Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
NHESS
Articles | Volume 26, issue 1
Articles | Volume 26, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-21-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-21-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 26, issue 1
Research article
 | 
06 Jan 2026
Research article |  | 06 Jan 2026

Evaluation of microphysics and boundary layer schemes for simulating extreme rainfall events over Saudi Arabia using WRF-ARW

Rajesh Kumar Sahu, Hamza Kunhu Bangalath, Suleiman Mostamandi, Jason Evans, Paul A. Kucera, and Hylke E. Beck

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Short summary
This study tests 36 combinations of microphysics and boundary layer schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting model for extreme rainfall over Saudi Arabia. Using the Kling–Gupta Efficiency, the Yonsei University boundary layer with the Thompson microphysics performs best; the Morrison microphysics with the Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino boundary layer ranks lowest. Mean temporal efficiency is 0.37, spatial efficiency is 0.26, revealing spatial prediction challenges in arid regions.
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