Articles | Volume 26, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-2561-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-2561-2026
Research article
 | 
03 Jun 2026
Research article |  | 03 Jun 2026

Capturing the complete landslide–debris-rich flood continuum for accurate inventory, susceptibility and exposure mapping – lessons from Cyclone Idai

Antoine Dille, Olivier Dewitte, Jente Broeckx, Koen Verbist, Andile Sindiso Dube, Jean Poesen, and Matthias Vanmaercke

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Cited articles

Amatya, P., Scheip, C., Déprez, A., Malet, J. P., Slaughter, S. L., Handwerger, A. L., Emberson, R., Kirschbaum, D., Jean-Baptiste, J., Huang, M. H., Clark, M. K., Zekkos, D., Huang, J. R., Pacini, F., and Boissier, E.: Learnings from rapid response efforts to remotely detect landslides triggered by the August 2021 Nippes earthquake and Tropical Storm Grace in Haiti, Nat. Hazards, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-06096-6, 2023. 
Arango-Carmona, M. I., Voit, P., Hürlimann, M., Aristizábal, E., and Korup, O.: Hillslope torrential hazard cascades in tropical mountains, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 3641–3663, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-3641-2025, 2025. 
Bennett, G. L., Panici, D., Rengers, F. K., Kean, J. W., and Rathburn, S. L.: Landslide-channel feedbacks amplify channel widening during floods, npj Nat. Hazards, 2, 7, https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-025-00059-6, 2025. 
Bhuyan, K., Rana, K., Ozturk, U., Nava, L., Rosi, A., Meena, S. R., Fan, X., Floris, M., van Westen, C., and Catani, F.: Towards automatic delineation of landslide source and runout, Eng. Geol., 345, 107866, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107866, 2025. 
Brenna, A., Surian, N., Ghinassi, M., and Marchi, L.: Sediment–water flows in mountain streams: Recognition and classification based on field evidence, Geomorphology, 371, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107413, 2020. 
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Short summary
In mountain regions, intense rainfall can trigger thousands of landslides within hours. Yet, while most efforts focus on where landslides start, the worst impacts often occur far downstream because slope material can mix with large runoffs. Studying Cyclone Idai’s impacts in eastern Zimbabwe, we found that landslide sources explain only one-fifth of total population exposure, highlighting the need to consider the full landslide–flood continuum to better protect people and plan safer landscapes.
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