Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
NHESS
Articles | Volume 26, issue 6
Articles | Volume 26, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-2841-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-2841-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 26, issue 6
Research article
 | 
16 Jun 2026
Research article |  | 16 Jun 2026

Psychometric and cultural characterization of relative volcanic risk perception levels of individuals highly exposed to proximal activity from Villarrica volcano, Chile

Rodrigo A. Calderon, Luis E. Lara, Marcelo A. Lagos, and Alfredo A. Vives

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Short summary
This study explores how people perceive volcanic risk around Villarrica volcano in Chile. We surveyed about 400 residents and visitors in the high-risk area. Residents showed stronger trust within their communities but less knowledge of volcanic hazards, while visitors showed greater knowledge but lower trust. Both groups expressed confidence in authorities. Findings highlight the need for risk communication adapted to different groups to improve preparedness and strengthen community resilience.
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