Articles | Volume 26, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-3667-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-3667-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Drivers of flash flood frequency and intensity in the United States: a quantitative analysis of hydrometeorological interactions
Ying Hu
Hubei Meteorological Service Center, Wuhan, 430205, Hubei, China
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Laboratory (Zhuhai), and School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
Huan Wu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Climate System Prediction and Risk Management/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China
Key Laboratory of Hydrometeorological Disaster Mechanism and Warning of Ministry of Water Resources/School of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China
Yiwen Mei
Carbon-Water Observation and Research Station in Karst Regions of Northern Guangdong, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
Zhijun Huang
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Laboratory (Zhuhai), and School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
Aihui Wang
Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Chaoqun Li
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Laboratory (Zhuhai), and School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
Bing Sui
Hunan Research Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Hunan Meteorological Bureau, Changsha, China
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Short summary
Our analysis of United States river data explains why more heavy rain has not led to more flash floods. Only 17.3 % of basins see more frequent events, and 6.5 % see sharper, more intense flash floods. A key finding is that the warming climate counteracts rainfall's impact, reducing potential increases in flood frequency by 3.6 % and intensity by 8.0 % since the 1980s. While national land cover has remained stable, local urbanization remains a crucial factor driving flood risk.
Our analysis of United States river data explains why more heavy rain has not led to more flash...
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