Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
NHESS
Articles | Volume 26, issue 10
Articles | Volume 26, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-5057-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-5057-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 26, issue 10
Research article
 | 
15 Oct 2026
Research article |  | 15 Oct 2026

Areal reduction factors from high-resolution rain gauges in Austria

Golbarg Goshtasbpour, Jannick Alpers, Kai Schröter, and Hannes Müller-Thomy

Related authors

Invited perspectives: Fostering interoperability of data, models, communication, and governance for disaster resilience through transdisciplinary knowledge co-production
Kai Schröter, Pia-Johanna Schweizer, Benedikt Gräler, Lydia Cumiskey, Sukaina Bharwani, Janne Parviainen, Chahan M. Kropf, Viktor Wattin Håkansson, Martin Drews, Tracy Irvine, Clarissa Dondi, Heiko Apel, Jana Löhrlein, Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler, Stefano Bagli, Levente Huszti, Christopher Genillard, Silvia Unguendoli, Fred Hattermann, and Max Steinhausen
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3055–3073, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-3055-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-3055-2025, 2025
Short summary
Rapid high-resolution impact-based flood early warning is possible with RIM2D: a showcase for the 2023 pluvial flood in Braunschweig
Shahin Khosh Bin Ghomash, Heiko Apel, Kai Schröter, and Max Steinhausen
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 1737–1749, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1737-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-1737-2025, 2025
Short summary
CAMELS-DE: hydro-meteorological time series and attributes for 1582 catchments in Germany
Ralf Loritz, Alexander Dolich, Eduardo Acuña Espinoza, Pia Ebeling, Björn Guse, Jonas Götte, Sibylle K. Hassler, Corina Hauffe, Ingo Heidbüchel, Jens Kiesel, Mirko Mälicke, Hannes Müller-Thomy, Michael Stölzle, and Larisa Tarasova
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 5625–5642, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5625-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-5625-2024, 2024
Short summary
Invited perspectives: safeguarding the usability and credibility of flood hazard and risk assessments
Bruno Merz, Günter Blöschl, Robert Jüpner, Heidi Kreibich, Kai Schröter, and Sergiy Vorogushyn
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4015–4030, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4015-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-4015-2024, 2024
Short summary
Estimation of future rainfall extreme values by temperature-dependent disaggregation of climate model data
Niklas Ebers, Kai Schröter, and Hannes Müller-Thomy
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 2025–2043, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2025-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-2025-2024, 2024
Short summary
More articles (4)

Cited articles

Alexopoulos, M. J., Müller-Thomy, H., Nistahl, P., Šraj, M., and Bezak, N.: Validation of precipitation reanalysis products for rainfall-runoff modelling in Slovenia, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2559–2578, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2559-2023, 2023. a
Allen, R. J. and DeGaetano, A. T.: Areal Reduction Factors for Two Eastern United States Regions with High Rain-Gauge Density, J. Hydrol. Eng., 10, 327–335, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2005)10:4(327), 2005. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j
Asquith, W. and Famiglietti, J.: Precipitation areal-reduction factor estimation using an annual-maxima centered approach, J. Hydrol., 230, 55–69, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00170-0, 2000. a, b, c, d, e
Barbero, G., Moisello, U., and Todeschini, S.: Evaluation of the Areal Reduction Factor in an Urban Area through Rainfall Records of Limited Length: A Case Study, J. Hydrol. Eng., 19, 05014016, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001022, 2014. a
Bell, F.: The areal reduction factor in rainfall frequency estimation, Report No. 35, Institute of Hydrology, University of New South Wales, Australia, https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/5751/1/IH_035.pdf (last access: 5 January 2026), 1976. a
More articles (49)
Download
Short summary
It is important to know how often an extreme precipitation amount can occur. This frequency can be derived via analysis of observed time series. With precipitation traditionally observed at single points (the rain gauges), the derived frequencies are not valid for e.g. catchments. Valid areal extreme values can be achieved by a subsequent reduction in space. This study analyses the impact of seasons, durations, frequencies and topography on reduction factors for extreme values (5 min to 1 day).
Read more
Share
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint