Articles | Volume 25, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-4983-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-4983-2025
Research article
 | 
17 Dec 2025
Research article |  | 17 Dec 2025

Polarization in Flood Risk Management? Sensitivity of Norm Perception and Responsibility Attribution to Frequent Flood Experience

Lisa Köhler, Torsten Masson, Sungju Han, and Christian Kuhlicke

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Better prepared but less resilient: the paradoxical impact of frequent flood experience on adaptive behavior and resilience
Lisa Köhler, Torsten Masson, Sabrina Köhler, and Christian Kuhlicke
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2787–2806, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2787-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-2787-2023, 2023
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Cited articles

Adger, W. N., Dessai, S., Goulden, M., Hulme, M., Lorenzoni, I., Nelson, D. R., Naess, L. O., Wolf, J., and Wreford, A.: Are there social limits to adaptation to climate change?, Climatic Change, 93, 335–354, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-008-9520-z, 2009. 
APA: Descriptive norm, https://dictionary.apa.org/descriptive-norm (last access: 10 October 2025), 2025a. 
APA: Experience, https://dictionary.apa.org/experience (last access: 13 October 2025), 2025b. 
APA: Group identification, https://dictionary.apa.org/group-identification (last access: 13 October 2025), 2025c. 
APA: Helplessness, https://dictionary.apa.org/helplessness (last access: 13 October 2025), 2025d. 
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Short summary
This study examines how frequent flood experience relate to social norms and responsibility attribution. Using survey data from Saxony (Germany), we find that respondents with multiple flood experience are more likely to perceive social norms supporting individual protective behavior, ascribe more responsibility to public authorities and less to their community. This suggests a "we" vs. "them" polarization, potentially harming individual preparedness.
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