Office of the State Council, and Department of Population and Employment, Bureau of Statistics: 2010 China Sixth Population Census Tabulation, available at: http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/pcsj/rkpc/6rp/indexch.htm, last access: 9 October 2021.
Resource and Environment Science and Data Center: Township administrative boundary data of China, available at: http://www.ngcc.cn/ngcc/html/1/391/392/16114.html, last access: 9 October 2021.
Röthlisberger, V., Zischg, A. P., and Keiler, M.: A comparison of building value models for flood risk analysis, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2431–2453, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2431-2018, 2018.
Sabesan, A., Abercrombie, K., Ganguly, A. R., Bhaduri, B., Bright, E. A., and
Coleman, P. R.: Metrics for the comparative analysis of geospatial datasets
with applications to high-resolution grid-based population data, GeoJournal,
69, 81–91, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-007-9103-y, 2007.
Seifert, I., Thieken, A. H., Merz, M., Borst, D., and Werner, U.: Estimation
of industrial and commercial asset values for hazard risk assessment,
Nat. Hazards, 52, 453–479, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-009-9389-9, 2010.
Silva, V., Crowley, H., Varum, H., and Pinho, R.: Seismic risk assessment for
mainland Portugal, B. Earthq. Eng., 13, 429–457,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9630-0, 2015.
Thieken, A. H., Müller, M., Kleist, L., Seifert, I., Borst, D., and Werner, U.: Regionalisation of asset values for risk analyses, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 6, 167–178, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-167-2006, 2006.
Tobler, W.: Smooth Pycnophylactic Interpolation for Geographic Regions,
Journal of American Statistical Association, 74, 519–530,
https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1979.10481647, 1979.
University of Southampton: WorldPop, available at: https://www.worldpop.org/geodata/listing?id=29, last access: 9 October 2021.
Wang, L. and Szirmai, A.: Capital inputs in the Chinese economy: Estimates
for the total economy, industry and manufacturing, China Econ. Rev.,
23, 81–104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2011.08.002, 2012.
Wang, Z., Yi, W., and Wang, M.: Statistical analysis of natural vibration
period of high-rise and super high-rise concrete and steel-reinforced
concrete mixed structures in China, Building Structure, 48, 85–89,
https://doi.org/10.19701/j.jzjg.2018.03.016, 2018 (in Chinese).
Wu, J., Li, N., and Shi, P.: Benchmark wealth capital stock estimations
across China's 344 prefectures: 1978 to 2012, China Econ. Rev., 31,
288–302, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2014.10.008, 2014.
Wu, J., Li, Y., Li, N., and Shi, P.: Development of an asset value map for
disaster risk assessment in China by spatial disaggregation using ancillary
remote sensing data, Risk Anal., 38, 17–30, https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12806,
2018.
Wu, J., Ye, M., Wang, X., and Koks, E.: Building asset value mapping in
support of flood risk assessments: A case study of Shanghai, China,
Sustainability, 11, 971, https://doi.org/10.3390/su11040971 2019.
Wu, Z., Ma, T., Jiang, H., and Jiang, C.: Multi-scale seismic hazard and risk
in the China mainland with implication for the preparedness, mitigation, and
management of earthquake disasters: An overview, Int. J. Disast. Risk. Re., 4, 21–33, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2013.03.002, 2013.
Wünsch, A., Herrmann, U., Kreibich, H., and Thieken, A. H.: The Role of
Disaggregation of Asset Values in Flood Loss Estimation: A Comparison of
Different Modeling Approaches at the Mulde River, Germany,
Environ. Manage., 44, 524–541, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9335-3, 2009.
Xin, D., Daniell, J. E., Tsang, H.-H., and Wenzel, F.: The supplementary data for the mainland China residential building stock modeling work of Xin et al., Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4669800, 2021.
Xiong, C.: Automated regional seismic damage assessment of buildings using
an unmanned aerial vehicle and a convolutional neural network,
Automat. Constr., 14, 102994, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.102994, 2020.
Xu, J., An, J., and Nie, G.: A quick earthquake disaster loss assessment method supported by dasymetric data for emergency response in China, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 885–899, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-885-2016, 2016a.
Xu, J., An, J., and Nie, G.: Development of Earthquake Emergency Disaster
Information Pre-Evaluation Data Based on km Grid, Seismol. Geolog.,
38, 760–772, https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2016.03.020, 2016b (in
Chinese).
Yang, W. and Kohler, N.: Simulation of the evolution of the Chinese building
and infrastructure stock, Build. Res. Inf., 36, 1–19,
https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210701702883, 2008.
Yuan, Y.: Impact of intensity and loss assessment following the great
Wenchuan Earthquake, Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib., 7,
247–254, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-008-0893-9, 2008.
Zhang, Y., Li, X., Wang, A., Bao, T., and Tian, S.: Density and diversity of
OpenStreetMap road networks in China, Journal of Urban Management, 4,
135–146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2015.10.001, 2015.
Short summary
A grid-level residential building stock model (in terms of floor area and replacement value) targeted for seismic risk analysis for mainland China is developed by using census and population density data. Comparisons with previous studies and yearbook records indicate the reliability of our model. The modelled results are openly accessible and can be conveniently updated when more detailed census or statistics data are available.
A grid-level residential building stock model (in terms of floor area and replacement value)...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint