Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
NHESS
Articles | Volume 25, issue 9
Articles | Volume 25, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2963-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-2963-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 25, issue 9
Brief communication
 | 
04 Sep 2025
Brief communication |  | 04 Sep 2025

Brief Communication: Drivers of the recent warming of the Mediterranean Sea, and its implications for hail risk

Stephen Cusack and Tyler Cox

Viewed

Total article views: 4,244 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML PDF XML Total BibTeX EndNote
3,276 812 156 4,244 152 191
  • HTML: 3,276
  • PDF: 812
  • XML: 156
  • Total: 4,244
  • BibTeX: 152
  • EndNote: 191
Views and downloads (calculated since 25 Nov 2024)
Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 25 Nov 2024)

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Total article views: 4,244 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 4,105 with geography defined and 139 with unknown origin.
Country # Views %
  • 1
1
 
 
 
 

Cited

Saved (final revised paper)

Latest update: 11 Sep 2026
Download
Short summary
The Mediterranean Sea has been warming rapidly since 1980, and its basic thermodynamic effect acts to boost hail in the higher-risk parts of Europe. Climate model experiments indicate the Mediterranean warming is mainly caused by rising greenhouse gases, with reduced anthropogenic aerosols contributing too. A review of research and data revealed hail losses rising at around 2 % per year over the same period. Moreover, the trajectory of anthropogenic forcings suggests hail risk will keep rising.
Read more
Share
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint