Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
NHESS
Articles | Volume 26, issue 3
Articles | Volume 26, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-1397-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-1397-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 26, issue 3
Research article
 | 
18 Mar 2026
Research article |  | 18 Mar 2026

The role of El Niño Southern Oscillation in driving coastal hazards in the U.S. Pacific Northwest

Meredith Leung, Peter Ruggiero, Laura Cagigal, Dylan Anderson, and Fernando Mendez

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Short summary
This paper investigates the relationship between El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and coastal hazard risk in the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) using probabilistic simulations of climate patterns, weather patterns, and coastal hazard drivers. Results indicate there is a weaker relationship between ENSO and PNW coastal hazard risk than suggested by observations. These findings advance understanding of ENSO dynamics and support climate-informed hazard management.
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