State of the art of fragility analysis for major building types in China with implications for intensity-PGA relationships
- 1Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology (CEDIM) and Geophysical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstrasse 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
- 2China Scholarship Council (CSC), Level 13, Building A3, No.9 Chegongzhuang Avenue, 100044, Beijing, P.R. China
- 3General Sir John Monash Scholar, The General Sir John Monash Foundation, Level 5, 30 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
- 1Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology (CEDIM) and Geophysical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstrasse 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
- 2China Scholarship Council (CSC), Level 13, Building A3, No.9 Chegongzhuang Avenue, 100044, Beijing, P.R. China
- 3General Sir John Monash Scholar, The General Sir John Monash Foundation, Level 5, 30 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
Abstract. The evaluation of the seismic fragility of buildings is one key task of earthquake safety and loss assessment. Many research reports and papers have been published over the past four decades that deal with the vulnerability of buildings to ground motion caused by earthquakes in China. We scrutinize 69 papers with studies of building damage for magnitude ≥ 4.7 events occurred in densely populated areas starting with the 1975 M7.5 Haicheng earthquake. They represent observations where macroseismic intensities have been determined according to the Chinese Official Seismic Intensity Scale. From these many studies we derive the most representative fragility functions (dependent on intensity) for 4 damage limit states of two most widely distributed building types: masonry and reinforced concrete. We also inspect 18 papers that provide analytical fragility curves (dependent on PGA) for the same damage classes and building categories. Finally, we check the consistency of fragilities as functions of intensity and PGA and derive corresponding relationships between macroseismic intensity and PGA. The intensity-PGA relationship developed in this study is fully compatible with results of previous research.
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Danhua Xin et al.


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RC1: 'Referee Comment', Anonymous Referee #1, 22 Oct 2018
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RC2: 'Fragility curves for buildings in China and IM-PGA empirical expressions', Anonymous Referee #2, 25 Oct 2018
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AC2: 'Response to RC2 "Referee Comment"', Danhua Xin, 15 Dec 2018
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AC2: 'Response to RC2 "Referee Comment"', Danhua Xin, 15 Dec 2018
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AC1: 'Response to RC1 "Referee Comment"', Danhua Xin, 23 Nov 2018
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RC2: 'Fragility curves for buildings in China and IM-PGA empirical expressions', Anonymous Referee #2, 25 Oct 2018
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RC3: 'earthquake risk esimation using fragility curves', Anonymous Referee #3, 28 Oct 2018
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AC3: 'Response to RC3 "Referee Comment"', Danhua Xin, 15 Dec 2018
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AC3: 'Response to RC3 "Referee Comment"', Danhua Xin, 15 Dec 2018


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RC1: 'Referee Comment', Anonymous Referee #1, 22 Oct 2018
-
RC2: 'Fragility curves for buildings in China and IM-PGA empirical expressions', Anonymous Referee #2, 25 Oct 2018
-
AC2: 'Response to RC2 "Referee Comment"', Danhua Xin, 15 Dec 2018
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AC2: 'Response to RC2 "Referee Comment"', Danhua Xin, 15 Dec 2018
-
AC1: 'Response to RC1 "Referee Comment"', Danhua Xin, 23 Nov 2018
-
RC2: 'Fragility curves for buildings in China and IM-PGA empirical expressions', Anonymous Referee #2, 25 Oct 2018
-
RC3: 'earthquake risk esimation using fragility curves', Anonymous Referee #3, 28 Oct 2018
-
AC3: 'Response to RC3 "Referee Comment"', Danhua Xin, 15 Dec 2018
-
AC3: 'Response to RC3 "Referee Comment"', Danhua Xin, 15 Dec 2018
Danhua Xin et al.
Danhua Xin et al.
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